The SET4food project aimed to enhance the response capacity of humanitarian actors in identifying and implementing efficient and sustainable energy technologies for food utilization. The project developed tools like a decision support system and guidelines on sustainable energy technologies. It also implemented pilot projects in countries like Lebanon, Somalia, Central African Republic, and Haiti to test these tools and innovative energy solutions. The project developed and tested technologies for food cooking, preservation, power generation, water pumping, and treatment that could help humanitarian efforts in a more sustainable and cost-effective way.
Regions at work for the Bio-Economy:
How to help entrepreneurs convert bio-wastes into efficient fertilisers in a fair regulatory framework and a financially de-risked environment?
Food security - RRI in Agricultural research for development. By Pascal KosuthRRI Tools
Food security - RRI in Agricultural research for development
Pascal Kosuth
Director of the Agropolis Foundation
RRI Tools Final Conference - Brussels, 21-22 November 2016
PLENARY SESSION: Facing the societal challenges of our time
GEO is an organization that contributes to rural energy, sustainable agriculture, climate change mitigation and adaptation, and disaster mitigation. Its aim is to innovate and implement practical science-based solutions to achieve balance between human and natural systems. GEO focuses on community capacity building and empowerment. One of GEO's missions is to facilitate one million efficient cookstoves over 5 years to improve community health and the environment. So far, GEO has developed 15 stove designs and facilitated over 300 stoves directly, sharing knowledge online and through training programs. GEO will continue its work on stove research, development, and dissemination to advance its mission.
The National Programme on Improved Chulha (NPIC) in India aimed to promote the use of efficient cooking devices in rural areas to reduce dependence on wood fuel. It focused on developing improved stove models and promoting their adoption. Key issues included the health impacts of wood smoke on women and children and debates around subsidy versus commercialization approaches. The program reached over 30 million households but funding was discontinued in 2002. It provided important lessons for biomass energy programs.
Given by Heng Sokbil
The second in our series of workshops designed to gather input from stakeholders involved in existing off-grid projects in Africa, Asia and Latin America. This event is workshop scheduled to be held in Malaysia for the ASEAN countries will be organised by the Academy of Sciences Malaysia (ASM) in collaboration with Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS).
The SET4food project aims to enhance the capacity of humanitarian organizations to identify and implement efficient and sustainable energy technologies for food utilization in refugee camps. It will develop guidelines and a decision support system to help select appropriate technologies. Four pilot projects will test and validate these tools. An e-learning platform and in-person trainings will provide technical knowledge to humanitarian staff on energy solutions for cooking, refrigeration, and water purification. The project is led by COOPI and implemented with technical support from Politecnico di Milano over 19 months with ECHO funding.
Regions at work for the Bio-Economy:
How to help entrepreneurs convert bio-wastes into efficient fertilisers in a fair regulatory framework and a financially de-risked environment?
Food security - RRI in Agricultural research for development. By Pascal KosuthRRI Tools
Food security - RRI in Agricultural research for development
Pascal Kosuth
Director of the Agropolis Foundation
RRI Tools Final Conference - Brussels, 21-22 November 2016
PLENARY SESSION: Facing the societal challenges of our time
GEO is an organization that contributes to rural energy, sustainable agriculture, climate change mitigation and adaptation, and disaster mitigation. Its aim is to innovate and implement practical science-based solutions to achieve balance between human and natural systems. GEO focuses on community capacity building and empowerment. One of GEO's missions is to facilitate one million efficient cookstoves over 5 years to improve community health and the environment. So far, GEO has developed 15 stove designs and facilitated over 300 stoves directly, sharing knowledge online and through training programs. GEO will continue its work on stove research, development, and dissemination to advance its mission.
The National Programme on Improved Chulha (NPIC) in India aimed to promote the use of efficient cooking devices in rural areas to reduce dependence on wood fuel. It focused on developing improved stove models and promoting their adoption. Key issues included the health impacts of wood smoke on women and children and debates around subsidy versus commercialization approaches. The program reached over 30 million households but funding was discontinued in 2002. It provided important lessons for biomass energy programs.
Given by Heng Sokbil
The second in our series of workshops designed to gather input from stakeholders involved in existing off-grid projects in Africa, Asia and Latin America. This event is workshop scheduled to be held in Malaysia for the ASEAN countries will be organised by the Academy of Sciences Malaysia (ASM) in collaboration with Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS).
The SET4food project aims to enhance the capacity of humanitarian organizations to identify and implement efficient and sustainable energy technologies for food utilization in refugee camps. It will develop guidelines and a decision support system to help select appropriate technologies. Four pilot projects will test and validate these tools. An e-learning platform and in-person trainings will provide technical knowledge to humanitarian staff on energy solutions for cooking, refrigeration, and water purification. The project is led by COOPI and implemented with technical support from Politecnico di Milano over 19 months with ECHO funding.
El documento describe diferentes tipos de gráficas como columna, línea, circular, barra, área, dispersión, cotizaciones, superficie, anillos y burbuja, que pueden usarse para representar datos numéricos y series de tiempo. Cada tipo de gráfica se ilustra con un ejemplo simple de cómo se vería.
La unidad describe cómo crear, abrir y cerrar una base de datos en Access 2010. Para crear una base de datos, se abre Access y se selecciona "Nuevo" para luego especificar el nombre y ubicación. Para cerrar una base de datos, se selecciona "Cerrar base de datos" en Archivo o se cierra Access. Para abrir una base existente, se selecciona "Abrir" en Archivo o se usan las teclas de acceso rápido CTRL+A o ALT+A.
Juan y David obtuvieron la misma calificación de 903 en un examen, mientras que el documento indica que el icono a usar para guardar en un dirve es el que está señalado.
Este documento describe diferentes métodos para crear formularios en Microsoft Access, incluyendo usar el asistente de formularios, crear un formulario vacío, o crear uno automáticamente basado en una tabla. Explica que el asistente de formularios guía al usuario paso a paso en el proceso de creación, y que la vista de diseño permite definir cómo se presentarán los datos en el formulario usando controles.
2016 Online Undergraduate Art Exhibitionidahostate
The document provides information on 20 artworks by 14 different artists. The artworks encompass a variety of mediums including screen print, linocut, plaster, fabric, sculpture, yarn, acrylic, colored pencil, marker, charcoal, photography, printmaking, mixed media, oil painting, ink, and digital multimedia. The sizes of the artworks range from small pieces measuring a few inches to large-scale pieces over 10 feet wide.
The document outlines the 12 steps of Alcoholics Anonymous which are: 1) Admit that change is needed, 2) Come to believe that a power greater than yourself can restore sanity, 3) Admit the exact nature of wrongs to God, yourself, and another person, 4) Be ready to have God remove character defects, 5) Humbly ask God to remove shortcomings, 6) Make a list of all harmed and be willing to make amends, 7) Make direct amends, 8) Seek to improve contact with God through prayer and meditation praying only for knowledge of His will.
This document promotes graphic design services from Deborah Jackson including typography, photography, slide design, event fliers, social media marketing, magazine layout, movie posters, and web design. Deborah Jackson offers a variety of visual design skills and promises great results from hiring her services.
The document provides a summary of Vinothkannan U's experience and qualifications as a Senior Test Analyst. It details his 5 years of experience in manual and agile testing, including expertise in requirements analysis, quality reviews, and testing complex requirements. It lists his technical proficiencies and 5 relevant projects demonstrating experience in functional, regression, and mobile testing across various domains.
Rajeshkanna V has over 7 years of experience as a Software Engineer specializing in avionics and automotive testing. He has extensive experience developing test cases, procedures, and scripts using tools like MATLAB Simulink. He is proficient in requirements management, configuration management, and standards like DO-178B. Rajeshkanna V currently works as an Assistant Manager and has worked on projects for clients such as Rockwell Collins, UTC Aerospace Systems, Bombardier, and Meggitt Control Systems. He holds a B.E. in Computer Science and Engineering and several technical certifications.
