Networking devices such as hubs, switches, routers, and gateways are used to connect electronic devices and share files and resources over a local area network (LAN). Hubs connect multiple devices but do not filter traffic. Switches are more intelligent and can identify devices to deliver messages only to the intended recipient. Routers connect different networks and choose congestion-free paths. Gateways connect incompatible networks by translating between protocols. Other devices like bridges, brouters, repeaters, modems, access points, and network interface cards (NICs) help devices connect either via wired or wireless connections. Network security devices such as firewalls, virtual private networks (VPNs), and intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS

1. NETWORK CONNECTING
DEVICES
TOPIC:

2. Outline:
 Intro…
 Hub
 Switch
 Router
 Gateway
 Bridges
 Brouter
 Repeaters
 Modem
 Access point
 NIC& WIFI card
 Network security
devices
 conclusion

3. WHAT ARE NETWORKING DEVICES?
Used to connect electronics
devices
Share files and
resources
LAN most common type of ND
Requires Hub, Switch,
Router

4. NETWORK CONNECTING DEVICES
HUB
SWTICH
ROUTE
R GATEWA
Y
BRIDGE
S
BROUTE
R
REPEATE
R
MODE
M
CNI
NETWORK CONNECTING DEVICES

5. HUB
:
Connectin
g point
where all
data
converge
Also
act as a
switch
Availabl
e in 4 to
24 port
size

6. TYPES
OF
HUB
PASSIVE
HUB:
 Simply connects
 Pass signals
ACTIVE HUB:
 Multiport repeaters
 Regenerate or
amplify signals

7. SWITCH
 Switch is a network device that connects
multiple computers together in a network.
 The switch improves the efficiency of the data
transfer in the network.
 Switch is more intelligent than Hub.
 Switch can easily identify that which device is
connected with which port by using MAC
address, that’s why it delivered message on a
particular destination machine.
 It can also handle multiple communication at
the same time.

8. MAIN PURPOSE:
 Advantage & Disadvantages of switch
Advantage
 It generally used to unicast the message.
 It provide more security than Hub.
 Switch support full duplex data transmission.
 It is used to send data packets based on MAC address.
 If a node fails, there will be no effect in the entire
network.
Disadvantages
 If switch is failed then entire network will be failed.
 It is more expensive.
 Difficult to setup.
• It is mainly used to send the private message as well as there is no wasting of data.
• It receive a message from any device connected to the network and then transmit the message
Only to that device for which the message was meant.

9. ROUTER:
 Router is a communication device connects multiple networks using similar or
different protocols, work as a traffic controller.
 It manage a best route between any twi communication networks.
 A router are used when several networks are connected.
 Router can be used on a network of any size .
 It can connect network of different countries,
also they transfer data in less time.
 Router use both LAN and WAN networks.

10. MAIN PURPOSE:
 A main purpose of router is to choose a
congestion free path through which data
will travel.
 A router is a intelligent device it uses
algorithm to find out the best path to
transfer data to a network.
 Router receive data packets from the
sender , analyze it and then forward to
receiver.

11. Advantages
 It provide connection between two dis-
similar types of networks.
 Transmission rate is very high
 It internally uses some algorithm to find
out congestion free path.
 It provide both wire and wireless facility.
Disadvantage
• Router is more
expensive compare to
other network devices.
• Router are complex to
maintain.
• Security issue.
• It only work with routable
protocol.

12. HUB SWITCH ROUTER
Hub work on Physical layer of OSI Model. Switch work on Data link layer of OSI
Model.
Router work on network
layer of OSI Model.
HUB is a Broadcast device. Switch is a Multicast device. Router is a routing device
use to create route for
transmitting data packets.
HUB is used to connect device n the same
network.
Switch is used to connect devices in
the same network.
Router is used to connect
two or more different
network.
HUB send data in the form of Binary bits Switch sends data in the form of
frames.
Router sends data in the
form of Packets.
HUB only work in half Duplex. Switch work in full Duplex. Router work in full Duplex.
In HUB only one device can send data at a
time.
Multiple devices can send data at the
same time.
Multiple Device Can send
Data at the same time.
HUB does not store any MAC or IP Address Switch store MAC Address Router stores IP Address.

