Mobile Number Portability (MNP) allows mobile customers to retain their number when switching providers, even across circles. This benefits customers with lower switching costs and increases competition. The porting process involves requests sent between old and new providers via a central clearinghouse. Numbers may be rejected for valid reasons like invalid codes. If approved, the clearinghouse sets a port time and instructs the old provider to deactivate and new one to activate the numbers. National MNP will allow ports across circles, further benefiting customers and increasing competition nationwide.
Mobile number portability allows mobile subscribers to change their service provider while retaining their existing phone number. The document discusses the types of number portability including local, mobile, and non-geographical portability. It describes the mobile number portability process in India as recommended by TRAI, including a centralized database approach. Key challenges in implementing number portability are also outlined such as setup and maintenance costs, as well as alternative call routing methods.
Mobile number portability allows mobile subscribers to retain their existing phone numbers when switching service providers. It was implemented in India in 2011 to promote competition between providers. Before MNP, subscribers were reluctant to switch providers as it meant changing their phone number. MNP uses a centralized database and all call query routing to route calls to ported numbers. It benefits users through choice, benefits providers through competition, and benefits the government through increased revenue and investment. However, MNP only applies to mobile numbers within service areas and has a 90 day waiting period between provider switches.
MNP, or mobile number portability, allows cellular users to change their mobile service provider while keeping their original phone number. It involves a port out process to deactivate a subscriber from their existing provider and a port in process to activate them on the new recipient provider's network. The porting transaction is facilitated through a number portability clearing house and gateways to intercept and route calls to ported numbers on the new provider's network.
Mobile number portability (MNP) allows mobile subscribers to retain their mobile number when switching from one mobile service provider to another. MNP was first implemented in Singapore in 1997 and in India in 2011. There are three types of MNP: service operator portability, location portability, and service portability. The MNP process involves a number portability database that tracks ported numbers and routing mechanisms to route calls to ported numbers to the new service provider. MNP provides benefits to customers like retaining their number but also challenges for service providers in implementing the technology and process.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on mobile number portability (MNP) in India. MNP allows mobile subscribers to change service providers while retaining their existing phone numbers. It discusses the types and components of MNP, including the central reference database and service platforms used. The document also outlines the MNP process, benefits to users, operators and the government, as well as problems and future aspects of MNP in India.
Mobile number portability with IEEE MaterialSachin Saini
This presentation file contains all the basic information about Mobile Number Portability, its implementation, routing mechanism and its benefits to user and telecom operator.
Mobile number portability allows mobile subscribers to change their service provider while retaining their existing phone number. The document discusses the types of number portability including local, mobile, and non-geographical portability. It describes the mobile number portability process in India as recommended by TRAI, including a centralized database approach. Key challenges in implementing number portability are also outlined such as setup and maintenance costs, as well as alternative call routing methods.
Mobile number portability allows mobile subscribers to retain their existing phone numbers when switching service providers. It was implemented in India in 2011 to promote competition between providers. Before MNP, subscribers were reluctant to switch providers as it meant changing their phone number. MNP uses a centralized database and all call query routing to route calls to ported numbers. It benefits users through choice, benefits providers through competition, and benefits the government through increased revenue and investment. However, MNP only applies to mobile numbers within service areas and has a 90 day waiting period between provider switches.
MNP, or mobile number portability, allows cellular users to change their mobile service provider while keeping their original phone number. It involves a port out process to deactivate a subscriber from their existing provider and a port in process to activate them on the new recipient provider's network. The porting transaction is facilitated through a number portability clearing house and gateways to intercept and route calls to ported numbers on the new provider's network.
Mobile number portability (MNP) allows mobile subscribers to retain their mobile number when switching from one mobile service provider to another. MNP was first implemented in Singapore in 1997 and in India in 2011. There are three types of MNP: service operator portability, location portability, and service portability. The MNP process involves a number portability database that tracks ported numbers and routing mechanisms to route calls to ported numbers to the new service provider. MNP provides benefits to customers like retaining their number but also challenges for service providers in implementing the technology and process.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on mobile number portability (MNP) in India. MNP allows mobile subscribers to change service providers while retaining their existing phone numbers. It discusses the types and components of MNP, including the central reference database and service platforms used. The document also outlines the MNP process, benefits to users, operators and the government, as well as problems and future aspects of MNP in India.
Mobile number portability with IEEE MaterialSachin Saini
This presentation file contains all the basic information about Mobile Number Portability, its implementation, routing mechanism and its benefits to user and telecom operator.
The document discusses a study conducted on the impact of Mobile Number Portability (MNP) in India. MNP allows mobile users to retain their number when changing providers. It was introduced in India in 2011. The study aims to understand the effect of MNP on users and service providers through a survey of 107 respondents using quantitative methods like questionnaires. Preliminary findings show that while most users are satisfied with their current provider, the main reasons for porting include network coverage, quality of service and tariff charges. Only 44 out of 214 users had ported their number.
Mobile number portability (MNP) allows mobile subscribers in India to change their service provider while retaining their existing phone number. The document discusses how MNP benefits consumers by making it easier to switch providers for better plans or service without changing their number. It also provides details on the MNP process, including how porting requests are handled through a central reference database and the timeline of 4-6 days for a number to be ported to a new provider. Mobile operators are expected to utilize more aggressive advertising strategies under MNP to attract customers from other networks to migrate to their network.