Este documento presenta una introducción a los informes en Access y describe cómo crear un informe utilizando el asistente de informes. Explica que los informes sirven para presentar datos de una tabla o consulta de manera que sólo se puedan ver o imprimir, y que permiten agrupar y totalizar la información fácilmente. Detalla los pasos para crear un informe automático, diseñar uno en blanco o usar el asistente de informes, el cual guía el proceso paso a paso.
How did we survive and the neanderthals die out (2)Sumaya Abdi
Modern humans originated in Africa and spread to other parts of the world around 35,000 years ago, while Neanderthals evolved in Europe and western Asia. Both species used tools and fire, built shelters, and buried their dead. However, modern humans had larger brains and formed larger social groups, which helped them outcompete Neanderthals. As modern human populations increased in Europe, they interbred with but ultimately replaced Neanderthals, who went extinct around 30,000 years ago.
This document summarizes how improvisation training helped improve a radiologist's communication skills. It discusses how David Fessell, a radiologist, took improv classes at The Second City which helped him become more comfortable speaking publicly. The training taught him to actively listen, build on others' ideas, and connect emotionally with patients. He believes these skills make him a better doctor and teacher. Fessell is now helping to incorporate improv exercises into his medical school's curriculum to help students communicate more effectively.
This short document appears to be about maintaining a positive attitude and outlook despite difficulties, growing through life experiences, and finding purpose and meaning through spiritual guidance and redemption. The brief phrases reference common religious concepts like becoming innocent or childlike, having a divine protector, suffering and salvation, and finding happiness through hardship.
Azimah Salleh is seeking a senior position in IT or shared services. She has over 15 years of experience in application support and production support roles. Currently she is an Application Support Manager at Scope International, where she leads a team that provides second level support for Standard Chartered Bank's investment systems across Asia Pacific, Middle East and Africa. Previously she held other support roles with increasing responsibilities, including Production Support Manager and Production Support Lead at Scope International and analyst roles at Prudential Services Asia and AmBank Berhad.
This document promotes graphic design services from Deborah Jackson including typography, photography, slide design, event fliers, social media marketing, magazine layout, movie posters, and web design. Deborah Jackson offers a variety of visual design skills and promises greatness will come from hiring her services.
Emprender implica comenzar un proyecto o negocio que puede presentar dificultades o riesgos. Existen diferentes tipos de emprendedores como los intraemprendedores, los que emprenden por necesidad u oportunidad, o los empresarios seriales. Emprender requiere flexibilidad ya que no todo depende del plan de negocio inicial, se debe probar la idea con clientes y construir una marca para competir.
The document provides guidelines on sustainable energy technologies for food utilization in humanitarian contexts and informal settlements. It discusses the importance of energy access for food security and preservation, and introduces a variety of technologies for cooking, food preservation, fuel production, electricity generation, water pumping, and water treatment that are appropriate for these contexts. The aim is to select the most suitable technologies based on local needs and resources.
El documento explica cómo crear, personalizar y guardar tablas de datos en Access. Describe cómo seleccionar un diseño de tabla, definir una clave principal que identifique de forma única cada registro, y guardar la tabla asignándole un nombre.
National Stakeholders sharing sharing workshop on PID and Climate Change Adap...Dr. Joshua Zake
A presentation made during the National stakeholders dialogue on Participatory Innovation Development and Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation, Kampala.
Report by itdUPM.
Alianza Shire is an innovation platform that aims to develop sustainable solutions for the supply of energy in refugee camps
Alianza Shire is formed by Acciona Microenergía Foundation, The Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (AECID), Iberdrola, The Innovation and Technology for Development Centre (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid) and Philips Lighting Spain, with the collaboration of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC)
El documento describe diferentes tipos de gráficas como columna, línea, circular, barra, área, dispersión, cotizaciones, superficie, anillos y burbuja, que pueden usarse para representar datos numéricos y series de tiempo. Cada tipo de gráfica se ilustra con un ejemplo simple de cómo se vería.
La unidad describe cómo crear, abrir y cerrar una base de datos en Access 2010. Para crear una base de datos, se abre Access y se selecciona "Nuevo" para luego especificar el nombre y ubicación. Para cerrar una base de datos, se selecciona "Cerrar base de datos" en Archivo o se cierra Access. Para abrir una base existente, se selecciona "Abrir" en Archivo o se usan las teclas de acceso rápido CTRL+A o ALT+A.
Juan y David obtuvieron la misma calificación de 903 en un examen, mientras que el documento indica que el icono a usar para guardar en un dirve es el que está señalado.
Este documento describe diferentes métodos para crear formularios en Microsoft Access, incluyendo usar el asistente de formularios, crear un formulario vacío, o crear uno automáticamente basado en una tabla. Explica que el asistente de formularios guía al usuario paso a paso en el proceso de creación, y que la vista de diseño permite definir cómo se presentarán los datos en el formulario usando controles.
2016 Online Undergraduate Art Exhibitionidahostate
The document provides information on 20 artworks by 14 different artists. The artworks encompass a variety of mediums including screen print, linocut, plaster, fabric, sculpture, yarn, acrylic, colored pencil, marker, charcoal, photography, printmaking, mixed media, oil painting, ink, and digital multimedia. The sizes of the artworks range from small pieces measuring a few inches to large-scale pieces over 10 feet wide.
The document outlines the 12 steps of Alcoholics Anonymous which are: 1) Admit that change is needed, 2) Come to believe that a power greater than yourself can restore sanity, 3) Admit the exact nature of wrongs to God, yourself, and another person, 4) Be ready to have God remove character defects, 5) Humbly ask God to remove shortcomings, 6) Make a list of all harmed and be willing to make amends, 7) Make direct amends, 8) Seek to improve contact with God through prayer and meditation praying only for knowledge of His will.
This document promotes graphic design services from Deborah Jackson including typography, photography, slide design, event fliers, social media marketing, magazine layout, movie posters, and web design. Deborah Jackson offers a variety of visual design skills and promises great results from hiring her services.
The document provides a summary of Vinothkannan U's experience and qualifications as a Senior Test Analyst. It details his 5 years of experience in manual and agile testing, including expertise in requirements analysis, quality reviews, and testing complex requirements. It lists his technical proficiencies and 5 relevant projects demonstrating experience in functional, regression, and mobile testing across various domains.
Rajeshkanna V has over 7 years of experience as a Software Engineer specializing in avionics and automotive testing. He has extensive experience developing test cases, procedures, and scripts using tools like MATLAB Simulink. He is proficient in requirements management, configuration management, and standards like DO-178B. Rajeshkanna V currently works as an Assistant Manager and has worked on projects for clients such as Rockwell Collins, UTC Aerospace Systems, Bombardier, and Meggitt Control Systems. He holds a B.E. in Computer Science and Engineering and several technical certifications.
Este documento presenta una introducción a los informes en Access y describe cómo crear un informe utilizando el asistente de informes. Explica que los informes sirven para presentar datos de una tabla o consulta de manera que sólo se puedan ver o imprimir, y que permiten agrupar y totalizar la información fácilmente. Detalla los pasos para crear un informe automático, diseñar uno en blanco o usar el asistente de informes, el cual guía el proceso paso a paso.
How did we survive and the neanderthals die out (2)Sumaya Abdi
Modern humans originated in Africa and spread to other parts of the world around 35,000 years ago, while Neanderthals evolved in Europe and western Asia. Both species used tools and fire, built shelters, and buried their dead. However, modern humans had larger brains and formed larger social groups, which helped them outcompete Neanderthals. As modern human populations increased in Europe, they interbred with but ultimately replaced Neanderthals, who went extinct around 30,000 years ago.