13. WHAT
IS
GATEWAY?
 It is a device that connects two or more
networks with different types of
protocols .It is also act as a Gate
between two Networks.
 Gateway receive data from one network
and converts it according to the
protocols of other network.

14. FOR EXAMPLE:-
The Computer on a LAN
require a Gateway to
access the Internet.

15. GATEWAY :-
 It is used to connect huge and incompatible networks.
• The feature that make Gateway different from Other Network Devices is
that it can work at Seven Layers of OSI Model.
Gateway translate protocols between Networks.
WORKING:-
When a data packet arrives at the gateway, it first checks the header
information. After checking the destination IP address and any kind of errors in
the data packets. It performs data translation and protocol conversion of the
data packet as per the destination network needs. Finally, it forwards the data
packet to the destination IP address by setting up a specific transmission path
for the packet

16. GATE WAY
It also act as gate between two networks .It maybe a router,
firewall or other device that enables traffic to flow in and out of
the network.

17. ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
It can connect the devices of two different networks
having dissimilar structures.
Difficult to maintain as well as very complex.
We cannot access the internet without a gateway. The implementation cost is very high.
It has improved security than any other network
connecting device
Data transmission rate is slower.
TYPES OF GATEWAY :-
 On basis of direction of data flow, gateways are broadly divided into two
categories
 Unidirectional Gateways − They allow data to flow in only one direction.
 Bidirectional Gateways − They allow data to flow in both directions.

18. BRIDGES:
 A bridge connects two LANs.
 Or divides a network into segments
 It operates on physical layer and data link
layer
 As a physical layer it regenerates the
signals it receives
 It can check the MAC address
 Handles the networks having same
protocols

19. CONT…
 A bridge has a table that maps address to ports
 A bridge has filtering capability. It can check the destination address of a
frame and decide if the frame should be forwarded or dropped
 It uses the store and forward strategy

20. DATA TRANSMISSION WITHOUT BRIDGE :

21. FUNCTION OF A BRIDGE:
Filtering
Forwarding
Blocking

22. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Advantages
 Extend physical network
 Easy to use as just plug in device
 Reduce network traffic with minor segmentation
 Reduce collisions
 Divides large network into small segments
 Used for increasing network reliability
 Create separate collision domains
Disadvantage
s
 It doesn’t connect different networks
 Slower than repeaters due to filtering
 It does not filter broadcasts
 More expensive than repeaters

23. BRIDGE VS GATEWAYS
BRIDGE
1. Bridge works in physical & data link layer.
2. Bridge connects two different LANs.
3. Bridge connects two different LAN working
on same protocol.
4. In bridge, data or information is in the form
of packet.
5. In bridge, format of packet is not changed.
6. Bridge is not installed in router.
GATEWAY
1. While it works in all layers
2. While it converts the protocol.
3. While gateway will settle for and transfer
the packet across networks employing a
completely different protocol.
4. Whereas in gateway, data or information is
also in the form of packet.
5. While in gateway, format of packet is
changed.
6. While it installed in router.

24. BROUTERS
 A bridge router or brouter is a network device that works as a bridge and as
a router.
 Brouters operate at both the network layer for routable protocols
 and at the data link layer for non-routable protocols
 Brouters are complex, fairly expensive pieces of equipment and as such are
rarely used.

25. REPEATERS
 Repeaters is a network device through which we
can “Boostup the weak signal”.
 A repeater is a device that operates only at the
physical layer.

26. CONTI.....
 A repeater is a generator not an amplifier.
 It is a 2 port device.
 It is used in wired and wireless.
 There are two types of repeaters:
Analog Repeaters:
They can only amplify the analog signal.
Digital Repeaters:
They can reconstruct a distorted signal.

27. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF REPEATERS:
• It is used to regenerate the weak signal.
• They are cost effective.
• Repeaters has the ability to extend the length of signal.
• Maintain the signal performance.
Advantages:
• It required number of repeaters after some distances.
• Repeaters cannot connect dissimilar networks.
• They cannot reduce network traffic.
Disadvantages:

28. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN REPEATERS AND
BRIDGES
Bridges
 Bridge operates at the data link layer of OSI
model.
 The complete frames is understand by bridge.
 Destination address is used by bridge to determine
case to forward a frame.
 If collision occurs in one segment, it is forwarded to
another segment.
 Bridges connects two network in a well organized
manner.
 Bridge can perform packet filtering.
 Bridges are relatively expensive.
Repeaters
 Repeaters operates at the physical layer of OSI
model.
 Repeater do not understand complete frames.
 Repeater are not able to recognize the destination
address.
 If collision occurs in one segment, then also it is
forwarded to another segment.
 Repeaters expands the limit of the signals in the
network.
 Repeater cannot performs packet filtering.
 Repeaters are comparably economical than the
bridge.

29. MODEMS
 Modem is a network device that enables a computer to transfer data
from telephone lines to computer and computer to telephone lines.
 The word modem is derived from modulator and demodulator.
 The process of converting digital information to analog signals is called
modulation.
 The process of converting analog signals into digital signals is known as
demodulation .
 Modems are devices used by computers over long distances.

30. CONT.……
 A modems is typically use to send digital data over a phone line.
 Modems differ from each other depending upon their
characteristics.
 Differ modem may supports different types of communication such
as Data, Fax or Voice.
 Different modems have different data transmission speed and are
designed to work with different protocols.

31. WHAT IS A NIC?
 The Network interface card is what gives someone the ability to
communicate using a wired connection(e.g. Ethernet)or a wireless
connection (e.g. Wi-Fi).
 Also known as :
a. A Network interface controller.
b. Network adapter.
c. A local area network(LAN)adapter.

32. WHEN/HOW IS IT USED?
 One NIC can handle a number of Ethernet connections by
attaching a switch or router to it.
 Offices would often use Ethernet connections for workstations and
desktops.
 Ethernet cables are easier to configure than wireless cards ,and
they can provide better connections and work efficiency in certain
scenarios.

33. WHAT IS MEANT BY WIFI?
 WIFI is the wireless way to handle networking.
 It is also known as ire 802.11 networking.
 You can connect computers anywhere in your home or office
without the need for wires.
 The computer connect to the network using radio signals ,and
computer can be up to 100 feet or so apart.

34. CONNECTING TO WIFI
 Access point (infrastructure mode) –usually an area of connection
is reffered to as a hotspot. So if your local coffee shop has an
access point than you can say that they are a hotspot.
 A Peer(ad-hoc mode) –usually means connecting to another
wireless device within range of your device.

35. WIFI SECURITY
 WIFI hotspot can be open or secure.
 If a hotspot is open ,then anyone with a WIFI card can access the hotspot.
 If it is secure ,then the user needs to know a WEP Key to connect.
 WEP stands for Wired Equivalent Privacy.
Finally one thing
 We have many advantages and disadvantages while using WIFI. If we are
using it effectively in a useful manner means, I will sure that we will get all
benefits.

36. NETWORK SECURITY DEVICES
Assurance of network security is one of the most important
moments for safe and correct working of the computer systems
and networks.
There are few types of network security devices:
Active devices
Passive devices
Preventative devices
Unified Threat Management (UTM) devices

37. NETWORK SECURITY DEVICES(FIREWALL)
 A firewall is a network security system designed to prevent
unauthorized access to or from a private network.
Firewalls can be implemented as both hardware and
software, or a combination of both.
 Its primary objective is to control the incoming and outgoing
network traffic by analyzing the data packets and
determining whether it should be allowed through or not,
based on a predetermined rule set.

39. HOW DOES FIREWALL WORK?

40. VPN AND IDS/IPS
 A VPN is a virtual private network, which is a dedicated and
encrypted connection between the host computer to a secure server. A
VPN connects your personal computer to the proxy server within your
organization.
 Intrusion detection systems (IDS) and intrusion prevention
systems (IPS) are reporting tools that identify and protect networks
from intrusion.

41. THANKS FOR LISTENING