The document outlines basic call flows for location updates, mobile originating calls (MOC), mobile terminating calls (MTC), and IP calls. It describes the key steps as:
1) Location update involves identity response, authentication between the SIM and MSC, update location requests, and ciphering.
2) For MOC, the mobile station sends a setup message with the dialed number, the MSC sends a send routing information message to the HLR, and the HLR responds with routing instructions allowing the call to be connected.
3) For MTC, the MSC requests a roaming number from the HLR, the HLR provides a number and the MSC pages the mobile station to alert
This document summarizes GSM architecture and call flows, including inter-MSC and intra-MSC call flows. Inter-MSC call flow occurs between two different MSCs, while intra-MSC call flow is between two BSCs within the same MSC. The inter-MSC call flow involves signaling between the BSC, MSC-O, MSC-T, HLR, and RNC to set up and release the call bearers. The intra-MSC call flow involves signaling between the MS-O, BSC-O, MSC/VLR, MGW, HLR, BSC-T, and MS-T to authenticate, set up, and release call bearers within a single MSC
Call flow oma000003 gsm communication flowEricsson Saudi
The document summarizes several key GSM procedures including authentication and ciphering sequence, location update sequence, basic call sequences, and equipment identification. It provides detailed signaling diagrams to illustrate the message flows between different nodes in the network for these procedures.
This document discusses TCP over wireless networks. It explains that TCP was designed for fixed networks with low delay and errors, but wireless networks have high delay, errors and variable bandwidth. This causes TCP to perform poorly over wireless. The document outlines various techniques to improve TCP performance over wireless like Fast Retransmit and Recovery, Slow Start proposals with larger initial windows, ACK counting and ACK-every-segment. It also discusses protocols like HTTP, RLP that operate between TCP and the wireless transmission layers.
The document discusses GPRS network architecture and processes. It describes how a mobile station (MS) attaches to and detaches from the GPRS network by communicating with the SGSN and HLR. It also describes how a temporary block flow (TBF) is established to enable data transfer between the MS and network. Additionally, it outlines how a packet data protocol (PDP) context is activated and deactivated to manage the subscriber's data session.
The document describes the call flow procedures for mobile originating and mobile terminating calls in a GSM network.
For a mobile originating call, the MS requests a dedicated channel and indicates it wants to set up a call. The MSC receives the call setup message and checks for call barring before establishing a link with the BSC. The BSC assigns a traffic channel for the call.
For a mobile terminating call, the call is routed to the GMSC serving the called subscriber's home network. The GMSC queries the HLR for routing information. The HLR provides a roaming number to route the call to the subscriber's current MSC. The MSC pages the subscriber through the BSCs in their
The document describes the key components of a GSM network and their functions:
- The BTS handles radio transmissions and defines each cell. The BSC manages radio resources and handles handovers between BTSs. The MSC performs switching between mobile and other networks.
- The HLR is a central database that stores subscriber information. The VLR temporarily stores subscriber data needed by the local MSC. The EIR stores valid device IDs. The AUC authenticates users and protects the network from fraud.
Together, these components enable functions like call setup, location updates, authentication, and mobility as users move between cells in a GSM network.
This document outlines the process for mobile originated and terminated calls in 3G networks. It describes the steps for a mobile originating call in 3 parts and a mobile terminated call in 3 parts, including setting up the GTP tunnel for transport. The document breaks down the end-to-end call flows for 3G connections.
The document provides an agenda on GSM and GPRS theory that includes:
- An overview of GSM definition, history, services, system architecture, functional model, and interfaces
- Descriptions of the radio interface, A-bis, A-interface, signaling protocols, and inter-MSC signaling
- A brief history of GPRS and definitions of its new network elements and air and A-bis interfaces
This document describes the evolution of 2G and 3G mobile network architectures. It shows:
1) The separation of the control plane and user plane in 3GPP Release 4, with the MSC Server handling signaling and Media Gateways handling transmission.
2) How the MSC Server system provides operational expenditure savings by moving voice and signaling transmission to IP networks and separating equipment for more flexible siting.
3) How the MSC Server system allows investment protection by supporting existing services on GSM, EDGE, 3G and TDM, IP, and ATM transmission networks.
The document provides information on various GSM traffic cases including call setup, location updating, and call handover. It describes the processes for mobile originated and mobile terminated calls. Location updating includes normal location updating, IMSI attach, and periodic registration. It also outlines different types of call handover such as intra-BTS, inter-BTS intra-BSC, inter-BSC, and inter-MSC handovers.
This chapter discusses mobile IP and addressing for mobile hosts. It describes the key concepts of mobile IP including home and care-of addresses, home and foreign agents, and the three phases of agent discovery, registration, and data transfer. It also notes potential inefficiencies in mobile IP communications including double crossing and triangle routing.
The document discusses different types of location updating procedures in mobile networks:
1. Location updating type normal occurs when a mobile subscriber (MS) moves to a new location area and needs to update the network of its new location.
2. IMSI attach is used when the MS powers back on in the same location area it was in when it entered detached mode.
3. Periodic registration is used to avoid unnecessary paging and prevent database failures. The MS registers at periodic intervals set by the network operator, from every 6 minutes to every hour.