This document summarizes how improvisation training helped improve a radiologist's communication skills. It discusses how David Fessell, a radiologist, took improv classes at The Second City which helped him become more comfortable speaking publicly. The training taught him to actively listen, build on others' ideas, and connect emotionally with patients. He believes these skills make him a better doctor and teacher. Fessell is now helping to incorporate improv exercises into his medical school's curriculum to help students communicate more effectively.
This short document appears to be about maintaining a positive attitude and outlook despite difficulties, growing through life experiences, and finding purpose and meaning through spiritual guidance and redemption. The brief phrases reference common religious concepts like becoming innocent or childlike, having a divine protector, suffering and salvation, and finding happiness through hardship.
Azimah Salleh is seeking a senior position in IT or shared services. She has over 15 years of experience in application support and production support roles. Currently she is an Application Support Manager at Scope International, where she leads a team that provides second level support for Standard Chartered Bank's investment systems across Asia Pacific, Middle East and Africa. Previously she held other support roles with increasing responsibilities, including Production Support Manager and Production Support Lead at Scope International and analyst roles at Prudential Services Asia and AmBank Berhad.
This document promotes graphic design services from Deborah Jackson including typography, photography, slide design, event fliers, social media marketing, magazine layout, movie posters, and web design. Deborah Jackson offers a variety of visual design skills and promises greatness will come from hiring her services.
Emprender implica comenzar un proyecto o negocio que puede presentar dificultades o riesgos. Existen diferentes tipos de emprendedores como los intraemprendedores, los que emprenden por necesidad u oportunidad, o los empresarios seriales. Emprender requiere flexibilidad ya que no todo depende del plan de negocio inicial, se debe probar la idea con clientes y construir una marca para competir.
The document provides guidelines on sustainable energy technologies for food utilization in humanitarian contexts and informal settlements. It discusses the importance of energy access for food security and preservation, and introduces a variety of technologies for cooking, food preservation, fuel production, electricity generation, water pumping, and water treatment that are appropriate for these contexts. The aim is to select the most suitable technologies based on local needs and resources.
El documento explica cómo crear, personalizar y guardar tablas de datos en Access. Describe cómo seleccionar un diseño de tabla, definir una clave principal que identifique de forma única cada registro, y guardar la tabla asignándole un nombre.
National Stakeholders sharing sharing workshop on PID and Climate Change Adap...Dr. Joshua Zake
A presentation made during the National stakeholders dialogue on Participatory Innovation Development and Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation, Kampala.
Report by itdUPM.
Alianza Shire is an innovation platform that aims to develop sustainable solutions for the supply of energy in refugee camps
Alianza Shire is formed by Acciona Microenergía Foundation, The Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (AECID), Iberdrola, The Innovation and Technology for Development Centre (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid) and Philips Lighting Spain, with the collaboration of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC)
The document describes a network of local energy communities (LEC) in Italy called Wigwam Circuit that involves 9 municipalities. The objectives are to promote sustainable development through efficient energy use and production from renewable sources like solar, wind, biomass, and energy savings. Citizens and local authorities are key stakeholders. The process involves training municipalities based on the example of Badia Calavena, which gets energy from renewable sources. This helps municipalities produce their own renewable energy and achieve greater energy self-sufficiency by involving citizens.
This document summarizes a study on using biomass gasification to generate decentralized electricity in Malawi. The study collected data on rice production and milling in Malawi to analyze the potential for a rice husk gasification power plant. Field work and laboratory analysis was conducted to characterize the rice husks as fuel. Based on the analysis, a proposed 32kW rice husk gasification power plant in Wowo Village was found to have a positive net present value but a selling price of $0.08/kWh that was considered too high for rural customers. The study concluded that biomass gasification can provide off-grid power where biomass is available but costs need to be reduced for economic viability. It recommended
E2BEBIS - Environmental and Economic Benefits from Biochar Clusters in the Ce...EUDA_ERA
Output from E2Bebis EU project. It highlight the environmental and economic benefits of Environmental from Biochar Clusters
in the Central area of Europe
The document discusses the circular economy concept and policies supporting the transition to a circular economy in Europe. It defines a circular economy as an economic system of closed loops that aims to keep resources in use for as long as possible. The European Commission has adopted an ambitious action plan to stimulate Europe's transition, with goals like recycling 65% of household waste by 2030. Important EU policies include the Circular Economy Package and strategies on plastics and zero waste. However, further international policies are still needed to develop standards, share knowledge, and build coalitions to accelerate the global transition to circularity.
Civil Society Organisations: Promoting Sustainable Consumption and ProductionViktoriya Malyarchuk
Civil Society Organizations can play an important role in promoting sustainable consumption. The document discusses defining sustainable consumption and key problems in Ukraine related to areas like food, housing, and mobility. It provides ideas for CSOs to encourage sustainable consumption at the individual, local, and national levels through demonstration projects, partnerships, advocacy, and empowering citizens. The experience of organization MAMA-86 is shared, which promotes sustainable agriculture, efficient housing, and environmental education through projects that reduce utility costs, involve communities, and develop green technology databases. CSOs are encouraged to start participation processes, find creative demonstration tools, and maintain motivation to drive sustainable consumption changes
Exploring energy futures for remote Australian communitiesNinti_One
This document discusses a CSIRO project exploring innovative energy practices for remote Australian communities. It examines how people currently use and save energy in remote areas, how these practices may be affected by different future scenarios, and what implications this has for policy. The project involves participatory workshops to develop a collaborative understanding of how alternative energy systems could impact livability. It considers key uncertainties around social, economic, technological and policy drivers that may influence future energy solutions for remote housing, enterprises and transportation. Scenario planning is proposed to explore how different visions and practices may play out under a range of futures. The implications will inform sustainable energy strategies for remote Australian settlements.
The CryoHub project will develop and investigate large-scale cryogenic energy storage at refrigerated warehouses and food factories. The project will store renewable energy in the form of cryogenic gases, then use the stored cryogen to partially refrigerate facilities while also generating electricity to return to the power grid during peak demand. This will help balance the grid, increase renewable energy usage, and reduce peak power demand. The project is funded by the EU Horizon 2020 program and involves 14 partners across Europe.
Circular economy - a new paradigm in manufacutringRanjani491
The document discusses the linear "take-make-waste" model of production and consumption that has dominated the last 150 years. This linear model is unsustainable as it depletes natural resources and produces large amounts of waste. The document introduces circular economy as an alternative model that aims to eliminate waste and the use of toxic chemicals, be powered by renewable energy, and design products to be reused and recycled to keep resources in use for as long as possible. It provides examples of companies implementing circular economy principles and argues that the circular model represents significant opportunities for cost savings, risk mitigation, innovation and job creation compared to the linear economy.
Techno- economics analysis of microalgal biomass production in a 1 ha green W...Alejandro Roldan
This document provides a techno-economic analysis of microalgal biomass production using Green Wall Panel (GWP) photobioreactors in a 1-ha plant. The analysis finds that Tetraselmis suecica microalgal biomass can be produced at a cost of €12.4 per kg at a productivity of 36 tonnes per year in the 1-ha plant located in Tuscany, Italy. At a 100-ha scale and in more favorable climatic conditions such as in Tunisia, the cost could be reduced to €5.1 per kg and €3.2 per kg respectively, due to economies of scale and higher productivity. The major cost factors are labor for the 1-
This document summarizes research by UNEP on district energy systems in cities. It finds that district energy can help cities lower emissions and energy use. Over 45 cities were surveyed that use district energy successfully. Key benefits identified include reduced greenhouse gas emissions, lowered energy demand, and decreased air pollution. Barriers to wider adoption include lack of data, high costs, and regulations that disadvantage district energy. However, cities are taking measures like integrated planning, financial incentives, and mandates to support district energy growth. Local governments play an important role through policies that facilitate infrastructure, investment, and demonstration projects.
