ZForce is an innovative optical touch technology developed by Neonode that allows touch interaction without requiring direct contact or force. It uses infrared light and sensors to detect objects interrupting the light field. This makes it work with any type of screen or surface and allow interaction using fingers, styli, or other objects. Compared to other technologies like capacitive and resistive, ZForce provides advantages such as lower cost, multi-touch support, minimal power usage, and insensitivity to interference. It is being implemented in devices like phones, tablets, and e-readers to replace capacitive touchscreens.
A touch screen is a computer display screen that is sensitive to human touch, allowing a user to interact with the computer by touching pictures or words on the screen.
In 1971, the first "Touch Sensor" was developed by Doctor Sam Hurst (founder of Elographics) while he was an instructor at the University of Kentucky.
A touch screen is a computer display screen that is sensitive to human touch, allowing a user to interact with the computer by touching pictures or words on the screen.
In 1971, the first "Touch Sensor" was developed by Doctor Sam Hurst (founder of Elographics) while he was an instructor at the University of Kentucky.
That is touch screen technology as everything (laptop,desktop,mobiles,ATM machine) each and everything can be used by touch.so how it works.Take a tour of uploaded ppt.
It was the touch screens which initially created great foregone are the days when you have to fiddle with the touch screens and end scratching up. Touch screen displays are ubiquitous worldwide. Frequent touching a touchscreen display with a pointing device such as a finger can result in the gradual de-sensitization of the touchscreen to input and can ultimately lead to failure of the touchscreen. To avoid this a simple user interface for Touchless control of electrically operated equipment is being developed. Elliptic Labs innovative technology lets you control your gadgets like Computers, MP3 players or mobile phones without touching them. A simple user interface for Touchless control of electrically operated equipment. Unlike other systems which depend on distance to the sensor or sensor selection this system depends on hand and or finger motions, a hand wave in a certain direction, or a flick of the hand in one area, or holding the hand in one area or pointing with one finger for example. The device is based on optical pattern recognition using a solid state optical matrix sensor with a lens to detect hand motions. This sensor is then connected to a digital image processor, which interprets the patterns of motion and outputs the results as signals to control fixtures, appliances, machinery, or any device controllable through electrical signals.
A touch screen is an electronic visual display that can detect the presence and location of a touch within the display area.
Touch screen can also sense other passive objects such as stylus.
The Screens are sensitive to pressure ; a user interacts with the computer by touching pictures or words on the screen .
A basic touch screen has three main components :
Touch sensor
Controller
Software driver
That is touch screen technology as everything (laptop,desktop,mobiles,ATM machine) each and everything can be used by touch.so how it works.Take a tour of uploaded ppt.
It was the touch screens which initially created great foregone are the days when you have to fiddle with the touch screens and end scratching up. Touch screen displays are ubiquitous worldwide. Frequent touching a touchscreen display with a pointing device such as a finger can result in the gradual de-sensitization of the touchscreen to input and can ultimately lead to failure of the touchscreen. To avoid this a simple user interface for Touchless control of electrically operated equipment is being developed. Elliptic Labs innovative technology lets you control your gadgets like Computers, MP3 players or mobile phones without touching them. A simple user interface for Touchless control of electrically operated equipment. Unlike other systems which depend on distance to the sensor or sensor selection this system depends on hand and or finger motions, a hand wave in a certain direction, or a flick of the hand in one area, or holding the hand in one area or pointing with one finger for example. The device is based on optical pattern recognition using a solid state optical matrix sensor with a lens to detect hand motions. This sensor is then connected to a digital image processor, which interprets the patterns of motion and outputs the results as signals to control fixtures, appliances, machinery, or any device controllable through electrical signals.
A touch screen is an electronic visual display that can detect the presence and location of a touch within the display area.
Touch screen can also sense other passive objects such as stylus.
The Screens are sensitive to pressure ; a user interacts with the computer by touching pictures or words on the screen .
A basic touch screen has three main components :
Touch sensor
Controller
Software driver
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This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
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2. 1. Introduction
2. History
3. Types of Touchscreen
4. zForce : A Next Generation Alternative
5. Working : zForce Technology
6. Comparision with zForce Technology
7. Applications of zForce Technology
8. Advantages
9. Limitations
10. Future Scope
11. Conclusion
12. References
INDEX
ZFORCE AIR TECHNOLOGY | 02
3. INTRODUCTION
zForce® is Neonode Inc’s innovative optical 2D
touch technology.
zForce is an abbreviation for “zero force necessary”
It gives a number of major advantages compared
with traditional touch technologies, like capacitive or
resistive.
With zForce, any type of screen or display can be
used.
In fact, zForce works with any surface – flat, round or
any other shape.
Another advantage is that any type of object can be
used – a finger or a stylus, a car key, fingernails,
gloves and ordinary pens.
ZFORCE AIR TECHNOLOGY | 03
4. HISTORY
The first ever touchscreen was developed by E.A
Johnson at the Royal Radar Establishment, Malvern,
UK in the late 1960s.
In 1971 Dr. Sam Hurst, founder of Elographics
developed the first touch opaque sensor “Elograph”
at the University of Kentucky.
In 1983, Hewlett-Packard introduced the HP-150, a
home computer with touch screen technology.