GSM is a second generation cellular standard developed to provide voice services and data delivery using digital modulation. It was developed by Groupe Spécial Mobile in 1982 to replace incompatible analog cellular systems. GSM specifications were released in 1990 and it is now used in over 135 countries worldwide with over 1.3 billion subscribers. GSM services include teleservices like voice calls, data services like SMS and supplementary services like call waiting. The GSM network architecture consists of mobile stations, base station subsystems including BTS and BSC, and network switching subsystems including MSC, HLR, VLR and others. Future enhancements to GSM include HSCSD, GPRS and EDGE to provide higher data rates before
This document provides an introduction to GSM networks and their history. It discusses [1] the origins and evolution of cellular networks prior to GSM, [2] the formation of GSM in 1982 to develop a pan-European cellular standard, and [3] the key phases and advances of GSM technology over time, including digital voice services, SMS, and mobile data. The document also outlines some of the main advantages of GSM networks, including international roaming, security, voice quality, and their use of a single global standard.
The document discusses Ericsson's Automatic Neighbor Relation (ANR) feature. It explains that ANR improves network performance and reduces maintenance by automatically detecting, adding, and setting up neighbor relations between cells. This allows seamless handovers and prevents dropped calls when sites go down. The document outlines how ANR works for intra-frequency, inter-frequency, and inter-RAT neighbor detection in LTE, UTRAN, and GERAN networks. It also describes ANR parameters, functions, and the affected network features.
The document describes the architecture of GSM networks. It discusses the key components including the mobile station, base station subsystem (BSS), and network subsystem (NSS). The mobile station consists of mobile equipment and a subscriber identity module (SIM) card. The BSS comprises base transceiver stations and a base station controller. The NSS combines switches like the mobile switching center with databases like the home location register and visitor location register that track subscriber locations and identities.
1. This document describes the call setup process for a GSM originating call made from a mobile user to a landline subscriber.
2. It involves establishing a radio resource connection between the mobile station and base station, authenticating and ciphering the connection, and setting up the voice channel and call.
3. The key steps are radio channel allocation, call signaling transmission to the mobile switching center, routing the call to the public switched telephone network, alerting and connecting the called party, and releasing the call resources on completion.
VoIP, Portability, and the Evolution of Addressingenumplatform
The document discusses the evolution of routing and addressing as carrier networks move to IP. It proposes using ENUM to map telephone numbers to URIs to unify routing functions and minimize costs. ENUM provides a mapping from E.164 numbers to IP resources through DNS lookups. This allows queries from IP networks to resolve numbers to URIs for routing calls on all-IP networks. The status and alternatives to ENUM are also reviewed.
Local and mobile number portability impact VoIP businesses. The FCC extended number portability obligations to VoIP providers to allow subscribers to change carriers without changing numbers. Typically, the original carrier maps the old number to the new number assigned by the new carrier using a database. VoIP solutions must also handle mobile number portability when routing calls to ensure quality of service as VoIP adoption increases.
The document discusses a study conducted on the impact of Mobile Number Portability (MNP) in India. MNP allows mobile users to retain their number when changing providers. It was introduced in India in 2011. The study aims to understand the effect of MNP on users and service providers through a survey of 107 respondents using quantitative methods like questionnaires. Preliminary findings show that while most users are satisfied with their current provider, the main reasons for porting include network coverage, quality of service and tariff charges. Only 44 out of 214 users had ported their number.
Mobile number portability (MNP) allows mobile subscribers in India to change their service provider while retaining their existing phone number. The document discusses how MNP benefits consumers by making it easier to switch providers for better plans or service without changing their number. It also provides details on the MNP process, including how porting requests are handled through a central reference database and the timeline of 4-6 days for a number to be ported to a new provider. Mobile operators are expected to utilize more aggressive advertising strategies under MNP to attract customers from other networks to migrate to their network.
The document outlines basic call flows for location updates, mobile originating calls (MOC), mobile terminating calls (MTC), and IP calls. It describes the key steps as:
1) Location update involves identity response, authentication between the SIM and MSC, update location requests, and ciphering.
2) For MOC, the mobile station sends a setup message with the dialed number, the MSC sends a send routing information message to the HLR, and the HLR responds with routing instructions allowing the call to be connected.
3) For MTC, the MSC requests a roaming number from the HLR, the HLR provides a number and the MSC pages the mobile station to alert
This document summarizes GSM architecture and call flows, including inter-MSC and intra-MSC call flows. Inter-MSC call flow occurs between two different MSCs, while intra-MSC call flow is between two BSCs within the same MSC. The inter-MSC call flow involves signaling between the BSC, MSC-O, MSC-T, HLR, and RNC to set up and release the call bearers. The intra-MSC call flow involves signaling between the MS-O, BSC-O, MSC/VLR, MGW, HLR, BSC-T, and MS-T to authenticate, set up, and release call bearers within a single MSC
Call flow oma000003 gsm communication flowEricsson Saudi
The document summarizes several key GSM procedures including authentication and ciphering sequence, location update sequence, basic call sequences, and equipment identification. It provides detailed signaling diagrams to illustrate the message flows between different nodes in the network for these procedures.
This document discusses TCP over wireless networks. It explains that TCP was designed for fixed networks with low delay and errors, but wireless networks have high delay, errors and variable bandwidth. This causes TCP to perform poorly over wireless. The document outlines various techniques to improve TCP performance over wireless like Fast Retransmit and Recovery, Slow Start proposals with larger initial windows, ACK counting and ACK-every-segment. It also discusses protocols like HTTP, RLP that operate between TCP and the wireless transmission layers.