DLV Belgium: activities in Anaerobic DigestionDLV Belgium
We are independent advisors, with a vast experience in environmental, biogas and biomass solutions. This slideshare shows a bit of our company and a lot of the projects of our clients. You'll also find some innovation projects that we are doing. Feel free to contact us to know more about what we can do for you!
This document outlines a collaboration between the National Bio Resource Centre (NBS) and the Quaid-i-Azam University (QAU) to promote issue-based research for socio-economic prosperity through the establishment of a bio resource center. The objectives are to fulfill corporate social responsibility, establish a bio resource center demonstrating agro-tech practices, coordinate research between organizations, and support innovative ideas. Activities include wastewater treatment, integrated farming, and introducing technologies like beekeeping and vermicomposting. NBS requests land from QAU to sustain the program and establish the bio resource center. Reports of previous bio-remediation projects and ongoing projects are also included.
1. The document proposes Agri-Parks and Agri-Hubs as cooperatives that apply agroecology principles to sustainably meet food, fuel, and fiber needs locally.
2. Agri-Hubs would be centered around four pillars of sustainable development and consist of clustered agroecology activities managed by skilled local cooperatives.
3. They would provide training, production, processing, marketing and other services to members and the community while promoting environmental restoration, self-sufficiency, and social well-being.
The document provides an introduction to challenges faced by carbon-based economies and the need for sustainable energy transitions. It discusses how climate change from greenhouse gas emissions threatens human well-being and socioeconomic development. While global CO2 emissions have recently stagnated, more action is needed to limit global warming below 2°C as agreed upon in the Paris Agreement. Renewable energy and energy efficiency can significantly reduce emissions by 2030 and help achieve climate targets, but ambitious implementation is required. Sustainable Development Goals also aim to raise awareness of climate change's multidimensional impacts on issues like poverty and health.
The document discusses circular economy and performance economy models. It defines a circular economy as closed resource loops within a regional economy through reuse and recycling. A performance economy involves selling goods as services by retaining ownership of products and resources. The document outlines several benefits of these models including job creation, reduced emissions and waste, and decoupling economic growth from resource use. Sustainable taxation and framework conditions that do not penalize reuse activities are presented as ways to further encourage circular business models.
SAFE Webinar I: Overview of Terminology, Cross-cutting Issues, Challenges and...FAO
More than a third of the world's population relies on traditional fuels — wood, coal, animal dung, and agricultural waste — for their energy needs, including cooking their meals, heating their homes, and lighting their communities. The challenges they face in accessing clean energy are numerous, often dangerous and unsustainable, particularly during complex emergencies and protracted crises.
Safe and sustainable access to energy is being increasingly recognized as a human right — essential for the safety, well-being, and productivity of the people the humanitarian community serves. It is also essential for social and economic development, offering opportunities for improved lives and economic progress.
The series of webinars will present how Safe Access to Fuel and Energy (SAFE) and similar initiatives address this multi-sectoral issue by working to ensure access to fuel and energy for cooking, heating, lighting, and powering for crisis-affected populations. The events will also highlight the synergies and multi-stakeholder approach of these initiatives by inviting key partners to present their role and experience in addressing energy access in emergencies and protracted crises.
The first SAFE webinar will present key concepts and terms related to energy in emergencies and protracted crises, the multi-sectoral risks and challenges associated with the collection and use of traditional biomass fuels and how organizations are coordinating and working together to build resilience by responding to the energy needs of affected populations.
The webinar covers:
• The linkages between energy and food security, nutrition, environment, gender, women’s protection, health and livelihoods as well as other aspects;
• The research and pilot projects implemented through the Moving Energy Initiative led by Chatham House and DFID to help ensure safe and sustainable energy access for displaced populations;
• The inter-agency Safe Access to Fuel and Energy (SAFE) Humanitarian Working Group and the Set4Food project which bring various stakeholders together in order to raise awareness, establish knowledge-sharing platforms, address energy-related challenges and identify solutions in emergencies and protracted crises.
This document outlines European priorities for resource efficiency, including establishing a circular economy with sustainable management of natural resources, climate services, and nature-based solutions. The priorities aim to promote innovation, economic growth, and environmental protection. Key focus areas are transitioning to a circular economy model for waste, water, and raw materials management, building climate services capacity, and integrating nature-based solutions into urban areas. National contact points will support applicants in applying for relevant Horizon 2020 funding.
Innovate UK Future Worlds Event - Material World – Ewa Bloch
SET4food_report on outputs
1. www.set4food.org
SET4food project
The project: Sustainable energy technologies for food utilization (SET4food)
Duration: from 01/06/2014 to 31/12/2015 (19 months)
Implementing partners: COOPI – Cooperazione Internazionale, Politecnico di Milano and Fondazione
Politecnico di Milano
Funding: co-funded by the European Commission's Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection (ECHO), and
the implementing partners
Objective: to enhance the response capacity of humanitarian actors in identifying and implementing
efficient and sustainable energy technologies for food utilization
Main activities: all the activities aimed to contribute to make energy utilization in camps and informal
settlements more efficient and sustainable. The project’s beneficiaries were humanitarian actors –
including both operators and organizations –, in order to make them more effective to support food security
among displaced people, as refugees and internally displaced people. In practice, the objective was
addressed with three groups of activities:
- Practical tools were developed, in order to support design and field implementation of
humanitarian regarding energy-related issues;
- Pilot projects tested both the tools developed and innovative energy solutions. They collected
useful indications and proposed recommendations to facilitate the successful implementation of
new technologies and approaches in contexts of people displacement;
- Training and dissemination activities were implemented at different levels, in order to sensitize
and build the capacity of humanitarian actors.
2. www.set4food.org
Tools for humanitarian actors
Decision support system (DSS) to identify potentially appropriate energy technologies for food utilization,
given a certain context of people displacement. The five available modules deal with: 1) food cooking; 2)
food preservation; 3) power generation; 4) water pumping; and 5) water treatment. A dedicated handbook
facilitates the DSS use and its application in real cases. DSS and handbook are available in English,
French and Spanish on www.set4food.org.
Guidelines on sustainable energy technologies for food utilization in
humanitarian contexts and informal settlements. This publication introduces the
topics considered by the DSS modules (i.e. food cooking, food preservation,
power generation, water pumping, water treatment), and provide a general
overview and a detailed description of all the technologies potentially of interested
for humanitarian assistance. Technologies are described with technical sheets,
references, examples of field application, and practical recommendations, and
compared through a SWOT analysis. Practical examples of field innovation in
humanitarian contexts are described, as well as recommendations and lessons
learnt from the SET4food pilot projects. The guidelines are available in English,
French and Spanish on www.set4food.org.
E-learning course about “Appropriate energy
technologies for food utilization in refugee camps
and informal settlements: overview, selection
criteria and pilot case studies”. It is composed of 5
modules with videos, slides, additional resources
and quizzes. The course is available in English,
French and Spanish on www.set4food.org.
3. www.set4food.org
Pilot project activities
Pilot projects in different countries – Central African Republic, Haiti, Lebanon and Somalia – were
implemented to test both the DSS logical framework, and innovative solutions for people displacement.
Both refuges and IDPs, in both camps and informal settlements, were targeted.
Several innovative solutions were tested, including new energy technologies and approaches to make food
utilization practices more sustainable, reliable and inclusive. Data were collected in order to identify both
PROs and CONs of these solutions, and develop recommendation and useful indications for dissemination
and scale-up. When applicable, some relevant parameters (e.g. reduction in fuel consumption or
expenditure for water purification) were calculated to provide a benchmark.
