The document discusses natural pigments, defining them as molecules that absorb specific wavelengths of light and outlining their classification, structure, and synthesis. It distinguishes between pigment color and structural color, explaining various types of biological pigments and their roles, particularly in plants for photosynthesis. The primary pigments mentioned include chlorophyll, carotenoids, xanthophylls, and anthocyanins, highlighting their importance in capturing light and attracting pollinators.

1. BY: SWETA MAURYA
NATURAL
PIGMENTS

2. CONTENT:
• Natural Pigments
• Classification
• Structure Elucidation
• Synthesis

3. Natural Pigments
Classification
• Type
Structure Elucidation
• Cyanin
• Pelargonin
• Flavonols
• Quercetin
Synthesis
• β-Carotin
• Porphyrins
• Haemin
• Chlorophyll

4. INTRODUCTION: WHAT ARE PIGMENTS ?
Pigments are “molecules that absorb specific wavelength
(energies) of light and reflect all others.”
Pigments are coloured.
The colour we see is the net effect of all the light reflecting back
at us…!
They are the substances produced by living organisms that have a
colour resulting from selective colour absorption.

5. BIOLOGICALPIGMENTS
 Produced by living
organisms.
 Have a colour resulting
from selective colour
 absorption.
 Include “Plant pigments”
and “Flower pigments.”
 Biological structures
such as Contain
“melanin” pigment in
specialized cells called
 “chromatophores”.
SKIN EYES
FUR HAIR

6. PIGMENTCOLOUR V/S
STRUCTURAL
COLOUR
 Pigments colour differs from
structural colour.
 Pigment colour: “Same for
all viewing angles”.
 Structural colour: “ Result of
selective reflection or
iridescence, usually because
of multilayer structure.
 For example butterfly wings
typically contain structural
colour, although many
butterflies have cells that
contain pigment as well.

7. TYPES OF BIOLOGICAL PIGMENTS
1. Heme/Porphyrin based: Chlorophyll, bilirubin, hemoglobin, myoglobin.
2. Light Emitting: Luciferin
3. Carotenoids:
i) Hematochromes : Algal pigments, mixes of carotenoids and their
derivatives.
ii) Carotenes: alpha and beta Carotene
iii) Xanthophylls: Oxidised Carotenes (Eg. Canthaxanthin)
4. Proteinaceous : Phytochrome
5. Polyene enolates: A class of red pigments unique to parrots
6. Other: Melanin, Urochrome, flavanoids

8. PIGMENTS IN
PLANTS-:
The Principal
pigments in plants are:
1. Chlorophyll
2. Carotenoids
3. Xanthophylls
4. Anthocyanins
5. Betalins

9. PRIMARY FUNCTION OF PIGMENTS IN
PLANTS:-
Primary Function : Photosynthesis
Uses green pigment chlorophyll along
with several red and yellow pigments.
Help to capture as much light as
possible.
Other functions include attracting
insects to flowers

10. Primary pigment in plant
Chlorin absorbs yellow and blue wavelengths.
Reflecting green.
All land plants and green algae have two types of chlorophyll.
◦ Chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b.
Kelps and photosynthetic heterokonts contain Chlorophyll c.
Chlorophyll serve as fuel to photosynthesis.

11. STRUCTURE OF CHLOROPHYLL

28. PORPHYRINS

29. Synthesis of porphyrins occurs in animals
for haem production and in plants for
chlorophyll production.

33. Flavanol
Flavone
O
O
O
O
OH
O
O
Flavanone
O
O
Iso- Flavanone

34. THANKYOU