The document discusses GPRS network architecture and processes. It describes how a mobile station (MS) attaches to and detaches from the GPRS network by communicating with the SGSN and HLR. It also describes how a temporary block flow (TBF) is established to enable data transfer between the MS and network. Additionally, it outlines how a packet data protocol (PDP) context is activated and deactivated to manage the subscriber's data session.
The document describes the call flow procedures for mobile originating and mobile terminating calls in a GSM network.
For a mobile originating call, the MS requests a dedicated channel and indicates it wants to set up a call. The MSC receives the call setup message and checks for call barring before establishing a link with the BSC. The BSC assigns a traffic channel for the call.
For a mobile terminating call, the call is routed to the GMSC serving the called subscriber's home network. The GMSC queries the HLR for routing information. The HLR provides a roaming number to route the call to the subscriber's current MSC. The MSC pages the subscriber through the BSCs in their
The document describes the key components of a GSM network and their functions:
- The BTS handles radio transmissions and defines each cell. The BSC manages radio resources and handles handovers between BTSs. The MSC performs switching between mobile and other networks.
- The HLR is a central database that stores subscriber information. The VLR temporarily stores subscriber data needed by the local MSC. The EIR stores valid device IDs. The AUC authenticates users and protects the network from fraud.
Together, these components enable functions like call setup, location updates, authentication, and mobility as users move between cells in a GSM network.
This document outlines the process for mobile originated and terminated calls in 3G networks. It describes the steps for a mobile originating call in 3 parts and a mobile terminated call in 3 parts, including setting up the GTP tunnel for transport. The document breaks down the end-to-end call flows for 3G connections.
The document provides an agenda on GSM and GPRS theory that includes:
- An overview of GSM definition, history, services, system architecture, functional model, and interfaces
- Descriptions of the radio interface, A-bis, A-interface, signaling protocols, and inter-MSC signaling
- A brief history of GPRS and definitions of its new network elements and air and A-bis interfaces
This document describes the evolution of 2G and 3G mobile network architectures. It shows:
1) The separation of the control plane and user plane in 3GPP Release 4, with the MSC Server handling signaling and Media Gateways handling transmission.
2) How the MSC Server system provides operational expenditure savings by moving voice and signaling transmission to IP networks and separating equipment for more flexible siting.
3) How the MSC Server system allows investment protection by supporting existing services on GSM, EDGE, 3G and TDM, IP, and ATM transmission networks.
The document provides information on various GSM traffic cases including call setup, location updating, and call handover. It describes the processes for mobile originated and mobile terminated calls. Location updating includes normal location updating, IMSI attach, and periodic registration. It also outlines different types of call handover such as intra-BTS, inter-BTS intra-BSC, inter-BSC, and inter-MSC handovers.
This chapter discusses mobile IP and addressing for mobile hosts. It describes the key concepts of mobile IP including home and care-of addresses, home and foreign agents, and the three phases of agent discovery, registration, and data transfer. It also notes potential inefficiencies in mobile IP communications including double crossing and triangle routing.
The document discusses different types of location updating procedures in mobile networks:
1. Location updating type normal occurs when a mobile subscriber (MS) moves to a new location area and needs to update the network of its new location.
2. IMSI attach is used when the MS powers back on in the same location area it was in when it entered detached mode.
3. Periodic registration is used to avoid unnecessary paging and prevent database failures. The MS registers at periodic intervals set by the network operator, from every 6 minutes to every hour.
GSM is a second generation cellular standard developed to provide voice services and data delivery using digital modulation. It was developed by Groupe Spécial Mobile in 1982 to replace incompatible analog cellular systems. GSM specifications were released in 1990 and it is now used in over 135 countries worldwide with over 1.3 billion subscribers. GSM services include teleservices like voice calls, data services like SMS and supplementary services like call waiting. The GSM network architecture consists of mobile stations, base station subsystems including BTS and BSC, and network switching subsystems including MSC, HLR, VLR and others. Future enhancements to GSM include HSCSD, GPRS and EDGE to provide higher data rates before
This document provides an introduction to GSM networks and their history. It discusses [1] the origins and evolution of cellular networks prior to GSM, [2] the formation of GSM in 1982 to develop a pan-European cellular standard, and [3] the key phases and advances of GSM technology over time, including digital voice services, SMS, and mobile data. The document also outlines some of the main advantages of GSM networks, including international roaming, security, voice quality, and their use of a single global standard.
The document discusses Ericsson's Automatic Neighbor Relation (ANR) feature. It explains that ANR improves network performance and reduces maintenance by automatically detecting, adding, and setting up neighbor relations between cells. This allows seamless handovers and prevents dropped calls when sites go down. The document outlines how ANR works for intra-frequency, inter-frequency, and inter-RAT neighbor detection in LTE, UTRAN, and GERAN networks. It also describes ANR parameters, functions, and the affected network features.
The document describes the architecture of GSM networks. It discusses the key components including the mobile station, base station subsystem (BSS), and network subsystem (NSS). The mobile station consists of mobile equipment and a subscriber identity module (SIM) card. The BSS comprises base transceiver stations and a base station controller. The NSS combines switches like the mobile switching center with databases like the home location register and visitor location register that track subscriber locations and identities.
1. This document describes the call setup process for a GSM originating call made from a mobile user to a landline subscriber.
2. It involves establishing a radio resource connection between the mobile station and base station, authenticating and ciphering the connection, and setting up the voice channel and call.