Technical sheets of relevant innovative solutions implemented are attached. These solutions are:
- Pot-skirt for gas burner – implemented in Lebanon;
- Movable standalone electric system with thermoelectric fridge – implemented in Lebanon;
- Hybrid solar/wind power system with multi-compartment refrigerators – implemented in Lebanon;
- Improved cookstoves in rural and remote areas – implemented in Central African Republic;
- Locally-made solar refrigerator (SPARK model) – implemented in Haiti;
- Comparison of water filters for household water treatment and safe storage (HWTS) – implemented
in Haiti.
It is important to remark that the cost of these solutions – reported in the technical sheets – can greatly
vary according to the local context. However, these solutions could be implemented with a reduced cost if
included in a full-scale programme or exploring alternative procurement/contracting solutions.
The full list of technologies implemented is reported in the following table:
4. www.set4food.org
Country and
beneficiaries
Municipality and type of
settlement
Households
(people)
covered Technologies
Lebanon
Syrianrefugees
Kfarsaroun
(informal settlement)
13 households covered
13 (82)
13 moveable standalone photovoltaic systems in DC for indoor and
outdoor lighting and to power 13 small thermoelectric fridges (20-25
litres each)
12 potskirts for gas burners
13 water purification systems with UV lamps integrated (Steripens)
Deddeh
(informal settlement)
100 hh covered
(out of 149 hh with 670
people in the settlement)
100 (450)
One hybrid solar/wind system providing energy to 7 multi-
compartment refrigerators equipped with eutectic plates (each
refrigerator with 8 compartments)
Kfarsaroun
(informal settlement)
16 hh, all covered
16 (82) 16 vacuum sealers with hand-pump and 30 bags each
11 (60) 11 micro-gasifiers (ELSA cookstoves)
Btouratij
(informal settlement)
9 hh, all covered
9 (49)
9 vacuum sealers with hand-pump and 30 bags each
9 micro-gasifiers (ELSA cookstoves)
Somalia
IDPs
Mogadishu,
21 October camp
(camp)
315 hh covered
(out of 900 hh in the
camp)
75 (449)
3 standalone photovoltaic systems in DC for indoor and outdoor
lighting and to power 3 solar fridges used in sharing mode (25 families
each)
180 (773)
99 improved cookstoves (1 locally-made and 2 commercial models):
- 90 (30 per model) in sharing mode (2 families each)
- 9 (3 per model) for demonstrative purposes
60 (315)
60 water purification systems for household water treatment and
safe storage (LifeStraw – Family 2.0; Tulip – Siphon)
CentralAfricanRepublic
Congoleserefugees
Zemio
(camp)
230 hh covered
(out of 1251 hh in the
camp)
88 (282)
2 standalone photovoltaic systems (different PV technologies) in
AC for indoor and outdoor lighting and to power 4 standard
refrigerators and 1 freezer used in sharing mode (totally 108 families
= 100 beneficiaries + 8 in the management board)
*
4 locally-made root cellars (using cold bricks produced by freezers)
1 improved smoking device (adapted charcoal improved cookstove)
1 improved locally-made solar dryier
100 (320)
100 improved cookstoves (30 locally-made and 70 commercial)
working with biomass (including firewood)
30 (96) 30 solar lanterns (D.Light S2)
Haiti
IDPs
Port-au-Prince,
St. Etienne 1 and 2
(camps)
24 hh covered
(out of 202 hh in the
camps)
24 (120)
3 standalone photovoltaic systems in DC to power 6 locally-made
fridges (500 liters capacity) used in sharing mode (4 families each) –
SPARK model
Port-au-Prince,
Villambetta
(informal settlement)
217 hh, all covered
217 (1,085)
217 water purification systems for household water treatment and
safe storage (LifeStraw – Family 2.0; LifeSaver – Jerrycan; Tulip –
Table Top; Grifaid – Family Aquafilter; Sawyer – Point-One-Filter)
TOTAL 912 (4,103)
5. www.set4food.org
Training and dissemination activities
The SET4food website (link) and a
dedicated Youtube channel (link) make
all the materials produced easily available
for all, including interviews, videos and
recordings of public events. The website
also introduces the SET4food project and
provides a detailed description of the
implementation of the pilot projects. It is in
English, French and Spanish.
Technical workshops were carried out in the framework of Master courses in Development and
Cooperation in Colombia, Italy, Kenya, Nepal and Palestine. These workshops were open also to
humanitarian actors, academic staff, local authorities and private companies.
Public events were organized in Milan – during EXPO 2015 –, in Washington, and in Brussels.
Specific presentations were carried out for various humanitarian actors and institutions, as the global
Food Security Cluster (gFSC), the Safe Access to Fuel and Energy Humanitarian Working Group (SAFE
WG), UNHCR, and USAID. The SET4food project linked with the most relevant humanitarian actors and
coordination mechanisms, promoting an effective and open process of knowledge sharing and
collaboration.
6. www.set4food.org
Pot skirt for gas burners
A pot skirt is a simple round piece of metal which is placed at the top of the combustion chamber where the
flames are in contact with the bottom of the pot. It encloses the pot and forces the flame and hot gases to
its sides. This model completely encloses the gas burner and the pot, is made of iron covered with
insulating material (e.g. rock wool fixed with adhesive tape). Three perforated disks adapt the pot skirt to
the pot. This solution is innovative because pot skirts are usually applied only to cookstoves fuelled with
biomass (either firewood or charcoal). It is a technology innovation.
Location of implementation: Lebanon, Koura District, Kfarsaroun
Users: 13 households (82 people) of Syrian refugees living in an informal settlement
7. www.set4food.org
PROs: this pot skirt directs the flame and hot gases close to the pot, resulting in an improved heat transfer.
Fuel consumption and emissions are reduced, especially cooking outdoor, as the flame is less affected by
wind. The insulation prevent children from being burnt by touching either the burner or the pot. It is locally
made with material and skills available almost everywhere.
CONs: refugees utilize burners and pots of different sizes, thus it is impossible to set a standard measure
of the pot skirt. Therefore theoretically the distance between the pot and the pot skirt can be reduced, and
the heat transfer improved.
COST: about 22 USD per pot-skirt.
Indicator Value Definition Notes
Data
coverage
38%
It indicates the percentage of
households providing regular data
throughout the monitoring period. Only
data about this percentage are
considered for indicators calculation
It can be considered a proxy of data
representativeness
Technology
acceptance
Good
Frequency of use of a certain
technology, compared to the expected
one, is used as a proxy for the
evaluation of this indicator. The
indicator assumes a value on a three-
level scale (Low/none; Middle; Good)
This indicator is calculated on households
providing adequate data, but also other
households may use the technology. It can be
considered a proxy of technology effectiveness
for a certain context
Appropriate
usage
Good
It indicates if a certain technology is
used according to the specifications,
exploiting its potentialities in a three-
level scale (Low/none; Middle; Good)
This indicator is calculated on households
providing adequate data. A low level of
appropriate usage can be motivated by either
little understanding of the technology or
inadequate resources and conditions to fully use
it. Under some conditions, this indicator can be a
proxy of technology appropriateness
8. www.set4food.org
Movable standalone electric system
with thermoelectric fridge
This solution is a very simple and movable electrical system – powered by sunlight – providing energy to
4 lights and a small thermoelectric refrigerator. It was installed by a local company with components
already available on the Lebanese market. The electrical system is composed by 2 photovoltaic panels
(100 W each one), a 100Ah@12V battery, charge controller and a fuse for system’s and users’ safety.
Devices and fittings can be easily removed, transported and re-installed somewhere else. The system
powers 4 LED lights (5 W each one) for indoor and outdoor lights, and a thermoelectric refrigerator (like
the ones in caravans or boats) with a 24 l capacity. It is a technology innovation.