In 1993, Apple released the Newton PDA, equipped
with Handwriting Recognition.
ZFORCE AIR TECHNOLOGY | 04
5. In 2001, childhood friends Magnus Goertz and Thomas
Eriksson founded Neonode.
In 2009, Neonode released the touch-technology zForce
(zero force).
In 2010, Sony launched their e-reader based on the zForce
technology.
In the same year, zForce was awarded the title "Best New
Technology of the Year" by the magazine Mobil.
The technology has been developed since 2011 and is now
implemented into a variety of touch devices such as
tablets and automotive appliances.
Contd.
HISTORY
ZFORCE AIR TECHNOLOGY | 05
7. Types of Touchscreen
Resistive
Most widely used in mobile phones.
Water and dust resistance.
Touch with fingers, stylus, etc.
Life span of 35 million touches.
ZFORCE AIR TECHNOLOGY | 07
8. Types of Touchscreen
Capacitive
More expensive than resistive touch screens.
Water, dust and scratch resistant.
Touch only with fingers.
ZFORCE AIR TECHNOLOGY | 08
9. Types of Touchscreen
Infrared
The most expensive of these three types, these are
however the most resistant kind.
The major difference is that in spite of using
capacitors across the ends of the screen, infrared
radiations are applied.
ZFORCE AIR TECHNOLOGY | 09
10. zForce : A Next Generation Alternative
zForce technology is
based on light fields.
As the light is interrupted
by fingers or objects, the
system notes the
position.
Basic Concept
Other objects than fingers are therefore possible to use,
since the screen responds to any type of material.
ZFORCE AIR TECHNOLOGY | 10
11. Working : zForce Technology
zForce consists of a set of infrared emitters and
detectors, an optical light guide, control electronics and
control software.
The emitters pulse infrared light just above the touch
surface.
A change in detected light indicates an object touch.
By combining the measured value from more than one
detector, the touch position and object size are
calculated.
The output from zForce can be used to identify actions
such as gestures and sweeps.
ZFORCE AIR TECHNOLOGY | 11
12. A plastic light guide is
located under the bezel on
top of the display.
It serves to reflect and
focus light are shown
attached to an around the
zforce display.
Contd.
The zforce Technology pulses an infrared light across the screen
at a rate of up to 120 times a second so the grid is continuously
refreshed.
As the user’s fingers move across the screen, the grid’s
coordinates where the screen is touched are converted into
mathematical algorithms in a process that is unique to Neonode.
Working : zForce Technology
ZFORCE AIR TECHNOLOGY | 12
14. zForce has a touch resolution of 250 DPI which enables precision
writing with thin objects such as a pen or a stylus.
zForce is developed for operating temperatures ranging from
-40°C to +85°C which enables usage in very harsh environments.
The control software includes, among other functions, advanced
algorithms which calibrate the system by adjusting the power to the
emitters.
Compensations are made for dust and other small particles on the
surface as well as for variation in component quality and ambient
light conditions.
Calibration is carried out continuously during normal operation and
no extra calibration is necessary (either in production or by the
end-user).
In Addition.
ZFORCE AIR TECHNOLOGY | 14
16. Application
AirBar
AirBar projects an invisible
light field all over your
screen. When your finger,
pen or brush breaks the
light, you interact with the
screen without actually
touching it.
No calibration, no having
to point in special places,
no drama.
AirBar retails at US$49
(£33)
ZFORCE AIR TECHNOLOGY | 16
17. Advantages
It does not require a
glass overlay.
This translates to
better light
transmission and
subsequently better
display quality.
It does not require
any force.
It supports
interactions using a
finger, a stylus, or
even a gloved hand.
ZFORCE AIR TECHNOLOGY | 17
18. Other not-so-obvious benefits include the following:
It is cheaper than capacitive touch screen
solutions
It supports multi-touch
It consumes minimal power
It is not sensitive to Radio Frequency Interference
(RFI) or Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)
It is able to provide high resolutions.
Contd.
Advantages
ZFORCE AIR TECHNOLOGY | 18
19. A raised bezel is placed around the screen.
1ms response times are quite possible with this
new technology and there is little to no lag.
Limitations
ZFORCE AIR TECHNOLOGY | 19
20. Future Scope
zForce AIR technology present unlimited
opportunities including: car windscreens, home
glass partitions, television displays, automotive
infotainment displays, and foldable displays which
are the future of mobile devices.
Neonode’s AirBar is planned to be a platform for
enabling other technologies such as virtual reality,
gaming, and mouse functionalities.
Neonode’s technology for transparent displays can
touch and gesture enable selected sections of the
display at a cost low enough to be applied to a whole
range of devices from entry level to premium models.
ZFORCE AIR TECHNOLOGY | 20
21. Conclusion
Optical touch screens like zForce technology offer a
cheaper and more versatile alternative to more
popular touchscreens like resistive and capacitive
types.
Neonode zForce is set to replace capacitive touch
screens.
Back to using infrared bezel sensing touchscreens of
the past.
Neonode has already licensed zForce to companies
that include Sony and Barnes & Noble.
So, we can expect to see this technology
implemented into the next generation of phones,
tablets and e-readers.
ZFORCE AIR TECHNOLOGY | 21