3. The key steps are radio channel allocation, call signaling transmission to the mobile switching center, routing the call to the public switched telephone network, alerting and connecting the called party, and releasing the call resources on completion.
VoIP, Portability, and the Evolution of Addressingenumplatform
The document discusses the evolution of routing and addressing as carrier networks move to IP. It proposes using ENUM to map telephone numbers to URIs to unify routing functions and minimize costs. ENUM provides a mapping from E.164 numbers to IP resources through DNS lookups. This allows queries from IP networks to resolve numbers to URIs for routing calls on all-IP networks. The status and alternatives to ENUM are also reviewed.
Local and mobile number portability impact VoIP businesses. The FCC extended number portability obligations to VoIP providers to allow subscribers to change carriers without changing numbers. Typically, the original carrier maps the old number to the new number assigned by the new carrier using a database. VoIP solutions must also handle mobile number portability when routing calls to ensure quality of service as VoIP adoption increases.
From the first public consultation to the national ENUM field trialenumplatform
The document summarizes the history and current status of ENUM trials in Austria. It describes key milestones from the first public consultation in 2001 to the establishment of the Austrian ENUM Trial Platform in 2002. It outlines the roles of industry, government, and regulatory organizations in developing policy frameworks and trial structures. Currently, the trial involves developing ENUM registration and query client software, as well as testing provisioning processes with a limited number of subscribers. The goal is to evaluate ENUM standards and services to inform future commercial implementation.
Mobile number portability could change the dynamics of Indian Telecom industry. There are plethora of possibilities that could happen This presentation explores one of them Based on probability and word of mouth principle.
VoIP is not a new technology but it is gaining more popularity due to the movement towards cloud technology, improvements in the speed and reliability of internet connectivity and the trend of workforce mobility. So, here are a few of the benefits of VoIP
This document discusses Mobile Number Portability (MNP) in India. It defines MNP as the ability for subscribers to retain their mobile number when changing service providers. The key features of MNP are service provider portability, location portability, and service portability. The document outlines the porting process, technical implementation using location routing numbers, and advantages for both subscribers and operators in a competitive mobile market.
VoIP (Voice Over IP) allows users to make phone calls using an Internet connection rather than a traditional phone line. It works by converting voice signals into digital data packets which are transmitted over the Internet or other IP-based networks. Common protocols used for VoIP include UDP, RTP, and SIP. While VoIP provides advantages like lower costs, it also faces challenges of packet loss, latency, jitter, and firewall restrictions that can impact call quality.
This document provides guidelines for DNS and ENUM configuration to facilitate interoperability of services between mobile network operators. It covers recommended practices for general DNS server setup, configuration for standardized 3GPP services that use DNS/ENUM, and guidelines for GSMA's ENUM system including number portability considerations. The document aims to provide telecom engineers information needed to correctly configure their DNS infrastructure for interworking IP-based services over the GSMA's private IPX backbone network.
Mobile Number Portability completed its 8 months, investment of approximate Rs.10,000 Crore, & according to data from the telecommunications regulator, about 13 million subscribers changed their service providers until the end of June
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) allows users to make voice calls using an internet connection rather than a regular phone line. It works by encoding voice input and transmitting it as data packets over the internet. VoIP provides several benefits including lower costs, portability through mobile apps, and additional features like video calling. However, it also has some disadvantages like potential quality issues when making international calls and reliance on an internet connection to place calls.
VoIP stands for Voice over Internet Protocol. It allows users to make phone calls using an IP network rather than a traditional telephone network. VoIP works by converting voice into packets of data that travel over the internet through routers to reach the destination. While it is beginning to be used more in businesses due to lower costs, some reliability issues with lost data packets can cause jittering and lower sound quality compared to traditional phone networks.
This document provides an overview of brain-computer interfaces (BCI). It discusses the history and development of BCI, including early work using electrodes implanted in monkeys. The document outlines different approaches to BCI, including invasive, semi-invasive, and non-invasive methods. Applications mentioned include providing communication assistance and environmental control for disabled individuals, enhancing video games, and monitoring brain states. Several current BCI projects are also briefly described, and the conclusion discusses BCI's potential therapeutic benefits and role in human enhancement.
Mobile number portability allows subscribers to retain their phone number when switching mobile service providers. It increases competition by removing the barrier of needing to change phone numbers. Implementing mobile number portability presents challenges for service providers, including high costs of upgrading systems, risk of losing customers to competitors, and complex coordination between providers to route calls to ported numbers. The process involves a central database maintained by a neutral third party that stores ported numbers and routing information to direct calls to the new provider.
Ppt on mobile number portablity,s.y.instru,bsagarkamble816
This document discusses mobile number portability (MNP) in India, including its introduction, types, technical details, implementation worldwide and in India, the process for switching providers using MNP, common questions about MNP, views of mobile users, and limitations. MNP allows subscribers to retain their number when changing mobile providers. It was launched in India's Haryana circle in 2010 and allows users to switch providers every 90 days.
This document discusses mobile number portability and its implementation. It covers:
- The three types of number portability: location, service, and operator portability.
- How operator portability is the main focus for implementation due to competition and cost reasons.
- The impact of number portability on mobile networks, including location updates, call origination, and call termination.
- Four proposed mechanisms for mobile number portability: signaling relay approach 1, all-call-query approach 1, signaling relay approach 2, and all-call-query approach 2. These modify the standard call termination procedure.
