Network for amin
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This document discusses several tools for monitoring and testing network performance and connectivity in Linux systems. It describes how to use ping and nmap to test host availability and scan open ports. It also explains how to use IPTraf to monitor network traffic, ethtool to view and configure network interface settings, and qperf to measure Ethernet bandwidth and latency between two hosts.
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This document discusses network monitoring and packet analysis using Wireshark. It provides an overview of Wireshark and tcpdump, examples of how to use capture and display filters to filter traffic, and how to analyze network traffic such as following TCP streams, endpoint statistics, and HTTP analysis. It also discusses improving Wireshark performance and using grep to further analyze saved packet files.
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Tuned
Tuning a system can be done statically through configuration files or dynamically using a tuning daemon. Red Hat's tuned daemon allows tuning profiles to be applied for different workloads, with 10 default profiles that optimize for tasks like power conservation and network throughput. The tuned daemon can be installed, started, and used to list available profiles, check the active profile, change to a new profile, or get a recommended profile.
File Fragmentation
File fragmentation occurs when there is not enough contiguous free space on a file system for a file to be written as a single piece. This causes the file's data to be split into multiple dispersed blocks across the disk. This fragmentation negatively impacts disk performance by increasing the time taken to complete disk requests and affects overall file system performance. Administrators can check and reduce fragmentation on XFS and EXT4 file systems using tools like xfs_db, filefrag, xfs_fsr, fsck, and e4defrag.
LVM عدنان الشعلة عودة تغييرات
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tmux عدنان الشعلة شرح برنامج
Tmux is a terminal multiplexer that allows a user to access multiple separate terminal sessions inside a single terminal window. It allows dealing with multiple programs from a command-line interface, keeping programs running after disconnecting from a session, and sharing sessions. Tmux can be installed with "yum install tmux" and started with "tmux", which will create one window with a single pane by default. All commands are triggered by pressing ctrl-b followed by another key, and allow splitting panes, navigating between panes, resizing panes, and more.
Hardware
This document discusses how to identify and review hardware information on Linux systems. It describes using commands like lscpu, free, vmstat, lsblk, and lspci to identify the CPU, memory, disks, and PCI/USB devices. It also discusses using dmesg and reviewing /proc/kmsg and /var/log/dmesg to see kernel messages about hardware. Finally, it introduces the dmidecode utility for delivering information about the BIOS, CPUs, caches, system details, devices, and physical memory.
audit
Audit is a Linux auditing subsystem that collects audit messages from the kernel about system events like authentication, authorization, and system calls. It includes the auditd daemon and auditctl command line tool for adding watch rules to files to trigger auditing on certain access types and viewing audit logs. Rules can be added temporarily through auditctl or permanently by writing them to /etc/audit/rules.d/audit.rules. Logs are stored in /var/log/audit/audit.log and can be viewed with ausearch.
Dependency issues "yum lock package version"
This document discusses dependency issues that can occur when updating packages and provides solutions. It explains how to check dependencies using yum deplist and view available versions with yum list. To prevent version updates from breaking applications, the document recommends locking specific package versions using the yum-plugin-versionlock plugin. This allows administrators to lock a package to a certain version and prevent yum update from updating it.
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Network for amin
- 1. 1 / 6 Network for Admin Adnan Alshulah
- 2. 2 / 6 Sending IMCP echo requests ● The Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is a low-level protocol used to test host availability ● Ping command supports in this protocol which has common options – n: numerically – I: special interface send the request – i: interval in second – c: count of request
- 3. 3 / 6 Scanning network ports ● Nmap is an open source port scanner yum install nmap ● How to use nmap – nmap “DNS” [you can see if it is down or up] – nmap -n : numerically [you can select ip or complete subnet] try to open port – nmap -sn : quickly see which hosts are running on a network. – nmap -sU : perform a UDP port scan. – nmap --top-ports : Scan the most popular ports – nmap -p : scan specific port “open port 11”
- 4. 4 / 6 Monitoring network traffic ● IPTraf was a network monitor software yum install iptraf-ng ● To use it run “iptraf-ng” ● Sample test – Ping – ssh
- 5. 5 / 6 Network Card Settings ● To see the current setting for NIC “ethtool” yum install ethtool ● To use it ethtool “NIC” ● You can change setting ethtool -s NIC OPTIONS Example : “not persistently” – ethtool -s “ NIC” autoneg off – ethtool -s “NIC” speed 1000 duplex full Persistent: add it in the file /etc/sysconfig/network-script/ifcfg* – ETHTOOL_OPTS="autoneg off speed 1000 duplex full"
- 6. 6 / 6 Measure network ● Qperf is a tool to measure Ethernet network for throughtput and latencies such as “TCP,UDP,etc ..” yum install qperf ● How does qperf work? qperf needs to run on two machines. One (the listener) runs qperf without any options. The other (the sender) invokes qperf with the name of the first host as the first argument, followed by the test options. Example: TCP and UDP bandwidth tests between two hosts – Host1: qperf – Host2: qperf host1 tcp_bw udp_bw Example: measure TCP throughput and latency. – Host1: qperf – Host2: qperf host1 tcp_bw tcp_lat ● Note : open both port 19765 & 19766
- 7. 6 / 6 Measure network ● Qperf is a tool to measure Ethernet network for throughtput and latencies such as “TCP,UDP,etc ..” yum install qperf ● How does qperf work? qperf needs to run on two machines. One (the listener) runs qperf without any options. The other (the sender) invokes qperf with the name of the first host as the first argument, followed by the test options. Example: TCP and UDP bandwidth tests between two hosts – Host1: qperf – Host2: qperf host1 tcp_bw udp_bw Example: measure TCP throughput and latency. – Host1: qperf – Host2: qperf host1 tcp_bw tcp_lat ● Note : open both port 19765 & 19766