Location of implementation: Lebanon, Koura District, Kfarsaroun
Users: 13 households (82 people) of Syrian refugees living in an informal settlement
9. www.set4food.org
PROs: this system is easy-to-install, assembling simple items generally available on market. These
devices are fixed with screws and bolts, thus are quite easy to remove, transported and re-installed in a
different place. Both lights and thermoelectric refrigerators are not very energy-demanding and can be
effectively used even with cloudy weather. Lights improve quality of life, increasing and supporting
activities in the evening and night (e.g. study, breastfeeding, housekeeping), and giving an improved
perception of safety. The refrigerator improves food preservation, saving money. Moreover, some
households consider the food safer and healthier to consume.
CONs: the system requires technical expertise for design, selection of components and installation.
Electrical devices cannot be handled carelessly, and attention should be paid to operation and
maintenance. Especially refrigerators should be protected from dust and misuses. Thermoelectric
refrigerators have a limited refrigerating power, and cannot freeze.
COST: about 1,070 USD per electrical system.
Indicator Value Definition Notes
Data
coverage
38%
It indicates the percentage of
households providing regular data
throughout the monitoring period. Only
data about this percentage are
considered for indicators calculation
It can be considered a proxy of data
representativeness
Technology
acceptance
Middle
Frequency of use of a certain
technology, compared to the expected
one, is used as a proxy for the
evaluation of this indicator. The
indicator assumes a value on a three-
level scale (Low/none; Middle; Good)
This indicator is calculated on households
providing adequate data, but also other
households may use the technology. It can be
considered a proxy of technology effectiveness
for a certain context
Appropriate
usage
Middle
It indicates if a certain technology is
used according to the specifications,
exploiting its potentialities in a three-
level scale (Low/none; Middle; Good)
This indicator is calculated on households
providing adequate data. A low level of
appropriate usage can be motivated by either
little understanding of the technology or
inadequate resources and conditions to fully use
it. Under some conditions, this indicator can be a
proxy of technology appropriateness
According to data collected, fridges were used to preserve especially some types of food, for a limited
amount of time. It was mainly due to a limited food availability, but also a certain unfamiliarity with food
refrigeration played a role. Indeed, potential of this technology was not fully exploited by the users.
10. www.set4food.org
Hybrid solar/wind power system with multi-
compartment refrigerators
This solution is a simple microgrid – powered by photovoltaic panels and a wind turbine – proving energy
to 7 refrigerators, each of them with 8 lockable compartments. It was installed by a local company with
components already available on the Lebanese market.
The electrical system is composed by 24 photovoltaic panels (260 W each one, totally 6.2 kW), a 2.5
kW wind turbine, a 40 kWh battery bank, charge controllers, inverters, isolators, circuit breakers and
other devices to protect the system’s and users’ safety. A real-time monitoring system collects data about
power generation and consumption, and share them online through a dedicated web platform.
Every refrigerator has a total capacity of 700 l, thus about 85 l per each of the 8 lockable compartments.
Every refrigerator was designed to have a power absorption of 350 W, and a maximum power consumption
in standard testing conditions (STC) of 3,600 Wh/day. They were supposed to be equipped with eutectic
plates for static cooling (i.e. to keep the internal temperature constant for some hours in case of
energy shortage). Actually, these technical requirements could not be fully tested on the field.
This solution is innovative because: 1) the electrical system is completely based on renewable sources,
combining the characteristic of both solar and wind energy; 2) refrigerators are design to work in hard
conditions, including shortage of power; 3) refrigerators have compartments to guarantee a safe and
personal use to a large number of households: they combine benefits of both a community installation and
a device used at the household level; and 4) the entire system is tailored to successfully integrate the loads
(i.e. refrigerators) with renewable energy sources, minimizing the drawbacks. It is a technology
innovation.
11. www.set4food.org
Location of implementation: Lebanon, Koura District, Deddeh, Waha Center.
Users: 100 households (450 people) of Syrian refugees living in a large informal settlement (149
households for a total of 670 people).
PROs: a household can benefit from their own refrigeration space, and other households can neither
access nor see what it is stored. Despite the deterioration of Syrian dietary diversity at the household level
due to the reduction of the value of food vouchers, pregnant and lactating women demonstrated to
improve dietary diversification due to the use of refrigerators. The use of a micro-grid and a set of
refrigerators in a community-like approach is particularly efficient from an energy point of view, and
simplifies the operation and maintenance of the system, with only few simple operations required.
CONs: the system is owned by the refugee community – with formal supervision of the city Major –, thus a
management committee is in charge of maintenance. Such a community is not static, because
households in the informal settlement may change, affecting the system management. The system can
only partially cover people’s energy needs. In particular, the use of electricity has to be regulated and
limited, in order to avoid any abuse and prevent refugees from provoking frequent system’s collapses.
Finally design and implementation of a similar system in a context of people displacement is pretty difficult,
due to the lack of weather historical data, benchmarks and unstable conditions. Moreover, locally available
material and expertise are not always available, and only partially reliable.
COST: 78,710 USD for the entire system.
12. www.set4food.org
Indicator Value Definition Notes
Data
coverage
25%
It indicates the percentage of
households providing regular data
throughout the monitoring period. Only
data about this percentage are
considered for indicators calculation
It can be considered a proxy of data
representativeness
Technology
acceptance
Good
Frequency of use of a certain
technology, compared to the expected
one, is used as a proxy for the
evaluation of this indicator. The indicator
assumes a value on a three-level scale
(Low/none; Middle; Good)
This indicator is calculated on households
providing adequate data, but also other
households may use the technology. It can
be considered a proxy of technology
effectiveness for a certain context
Appropriate
usage
Middle
It indicates if a certain technology is
used according to the specifications,
exploiting its potentialities in a three-
level scale (Low/none; Middle; Good)
This indicator is calculated on households
providing adequate data. A low level of
appropriate usage can be motivated by either
little understanding of the technology or
inadequate resources and conditions to fully
use it. Under some conditions, this indicator
can be a proxy of technology
appropriateness
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
The electrical system is able to cope with different situations, due to specific weather conditions or usage
profiles of refrigerators. In particular, 3 typical scenarios are hereafter described, with the relative behaviour
of the system.
Scenario 1: the system is regularly powered. Electrical loads, that is the refrigerators (red lines), are
between 0.5 and 2.4 kW (hourly average), with pretty low average values and peak values in particular
moments of the day. Green lines indicate energy production from wind. Voltage of the battery bank (yellow)
is higher during daytime – due to photovoltaic production – and has a discharge trend during the night. In
windy days, such a discharge is not reported due to the wind contribution.
13. www.set4food.org
Scenario 2: electrical loads (red lines) are more energy demanding, with peak values of 3 kW. They are
focused in the afternoon probably due to some unexpected loads (e.g. connection of other devices).
Energy demand in this scenario is higher than the daily energy production. During the night, the battery
bank achieves the minimum voltage drop limit, and automatically disconnects all the loads (refrigerators do
not receive any energy). In early morning, when the sun starts shining, the loads are automatically
connected again and work properly. Therefore, refrigerators are disconnected for some hours during the
night. The impact on the refrigerators’ internal temperature is limited, due to both the limitedness of power
interruptions, and the contribution of the eutectic plates installed.
Scenario 3: electrical loads follow the predicted trend, with a quite regular energy demand and close to 0.8
– 1 kW. This energy profile is likely due to a normal use and operation of refrigerators. No power
interruption is reported, that is the battery bank can manage the night energy demand with the energy
stored during the day, as shown by the voltage trend (yellow line).