Mobile number portability allows mobile users to retain their number when switching networks. It involves a central reference database that stores ported numbers and handles requests. When implemented, the originating network checks the central database for the ported number and routes the call to the new network. Benefits include customer retention for operators and more choice/lower costs for users. Challenges include technology changes and initial costs, but it increases competition which benefits consumers and the government over the long term.
The document summarizes the call flow process in GSM networks. It describes the sequence of events that occur when a mobile subscriber makes a call to a landline, when a landline subscriber calls a mobile, and between two mobile subscribers. It also provides an overview of the user services, data services, supplementary services, and security features supported in GSM networks, such as encryption, authentication, and temporary identification numbers to protect subscriber privacy.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on mobile number portability (MNP) in India. MNP allows mobile subscribers to change service providers while retaining their existing phone numbers. It discusses the types and components of MNP, including the central reference database and service platforms used. The document also outlines the MNP process, benefits to users, operators and the government, as well as problems and future aspects of MNP in India.
Mobile number portability allows mobile users to retain their original phone number when switching network providers. There are three types of number portability: operator portability, location portability, and service portability. The mobile number portability process involves a port in and port out process to activate a subscriber on the new network and deactivate them from the old network. Subscribers can port their number by sending a SMS message with their number to 1900 and receiving a porting code, then providing identification to a mobile retailer who handles the documentation process. Mobile number portability benefits subscribers through increased choice of providers and plans while simplifying the switching process.
Operators interconnect their networks to allow customers to communicate across networks. Interconnect agreements define pricing, quality of service, billing processes, and more. Interconnect billing involves calculating payments between operators for incoming and outgoing call traffic based on call detail records. Settlement and reconciliation processes are used to exchange CDRs and invoices and resolve any discrepancies between operators.
This document provides a summary of the key points from the Consumers' Handbook on Telecommunications published by TRAI:
- It outlines the process for enrolling as a telecom consumer and obtaining a mobile connection, including the required documents, start-up kit contents, and types of vouchers.
- It describes the complaint redressal process, including establishing a complaint center with toll-free numbers, registering complaints and providing a unique docket number, timelines for resolution, and the option to appeal unresolved complaints.
- It covers other important consumer topics like quality of service and billing accuracy requirements, mobile number portability, curbing unwanted commercial communications, telecom tariffs and protections for
This document provides an overview of the marketing department structure and activities of Bharti Airtel Ltd. in Bihar. It describes the four main verticals - acquisition, customer lifecycle management, business process and customer insight, and marketing communication. It then provides details on the acquisition department including product design, planning, and execution. It also discusses prepaid and postpaid customer activation processes, resources, and key metrics like decay and market share.
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MOTranz Solutions Pvt. Ltd. is an Indian company that provides mobile commerce and electronic commerce services in the B2B2C sector. It aims to simplify transactions through mobile phones by offering solutions like mobile recharges, bill payments, money transfers, and travel bookings. MOTranz works with various mobile operators, DTH providers, banks, and other companies to enable these mobile transactions through its MPOS and web-based POS platforms. It has offices across major Indian cities to serve customers locally.
Mobile number portability allows mobile subscribers to switch operators while keeping their phone number. There are three types of number portability: operator, location, and service portability. India launched MNP in 2009, allowing subscribers to change operators after 90 days for a fee of up to 19 rupees. MNP benefits both customers and service providers by increasing competition and forcing providers to improve services. However, customers can only change operators within their registered circle and are restricted from changing too frequently.
MyTelecomBroker provides an unbiased service to help clients choose the best telecommunications solutions. They assess clients' needs and qualify different carriers. MyTelecomBroker then provides proposals from qualified carriers, implements the chosen services, and acts as a single point of contact for issues. The process involves authorizing MyTelecomBroker to review current expenses, providing bill copies, and listing decision makers to help implement changes.
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1) A webinar was presented on pricing and commissions for a new mobile money service called MMU-PESA in Mobiland.
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3) Agent commissions were set at $0.60 per transaction, which provided agents with a daily profit of $1.10 and a return on assets of 49% based on processing 2 transactions per day with a $800 float.
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This document is a seminar report submitted by Mr. Hrishikesh S. Patil to the University of Pune on the topic of "Mobile Number Portability". The 3-page report includes a title page with the student and guide's details, a table of contents, sections on introduction, working of MNP, technical details of MNP in India, applications and impacts of MNP, and conclusions. It provides an overview of mobile number portability, how the porting process works, technical routing mechanisms, implementation in India including charges and eligibility, and impacts on competition in the mobile market.
The document discusses regulations for full mobile number portability (MNP) in India. Key points:
1) The MNP 6th Amendment Regulations came into force in May 2015 and enabled inter-circle and inter-service area porting of mobile numbers, moving beyond just intra-circle MNP.
2) The regulations defined "MNP zone" and made other changes to facilitate full MNP across license areas.
3) A subscriber can now port their number to a new operator while their previous operator has 15 days to settle any outstanding bills before the number is disconnected.
This document summarizes a colloquium presentation on mobile number portability (MNP) in India. MNP allows subscribers to change mobile operators while retaining their phone number. The document outlines the types of number portability, the porting process, implementation approaches, routing mechanisms, advantages and disadvantages. Nationwide MNP was introduced in India in 2015, allowing subscribers to port numbers across circles. MNP benefits subscribers through increased competition, value-added services, and free mobility between operators without changing numbers.
