Keynote at Wikimedia Netherland Conference 2017 Utrecht 4 November 2017 GLAMs hold tangible expression of culture, which conveys identity, meaning, and value. GLAMs in Wikipedia reflect our current social values: increase diversity, innovation, equity, well-being. https://nl.wikimedia.org/wiki/WCN_2017

1. The social impact of GLAMs
in Wikipedia
Trilce Navarrete
Erasmus University Rotterdam - @TrilceNavarrete
Wikimedia Conferentie Nederland – 4 November 2017

2. About myself
• PhD in Letters: History of Digital Museums.
• Background in Art History, Museum Studies,
Economics of the Arts, and Information
Science.
• Researcher, lecturer for past 17 years.
• International projects and associations:
• Enumerate, EGMUS, CIDOC, MCN, ACEI
• RICHES, ViMM
• Keywords: digital museums (GLAMs),
research, statistics, value=access.

3. Today1. GLAMs
Collections
Values
2. Social impact
Human capital
3. GLAMs in Wiki
Findings
4. Closing
Take home
North Holland Archive (8 months)
Total Monthly Page Views: 579
Drawing EN Wiki monthly views: 574
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NL-HlmNHA_53004652_02_Zesbandgordeldier.tif

4. GLAMs
Are our repositories of culture
Culture is:
UNESCO Declaration on Cultural Diversity 2001
the set of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual and
emotional features of society or a social group, and that it
encompasses, in addition to art and literature, lifestyles,
ways of living together, value systems, traditions and beliefs

5. Amsterdam Museum (35 months)
Total Monthly Page Views: 1.2 million
Painting EN Wiki monthly views: 328,634
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Johannes_Lingelbach_001.jpg

6. GLAMsCulture conveys identity, meaning and values.
GLAMs collections generally include the
tangible expressions of culture.
(intangibles are made tangible through
documentation practices =video, text, photo)
Prints, photographs, drawings, documents,
paintings, sculptures, furniture, medals,
books, dishes, ships, instruments, textiles,
tools …
NIBG (47 months)
Total Monthly Page Views: 15 million
Photograph EN Wiki monthly views:
330,002
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Paul,_George_&_John.png

7. GLAMsValue of collections depend on people
Access and use enable interpretation of value
Economic value, expressed in financial terms
(e.g. price at auction),
Cultural value, echoing a specific time and place
(e.g. style used by an artist),
Social value, reflecting the morals of a group
(e.g. collections as means for education),
providing connection to others (e.g. identity).
People give culture various / variable values.
Hortus Bontanicus Leiden (9 months)
Total Monthly Page Views: 37,000
Litho EN Wiki monthly views: 8,300
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Afbeelding-053-
Hosta_sieboldiana.tif

8. GLAMsWhat are our current social values?
GLAMs provide access to diverse
information = DIVERSITY
Collections support learning of new ways of
thinking = TOLERANCE, INNOVATION
Universal access to GLAMs increase human
capital (skills and knowledge) = EQUITY
Culture enables inclusive, safe, resilient and
sustainable communities = WELL-BEING
National Museum of World Cultures (16 months)
Total Monthly Page Views: 15 million
Photograph EN Wiki monthly views: 328,634
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_Europeaan_
ccineert_Indonesische_pati%C3%ABnten_met_neosalvarsaan_tegen_de_ziekte_framboes
TMnr_10006691.jpg

9. Key contribution: increase human capital
Stock of education, skills, culture and
knowledge stored in human beings
Needs renewed investment to prevent decay
University of Amsterdam (36 months)
Total Monthly Page Views: 2.2 million
Photograph EN Wiki monthly views: 402,326
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Decalogue_parchment_by_Jekuthiel_S
ofer_1768.jpg
EN = Ten Commandments
AR = Christianity
LT = Tora
NL = The exodus

10. The social impact of GLAMs in Wiki can be
identified in the following:
Repositories function as community hubs, as
places to transfer knowledge across time and
place, resulting in social renewal
Access to collections (and articles) reinforce
the expression of identity, pride, sense
of place and belonging
Interacting with the collections (and articles)
promotes social inclusion, tolerance,
respect for diversity, and inspires learning
Access to quality content contributes to
learning, which feeds human capital
Amsterdam Museum (35 months)
Total Monthly Page Views: 1 million
Painting EN Wiki monthly views: 68,898
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MG_056-De_Beurs_van_Hendrick_de_Keyser.jpg

11. Findings
Rijksmuseum Museum (51 months)
Total Monthly Page Views: 19.5 million
Painting EN Wiki monthly views: 328,634
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anthonie_van_Leeuwenhoek_(1632-
1723)._Natuurkundige_te_Delft_Rijksmuseum_SK-A-957.jpeg