14. www.set4food.org
REFRIGERATORS
Note: the system was upgraded in December 2015, increasing both power generation (i.e. the number of
solar panels) and power storage (i.e. the number of batteries). The final setup is the one previously
described. The upgrade was motivated by the fact that some components were probably not as efficient as
expected, and local conditions – especially the temperature in summer – and the refugees’ pattern of use
were particularly stressful for the system. The upgrade allowed the system to improve its performance and
effectively cope with particular situations (e.g. high peak loads, high temperature), as confirmed in the
following months (i.e. January and February 2016). However, the system should be tested in hard weather
conditions – especially in summer – to get further indications. Finally, the system was not designed for
other purposes (e.g. lighting and to power other devices), thus unexpected uses are particularly stressful
for the system and endanger its operation. Unexpected uses were reported during the monitoring period.
Note: These charts refer to the period before the system upgrade. In this period, refrigerators’ internal
temperature was not as low as expected, thus majority of households were used to preserve only water
and bread. In particular, cold water was particularly requested and appreciated during the summer.
15. www.set4food.org
Outcome on nutrition
Dietary diversity was assessed as proxy of the outcome of the use of refrigerators on people’s nutritional
intake. In the monitored period, the household dietary diversity score (HDDS) – that indicates the diversity
of food items consumed by all the household members at home – decreased due to the reduction of the
value of food vouchers distributed to Syrian refugees. In the same period, the women dietary diversity
score (WDDS) – that indicates the diversity of food items consumed by pregnant and lactating women –
seems to show an increasing trend. This is confirmed by the ladies, which reported that refrigerators allow
them to store food for a longer period in a safer and healthier way. Also food leftovers can be preserved,
and are generally consumed later on by women at home and children, improving their dietary
diversification. It is interesting to notice that such an improvement was not perceived, in particular because
the focus is on the household, and because of the worsening due to reduced purchasing power. Finally,
some households reported that the use of refrigerators changed composition and frequency of grocery
shopping, and it had a positive impact on family expenditures.
Household dietary diversity score (HDDS) Women dietary diversity score (WDDS)
From 19/05/2015 To 18/12/2015 From 19/05/2015 To 18/12/2015
min 4 min 4 min 2 min 3
max 9 max 6 max 5 max 5
average 6.5 average 4.8 average 3.0 average 3.7
Remark: HDSS and WDDS are differently calculated. Error bars show the maximum and minimum scores
reported.
16. www.set4food.org
Improved cookstoves in rural and remote areas
Improved cookstoves (ICSs) are devices able to improve combustion, resulting in fuel saving, reduced
emissions of harmful gases and sometimes shortened cooking time. Consequently, also CO2 emissions
are reduced. Several models are available and vary according to location, use (e.g. household, large
facility as schools or hospitals) and fuel they are designed for. Theoretically, they can be manufactured
almost everywhere, due to the fact that they can be made of various materials. Unfortunately, in rural and
remote areas, especially in unstable countries, material and skill required are generally missing. In the
Congolese refugee camp of Zemio, in Central African Republic (CAR), two models were distributed and
tested: a model of ICS produced by a world-famous brand – imported from Kenya – and a locally-made
ICS produced in Bangui, the CAR capital city. This solution is a field testing of technology innovation.
Location of implementation: Central African Republic, Haut-Mbomou prefecture, Zemio refugee camp
Users: 100 households (320 people) of Congolese refugees
17. www.set4food.org
PROs: both the models were introduced very easily and were very appreciated. People immediately
perceived the reduction of fuel consumption, and consequently time for wood collection and/or money for
those used to pay for it.
CONs: beneficiaries initially considered the locally-made model more robust, but later they changed their
mind due to the experience. Indeed, people perception and experience are very important for a successful
introduction and an effective use of ICSs. Logistical aspects were particularly complicated due to the lack
of a local dealer and very poor infrastructures available in CAR. Import, custom clearance and shipping
were a serious challenge.
COST: about 174 USD per imported cookstove (including shipping up to Bangui), 20 USD for cookstoves
made in Bangui. Shipping to Zemio is excluded.
Indicator Value Definition Notes
Data
coverage
40%
It indicates the percentage of
households providing regular data
throughout the monitoring period. Only
data about this percentage are
considered for indicators calculation
It can be considered a proxy of data
representativeness
Technology
acceptance
Good
Frequency of use of a certain
technology, compared to the expected
one, is used as a proxy for the
evaluation of this indicator. The
indicator assumes a value on a three-
level scale (Low/none; Middle; Good)
This indicator is calculated on households
providing adequate data, but also other
households may use the technology. It can be
considered a proxy of technology effectiveness
for a certain context
Appropriate
usage
Good
It indicates if a certain technology is
used according to the specifications,
exploiting its potentialities in a three-
level scale (Low/none; Middle; Good)
This indicator is calculated on households
providing adequate data. A low level of
appropriate usage can be motivated by either
little understanding of the technology or
inadequate resources and conditions to fully use
it. Under some conditions, this indicator can be a
proxy of technology appropriateness
Daily household fuel
consumption
Daily household time for wood
collection
Daily household total
Cost of wood
3-stone fire
[kg/d]
ICS
[kg/d] Variation
3-stone fire
[min/d]
ICS
[min/d] Variation
3-stone fire
[USD/d]
ICS
[USD] Variation
13.2 5.4 - 58.8% 100 46 - 53.6% 0.33 0.24 - 28.7%
Note: fuel consumption strongly depends on cooking practices, including the use of the cookstove.
Beneficiaries declared that imported ICSs had better performances, while collected data indicated that
local ICSs consumed a slightly smaller amount of fuel. However, beneficiaries agreed on a strongly
reduced fuel consumption of both the models compared to 3-stone fire.
18. www.set4food.org
Locally-made solar refrigerator (SPARK model)
The Solar Photovoltaic Adaptable Refrigeration Kit (SPARK) was designed by Politecnico di Milano to
allow communities to assemble refrigerators using local materials. The electric and mechanical parts, that
is a compressor (with a thermostat), a roll-bond evaporator pre-charged with refrigerant, and plug-in
connectors for the refrigerant circuit, are provided in a compact kit that can be shipped almost everywhere.
On the other hand, photovoltaic panels can be locally purchased, and the body is locally constructed. For
pilot testing in Haiti, a carpenter was hired to build the refrigerator body – made of plywood –, providing
internal insulation with an aluminium foil and polystyrene (insulating glue was not available). A metallic
cage divided the refrigerated room in compartments, to facilitate the use by different households.
Theoretically this refrigerator could work without any battery, however one was included because it was the
first field testing of the SPARK (another field test was taking place in Cameroon). In total, 6 refrigerators
were assembled, each of them composed of 2 kits, with a photovoltaic panel (250 W), a battery
(100Ah@12V) and a charge controller. Each refrigerator has a 500 liters capacity and 4 lockable
compartments (one per family). Small buildings were built to house two refrigerators, and make it easy and
safe to access for the households. This solution is a technology innovation.
Location of implementation: Haiti, Port-au-Prince, St. Etienne 1 and St. Etienne 2 IDP camps
Users: 24 households (120 people) of IDPs
19. www.set4food.org
PROs: households can benefit of their own refrigerated room. Design is flexible, scalable and can be
tailored on material available and needs. Refrigerators are independent from energy supply from the grid or
generators and theoretically long-lasting. Some households thought about the possibility to start new
income generating activities, and majority of them perceived nutritional improvements of their diet due to
the introduction of the fridge.
CONs: local carpenter was not expert in the manufacture of such a kind of structures, thus production took
time and supervision. Different materials could potentially be used, including secondary material, but some
items were hard to find in Port-au-Prince (e.g. for insulation). One of the filters presented some technical
problems, probably due to the electrical devices, resulting in a temperature higher than expected. Each
fridge is owned by a group of households, but singularly used by each of them: a specific management has
to be tailored on the households involved. Some of the households do not regularly have food leftovers or
extra food to preserve. Others took some time before starting using the refrigerator.