This document proposes a mobile ticketing system for local trains in India using text SMS. It would allow passengers to purchase tickets, platform tickets, and passes by sending an SMS query to a single gateway number. The gateway would identify the user's mobile provider, authenticate payment from the user's account balance, and send an SMS confirmation or rejection. This system could generate over 400 crore INR annually by charging a small fee per ticket. It would be implemented in phases, starting with platform tickets to test the system before expanding to local train tickets and passes.
Similar to National Mobile Number Portability (NMNP) (20)
2. What is MNP?
Mobile Number Portability (MNP) requires that mobile telephone customers can
keep their telephone number when switching from one provider of mobile
telecommunications services to another.
In the absence of MNP, customers have to give up their number and must adopt a
new one when they switch operators. As a result, customers face switching costs
associated with informing people about changing their number, printing new
business cards, missing valuable calls from people that do not have the new
number, etc.
Number Portability allows subscribers to change their service provider while
retaining their old mobile number even when the circle changes. Portability
benefits subscribers and increases the level of competition between service
providers, rewarding service providers with the best customer service, network
coverage, and service quality.
3. Some Basic Terms
MNP Gateway
MNP gateway acts as a mediator
RMS
RMS {Resource Management System or Number Management System} application is used
to manage the operator inventory.
ASAP
ASAP (Automated Service activation program) is an application which is integrated with
network elements like {HLR, IN, OTA etc}.
ESB
When the ESB receives a message, it routes the message to the appropriate application.
Often, because that application evolved without the same message model, the ESB has to
transform the message into a format that the application can interpret.
4. Some Basic Terms( Cont’d)
DMS {Distributor Management System}
is an application used by channel partners {Distributors} to manage his
inventory. It is useful to stop cross sale in the market and increase satisfaction
between partners.
It is used to generate purchase order. i.e. to purchase SIM, recharge vouchers
from service provider.
5. MNP- Port In
1. If a non-uninor customer is Porting-In to uninor for second time, his earlier status
would be= PORTED-OUT & SIM status= Expired.
2. Earlier, if a Ported-In customer had got disconnected from uninor, after the
quarantined period, his number would have been returned (as a part of MNP
reverse process). Now, if the same MSISDN returns for Port-In, at NMS, the status
of MSISDN will be= PORTED-IN-REVERSED & SIM status= Expired.
3. In the above two cases, when Insert Instruction is received, NMS will set the
MSISDN status to PORT-IN & SIM status to Blank.
4. Now, if a Uninor number, which had ported out, returns. In this case the MSISDN
status at NMS will be PORTED-OUT and SIM status will be Expired. Now, when
Insert Instruction is received, NMS will set the MSISDN to Pre-activated.
6. MNP Port-In (Cont’d)
Change MSISDN & activation request received:
1) Unpair the Uninor SIM’s IMSI and Pair this IMSI with MNP MSISDN.
2) Set the status of the MNP MSISDN to pre-provisioned.
3) Send result (success/failure) to ESB.
On successful CHANGE MSISDN msg received, set MNP MSISDN status to PORTED-IN
ASSIGNED and SIM status to Assigned.
7. Port In Process
Porting Processes
During the number porting process, Participants exchange information via the Mobile Number
Portability Clearinghouse (MCH) to port a subscriber’s telephone number.
The Porting Processes for Operator Ports:
Port Request and Activation - Recipient initiates with a request, and later activates the number.
Port Cancellation – Subscriber has 24 hours to cancel. Recipient uses this process if the Recipient had
previously submitted the port Request.
Recipient sends Message to MCH when a Subscriber contacts Recipient to port their number(s), all
communication between MCH and Service provider happens through MNP Gateway exists at Service
provide end.
Recipient provides Porting Code and Subscriber Request Date
MCH validates, and send Port Request to Donor
Donor validates the Recipient’s information
8. Port In Process(Cont’d)
Donor sends Port Response to MCH
Donor flags numbers being rejected and why. Below are the TRAI guided validations done by donor
operator on the subscriber number and can reject if any fails.
Circle Check
UPC Code Mismatch
UPC Expiry {UPC Code validity is 15 days from the date of generation}
90 days validation {subscriber should continue 90 days in service provider from the date of
activation}
Employee SIM {Service Provider can stop Port if Subscriber holds a Number that provider issue to his
employees}
E-Load SIM {Service provide can stop the Port if subscriber holds a E-load number that is being
used by channel partners for e-Recharge transactions, or used in activation}.
MCH validates response; if any number is rejected the port is rejected.
MCH sends Port Response to Recipient and Donor
9. Port In Process(Cont’d)
If Port is accepted, MCH provides the Port Time for activation
Recipient notes numbers rejected for porting and why.
What if Donor does not send Port Response message on time?
MCH sends Port Response to Recipient and Donor accepting the port and setting
the Port Time
MCH will reject Port Response if Donor sends it after the timer has expired.
When Port Time arrives MCH sends Message Execute Port to Donor
Donor deactivates the numbers.
Donor sends Response Port Deactivated to MCH.
MCH sends Port activated to Recipient
10. Port In Process(Cont’d)
MCH provides the route
Recipient activates the numbers.
What if Donor does not send Port Deactivated in time?
MCH sends Port activated to Recipient and setting the Port Time
MCH will reject Message if Donor sends it after the timer has expired.
The Recipient sends Message – Port Activated to MCH
MCH sends Message – Port Activated Broadcast to Recipient, Donor and the Other Participants.
MCH provides the numbers and the route to be used for all the numbers in the port.