12. Change in accessibility: onsite (100yrs) and online (5yrs).
• Onsite peak: 300,000 visitors
• Average per year: 94,500 visitors
• Online Wikipedia peak: 18 million clicks
• Average per year: 1.7 million clicks
• (Average clicks per year on the NMWC website: 600,000)
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
Numberofvisitors
0
5
10
15
20
Numberofviewsin
millions
Knowledge transfer among broader audience

13. Change in participation
(partial data onsite)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
Numberofarticles
English Wikipedia Indonesian Wikipedia German Wikipedia Dutch Wikipedia
0
2000
4000
6000
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12000
14000
16000
Numberofviews(inthousands)
English Wikipedia Indonesian Wikipedia German Wikipedia Dutch Wikipedia
Readers mostly on English Wikipedia
Followed by Indonesian readers
Edits mostly on Indonesian Wikipedia
Followed by English and Dutch editions
Create sense of community, reinforce expression of identity

14. Change in object mobility: onsite exhibits and online
articles.
Online use of collection (5 years): 12% objects
(of 1% of collection).
Online peak (frequency): 135 articles (May 2015).
Onsite use of collection (100 years):
10% of objects.
Onsite peak (frequency): 10 exhibits.
10%
90%
Onsite
Exhibitions
Storage
12%
88%
Online
Articles
Commons
99%
1%
Museum
Wiki
Reuse of collections inspires learning, respect for diversity

15. FindingsOnline is complementary of onsite.
Preference onsite for 3D and online for 2D:
• Objects photographed in context (e.g. tool in use).
Onsite, object view increases with:
• Time (when accounting for 3D).
Online, object view increases with:
• Time.
• Quality of article (= greater number of images).
• Diversity of images (related to quality).
• English version, followed by Indonesian and Dutch.
• Topic (geography).
Tropenmuseum (86 months)
Total Monthly Page Views: 15 million
Photograph EN Wiki monthly views:
328,634
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_
Portert_van_twee_jonge_Balinese_danseressen_TMnr_10004678b.jpg
Access to greater skills and knowldge

16. Dataset: 28,613 paintings in 160,174 Wikipedia articles (2015)
Method:
- Using Wikidata (all paintings: N=117,000,
with image/ date/ keyword: N=64,700)
- Wikipedia API
(complement data with author/ description)
- Identify those with an article: N=28,613
Availability of images online leads to reuse
Preference for portraits to depict concept
= iconic use of artworks
Cultural (linguistic) preference for paintings as icons.
French and Portuguese editions most likely to use artworks
Access facilitates learning, reinforce sense of pride

17. Dataset: 10,054 paintings English Wikipedia articles (2017)
Method:
- Wikidata ‘paintings’ = 224,374
- With location / date / creator = 89,637 (excluding doubles)
- With image = 27,501
- Wikipedia articles = 10,054 (36% of images used in articles)
- Long tail = popularity of few items (most used in <20 pages)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46
10,054
Potential for greater impact

18. Overview of 10,055 ‘paintings’ by year.
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
-900
801
1215
1295
1332
1365
1394
1420
1440
1458
1477
1495
1513
1531
1549
1567
1585
1603
1621
1639
1657
1675
1693
1711
1729
1747
1765
1783
1801
1819
1837
1855
1873
1891
1909
1927
1945
1963
1981
1999
Paintings Images
Copyright hole
Potential for improved access

19. Take home
• .
Textielmuseum (30 months)
Total Monthly Page Views:
194,000
Photo NL Wiki monthly views:
67,255
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Textielmuse
um-cabinet-03.jpg

20. GLAMsGLAMs hold the tangible expression of our
identity, morals and values.
Access to collections contributes to social
renewal by promoting learning, diversity,
tolerance, equity, and well-being.
The value of the collections depends on
people’s use. Wiki Commons facilitates reuse
of collections, in a learning environment.
Social impact of GLAMs in Wiki grows
exponentially (millions worldwide!).
Catherijneconvent (32 months)
Total Monthly Page Views: 146,000
Painting NL Wiki monthly views: 17,509
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MCC-
10185_Portret_van_Maarten_Luther_(1483-1546)_(1).tif

21. Thank you !
• top
University of Amsterdam
(36 months)
Total Monthly Page Views:
2.2 million
Print EN Wiki monthly views:
179,968
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cynailuru
s_guttata_-_1818-1842_-_Print_-
_Iconographia_Zoologica_-
_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-
_(white_background).jpg
For references see
TrilceNavarrete.com/publications