COST: about 2,467 USD per refrigerator + 1,818 per small building (housing two refrigerators).
Indicator Value Definition Notes
Data
coverage
100%
It indicates the percentage of
households providing regular data
throughout the monitoring period. Only
data about this percentage are
considered for indicators calculation
It can be considered a proxy of data
representativeness
Technology
acceptance
Good
Frequency of use of a certain
technology, compared to the expected
one, is used as a proxy for the
evaluation of this indicator. The
indicator assumes a value on a three-
level scale (Low/none; Middle; Good)
This indicator is calculated on households
providing adequate data, but also other
households may use the technology. It can be
considered a proxy of technology effectiveness for
a certain context
Appropriate
usage
Middle
It indicates if a certain technology is
used according to the specifications,
exploiting its potentialities in a three-
level scale (Low/none; Middle; Good)
This indicator is calculated on households
providing adequate data. A low level of appropriate
usage can be motivated by either little
understanding of the technology or inadequate
resources and conditions to fully use it. Under
some conditions, this indicator can be a proxy of
technology appropriateness
Refrigerator temperature: 6-10 °C
Food usually preserved: vegetables (e.g. carrots, onions, potatoes, sweet potatoes, tomatoes, egg
plants, cabbage, leek, sweet pepper), fruits (e.g. papaya, oranges, shadek – a sort of local grapefruit),
water and juice.
Bright spots:
- Ms. Anne (fancy name), one of the beneficiaries, started using part of her compartment to improve
her business. In particular every day she was used to buy two packets of sausage and 3 kg of ice to
conserve them, and sell them in the community. She was also used to buy pieces of bread and sell
them with spread mamba (Haitian peanut butter). After the introduction of the refrigerator, she
stopped buying ice, and could purchase more bread, expanding her second business. She started
earning some extra money, and studying how the business could be expanded.
- Ms. Jane (fancy name) started her own private garden thanks to a project implemented by a
different NGO. She could produce different varieties of leaf vegetables, as spinach. The introduction
of the refrigerator allows her to preserve such vegetables better and for a longer period.
20. www.set4food.org
Comparison of water filters for
household water treatment and safe storage (HWTS)
5 different models of water filters were tested on the field with households of internally displaced people
(IDPs). All of them can guarantee water treatment at the household level – that is at the point-of-use – and
the minimization of the risk of recontamination: treated water is either safely stored in a sealed tank or
ready for immediate consumption. The filters tested are produced by world-famous brands, and meet the
highest standards of water purification. Some were already available on the field – due to the presence of
local dealers -, while the others were imported. All the suppliers provided a certain warranty, material for
initial capacity building and post-sale support, at least remotely. Households gave their opinion on the
effectiveness, practicality and convenience of the filters from their own point of view, thus considering
specific local conditions and different patterns of use. This intervention was a field testing of technology
innovation.
Product
Molecular weight
cut-off
(MWCO)
Tank for
raw water
Tank for
treated water
Cost
(USD) Procurement Picture
Saywer
PointONE Filter
with bucket
adapter kit
LINK
100 nm
(0.1 µm)
Yes
(not
included)
Yes
(not included,
usually not
considered)
103
(buckets
and
support
stand
included)
Locally
available
LifeStraw
Family 2.0
LINK
20 nm
(0.02 µm)
Yes Yes 75 Locally
available
Grifaid
Family
Aquafilter
LINK
10 nm
(0.01 µm)
Yes
(not
included)
No
(treatment
immediately
before the use)
54
(bucce
included)
Imported
Tulip
Table Top
LINK
Ceramic filter
(diatomaceous
earth treated with
nanosilver)
Yes Yes 20 Locally
available
LIFESAVER
Jerrycan
LINK
15 nm
(0.015 µm)
Yes No
(treatment
immediately
before the use)
94.20 Imported
21. www.set4food.org
Location of implementation: Haiti, Port-au-Prince, Villambetta IDP informal settlement
Users: 217 households (1.085 people) of IDPs
PROs: in general, these filters are particularly easy to use, and appreciated by people. People do not have
to buy drinking water – whose quality is sometimes disputable –, but they simply filter raw water, usually far
cheaper. This practice results in money and time savings. Indeed, beneficiaries had to purchase drinking
water in a different place than raw water, availability is more limited, and queue is quite long. In short time
people perceive health benefits, resulting in a reduction of water-borne diseases. Moreover water flavour
usually improved – as reported by more than 90% of the households -, due to the lack of chlorine residue
and/or the filtration process, facilitating the use of the filters. Operation and maintenance are very limited
and, if well-done, the filters have a long life span. In Haiti about 40% of the households shared filtered
water with friends and relatives for free, therefore the actual number of users was more than 1,400.
CONs: despite the simplicity, operation and maintenance have to be carried out regularly. In order to have
a good use of the filters, capacity building and regular follow-up visits directly in beneficiaries’ home are
recommended. Cartridges have to be replaced and affordability of spare parts is an issue. For local people
is pretty impossible to benefit from post-sale support from suppliers of imported filters.
22. www.set4food.org
Product Remarks from beneficiaries
Saywer
PointONE
It was particularly appreciated due to speed of filtration, storage capacity and simplicity of
operation and maintenance. Beneficiaries lost syringes for filter cleaning (backwashing)
LifeStraw
Family 2.0
Some beneficiaries find the cleaning procedures (backwashing) complicated
Grifaid
Family
Aquafilter
Few filters had a breakage in the filtering media and were replaced by the supplier
(without additional cost). Some beneficiaries did not understand well the use of the filter
and others complained about the need of pumping to filter water
Tulip
Table Top
Some breakages were experienced, due to a certain material fragility. Local supplier
replaced damaged parts, excluding those attributed to accidental falls
LIFESAVER
Jerrycan
It was very well accepted due to the simplicity of use and the large storage capacity
Indicator Value Definition Notes
Data
coverage
37%
It indicates the percentage of
households providing regular data
throughout the monitoring period. Only
data about this percentage are
considered for indicators calculation
It can be considered a proxy of data
representativeness
Technology
acceptance
Good
Frequency of use of a certain
technology, compared to the expected
one, is used as a proxy for the
evaluation of this indicator. The
indicator assumes a value on a three-
level scale (Low/none; Middle; Good)
This indicator is calculated on households
providing adequate data, but also other
households may use the technology. It can be
considered a proxy of technology effectiveness
for a certain context
Appropriate
usage
Good
It indicates if a certain technology is
used according to the specifications,
exploiting its potentialities in a three-
level scale (Low/none; Middle; Good)
This indicator is calculated on households
providing adequate data. A low level of
appropriate usage can be motivated by either
little understanding of the technology or
inadequate resources and conditions to fully use
it. Under some conditions, this indicator can be a
proxy of technology appropriateness
Daily household potable
water consumption
(drinking & food)
[l/d] Variation
Average household daily
expenditure for potable water
(drinking & food)
[USD/d] Variation
Before filter distribution
14.12
(2.82 per person)
0.37
(0.07 per person)
After filter distribution
19.31
(3.86 per person)
+ 37%
0.16
(0.03 per person)
- 58%
Before filter distribution, water for drinking & food was completely purchased. The quality of this water was higher of
the water for other uses. Only few houses temporarily benefitted of some water treatment programs promoted by the
National Water and Sanitation Company (DINEPA). After filter distribution, water for drinking & food was composed of
water of high quality (7%) and water of low quality purified by the filter (93%). Water of high quality and low quality
cost about 0.026 and 0.007 USD/l, respectively.
On average, daily household raw water consumption (non-drinking & food use) was 108 l/d (21.5 per person) –
the same before and after filter distribution.