Electrostatic potential and capacitanceEdigniteNGO
Hello everyone, we are from Edignite NGO and we have come up with chapters of class 11 and 12 (CBSE).
For any queries, please contact
Lekha Periwal : +916290889619
Heer Mehta : +917984844099
Electrostatic potential and capacitanceEdigniteNGO
Hello everyone, we are from Edignite NGO and we have come up with chapters of class 11 and 12 (CBSE).
For any queries, please contact
Lekha Periwal : +916290889619
Heer Mehta : +917984844099
NCERT Solutions for Moving Charges and Magnetism Class 12
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The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
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The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
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This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
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For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
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In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
1. MAGNETIC EFFECT OF CURRENT - I
1. Magnetic Effect of Current – Oersted’s Experiment
2. Ampere’s Swimming Rule
3. Maxwell’s Cork Screw Rule
4. Right Hand Thumb Rule
5. Biot – Savart’s Law
6. Magnetic Field due to Infinitely Long Straight Current –
carrying Conductor
7. Magnetic Field due to a Circular Loop carrying current
8. Magnetic Field due to a Solenoid
Created by C. Mani, Principal, K V No.1, AFS, Jalahalli West, Bangalore
2. N
Magnetic Effect of Current:
An electric current (i.e. flow of electric charge) produces magnetic effect in
the space around the conductor called strength of Magnetic field or simply
Magnetic field.
Oersted’s Experiment:
When current was allowed to flow through a
wire placed parallel to the axis of a magnetic
needle kept directly below the wire, the needle
was found to deflect from its normal position.
E
K
I
N
K
I
E
When current was reversed through the wire,
the needle was found to deflect in the
opposite direction to the earlier case.
3. BB
N
Rules to determine the direction of magnetic field:
Ampere’s Swimming Rule:
Imagining a man who swims in the
direction of current from south to north
facing a magnetic needle kept under
him such that current enters his feet
then the North pole of the needle will
deflect towards his left hand, i.e.
towards West.
Maxwell’s Cork Screw Rule or Right
Hand Screw Rule:
If the forward motion of an imaginary
right handed screw is in the direction of
the current through a linear conductor,
then the direction of rotation of the
screw gives the direction of the
magnetic lines of force around the
conductor.
S
NW
I
I I
4. x
Right Hand Thumb Rule or Curl Rule:
If a current carrying conductor is imagined to be
held in the right hand such that the thumb points
in the direction of the current, then the tips of the
fingers encircling the conductor will give the
direction of the magnetic lines of force.
I
Biot – Savart’s Law:
The strength of magnetic field dB due to a small
current element dl carrying a current I at a point
P distant r from the element is directly
proportional to I, dl, sin θ and inversely
proportional to the square of the distance (r2
)
where θ is the angle between dl and r.
θ
P
dl
r
i) dB α I
ii) dB α dl
iii) dB α sin θ
iv) dB α 1 / r2
dB α
I dl sin θ
r2
dB =
μ0 I dl sin θ
4π r2
P’
B
I
5. Biot – Savart’s Law in vector form:
dB =
μ0 I dl x r
4π r2
dB =
μ0 I dl x r
4π r3
Value of μ0 = 4π x 10-7
Tm A-1
or Wb m-1
A-1
Direction of dB is same as that of direction of dl x r which can be
determined by Right Hand Screw Rule.
It is emerging at P’ and entering at P into the plane of the diagram.
Current element is a vector quantity whose magnitude is the vector
product of current and length of small element having the direction of the
flow of current. ( I dl)
x
6. Magnetic Field due to a Straight Wire carrying current:
P
θ
r
a
I
Ф2
Ф1
Ф
l
According to Biot – Savart’s law
dB =
μ0 I dl sin θ
4π r2
sin θ = a / r = cos Ф
or r = a / cos Ф
tan Ф = l / a
or l = a tan Ф
dl = a sec2
Ф dФ
Substituting for r and dl in dB,
dB =
μ0 I cos Ф dФ
4π a
Magnetic field due to whole conductor is obtained by integrating with limits
- Ф1 to Ф2. ( Ф1 is taken negative since it is anticlockwise)
μ0 I cos Ф dФ
4π a
B = ∫dB = ∫
-Ф1
Ф2
B =
μ0 I (sin Ф1 + sin Ф2)
4πa
dl
x B
7. If the straight wire is infinitely long,
then Ф1 = Ф2 = π / 2
B =
μ0 2I
4πa
B =
μ0 I
2πaor
B
aa 0
B B
Direction of B is same as that of direction of dl x r which can be
determined by Right Hand Screw Rule.
It is perpendicular to the plane of the diagram and entering into
the plane at P.
Magnetic Field Lines:
I I
8. Magnetic Field due to a Circular Loop carrying current:
1) At a point on the axial line:
O
a
r
dB
dB
dB cosФ
dB sinФ
I I
dlC
X Y
dl
D
X’ Y’
90°
Ф
Ф
Ф
Фx
The plane of the coil is considered perpendicular to the plane of the
diagram such that the direction of magnetic field can be visualized on
the plane of the diagram.
At C and D current elements XY and X’Y’ are considered such that
current at C emerges out and at D enters into the plane of the diagram.
P
dB cosФ
dB sinФ
9. dB =
μ0 I dl sin θ
4π r2
dB =
μ0 I dl
4π r2
μ0 I dl sinФ
4π r2
B = ∫dB sin Ф = ∫ or B =
μ0 I (2πa) a
4π (a2
+ x2
) (a2
+ x2
)½
B =
μ0 I a2
2(a2
+ x2
)3/2
(μ0 , I, a, sinФ are constants, ∫dl = 2πa and r & sinФ are
replaced with measurable and constant values.)
or
The angle θ between dl and r is 90° because the radius of the loop is very
small and since sin 90° = 1
The semi-vertical angle made by r to the loop is Ф and the angle between r
and dB is 90° . Therefore, the angle between vertical axis and dB is also Ф.
dB is resolved into components dB cosФ and dB sinФ .
Due to diametrically opposite current elements, cosФ
components are always opposite to each other and hence they
cancel out each other.
SinФ components due to all current elements dl get added up
along the same direction (in the direction away from the loop).
10. I
I I
Different views of direction of current and magnetic field due to circular loop of
a coil:
B
xx 0
ii) If the observation point is far away from
the coil, then a << x. So, a2
can be neglected
in comparison with x2
.
B =
μ0 I a2
2 x3
Special Cases:
i) At the centre O, x = 0. B =
μ0 I
2a
I
B B
B
11. x
2) B at the centre of the loop:
dB
The plane of the coil is lying on the plane
of the diagram and the direction of current
is clockwise such that the direction of
magnetic field is perpendicular and into
the plane.
dB =
μ0 I dl sin θ
4π a2
I
I
dl
90°
dB =
μ0 I dl
4π a2
The angle θ between dl and a is
90° because the radius of the
loop is very small and since
sin 90° = 1
B = ∫dB = ∫
μ0 I dl
4π a2
B =
μ0 I
2a
(μ0 , I, a are constants and ∫dl = 2πa )
a
O
B
a0
12. Magnetic Field due to a Solenoid:
I I
xxxxx xx
TIP:
When we look at any end of the coil carrying current, if the current is in
anti-clockwise direction then that end of coil behaves like North Pole
and if the current is in clockwise direction then that end of the coil
behaves like South Pole.
B