MCH indicates each number that is now being served by the Original Assignee (OA) as a result of
the port.
Donor and Other Participants note numbers being ported and the Route to be used for those
numbers.
11.
12. Retailer
SMS
Enterprise Service Bus
DTR
(Approval of
distributor)
Customer Agreement Form
Enterprise Service Bus
MNP Gateway
Enterprise Service Bus
Resource Management System
(Request Initiate for PORT_OUT)
(Start PORT_OUT Validation)
Distributor Management System
Address Verification And Management
Enterprise Service Bus
MNP Gateway
Enterprise Service Bus
CIM (Number Tag)
Customer Agreement Form
Port In Explained via Flow Charts
13. Port Accept(Y) Failure (within 1 day
or immediate)
RMS DMS CIM
Success (72-hrs)
(Unblocked the number) (Un-mapping) (Un-tag)
MNP Gateway
(PORTIN_RESP)
14. Service Connect
Service Connect Request
MNP Gateway
Enterprise Service Bus
U 2 U U 2 Other
Enterprise Service Bus Enterprise Service Bus
Resource Management System Resource Management System
Automated Service Activation Process Automated Service Activation Process
Enterprise Service Bus Enterprise Service Bus
CIM RMS DMS
Publish (Extra Circle)
15. Advantages of NMNP over MNP
This move is obviously going to benefit millions who move from one circle to
another, but more over, the biggest benefit would be that they will be able
to keep their mobile numbers.
On an average, most mobile users have over 200 contacts on their mobile
phones and informing everyone about your changed number is a nightmare
to say the least. And when you change your number, you need to keep you
earlier number active for atleast few months so you will not lose important
calls. This does cost lot of money and additional head-ache of carrying 2
mobile connections at the same time. Now, that will be history.
16. Repercussions
And as far as the repercussions go, telecom operators will need to even
remain more competitive now. They will now be competing not only at local
level, but at national level as well. The little disparity of tariff which is
present in different circles will probably go away now.
On the other hand, consumers also need to keep in mind that operators are
now moving towards a unified Pan-India offerings. Recently, Reliance
Communication had announced “One India One Rate” plan where they do
not make any distinction between Local, STD and Roaming. If all providers
go that way, full portability may lose its sheen a bit as well!
Editor's Notes
Based on these considerations, many regulatory authorities have imposed mandatory MNP, so as to reduce customer's switching cost, attempting to make mobile telecommunications more competitive.
MNP Gateway
between Recipient operator, Service operator and MNP clearing house. All the requests and responses between MNP Clearing house, service operator and Recipient operator flow through MNP gateway
RMS
RMS is also used in MNP for UPC Code generation and Port-Out response by checking all the validations.
ASAP
ASAP is used to provision/activation of numbers at Operator Network.
The prime duties of an ESB are:
Monitor and control routing of message exchange between services
Resolve contention between communicating service components
Control deployment and versioning of services
Marshal use of redundant services
Cater for commodity services like event handling, data transformation and mapping, message and event queuing and sequencing, security or exception handling, protocol conversion and enforcing proper quality of communication service.
It is used to receive material and process against his account by using Goods receipt note {GRN} feature.
It is used to raise sales order to Retailers and manage his inventory, check current stock etc.
Important feature of this application is to validate partner hierarchy, inventory validation during activation of number.
Network management system (NMS)
Mobile Station International Suscriber Directory Number (MSISDN)
IMSI- International Mobile Subscriber Identity
Porting Processes
During the number porting process, Participants exchange information via the Mobile Number Portability Clearinghouse (MCH) to port a subscriber’s telephone number.
The Porting Processes for Operator Ports:
Port Request and Activation - Recipient initiates with a request, and later activates the number.
Port Cancellation – Subscriber has 24 hours to cancel. Recipient uses this process if the Recipient had previously submitted the port Request.
Recipient sends Message to MCH when a Subscriber contacts Recipient to port their number(s), all communication between MCH and Service provider happens through MNP Gateway exists at Service provide end.
Recipient provides Porting Code and Subscriber Request Date
MCH validates, and send Port Request to Donor
Donor validates the Recipient’s information
Donor sends Port Response to MCH
Donor flags numbers being rejected and why. Below are the TRAI guided validations done by donor operator on the subscriber number and can reject if any fails.
Circle Check
UPC Code Mismatch
UPC Expiry {UPC Code validity is 15 days from the date of generation}
90 days validation {subscriber should continue 90 days in service provider from the date of activation}
Employee SIM {Service Provider can stop Port if Subscriber holds a Number that provider issue to his employees}
E-Load SIM {Service provide can stop the Port if subscriber holds a E-load number that is being used by channel partners for e-Recharge transactions, or used in activation}.
MCH validates response; if any number is rejected the port is rejected.
MCH sends Port Response to Recipient and Donor
If Port is accepted, MCH provides the Port Time for activation
Recipient notes numbers rejected for porting and why.
What if Donor does not send Port Response message on time?
MCH sends Port Response to Recipient and Donor accepting the port and setting the Port Time
MCH will reject Port Response if Donor sends it after the timer has expired.
When Port Time arrives MCH sends Message Execute Port to Donor
Donor deactivates the numbers.
Donor sends Response Port Deactivated to MCH.
MCH sends Port activated to Recipient
MCH provides the route
Recipient activates the numbers.
What if Donor does not send Port Deactivated in time?
MCH sends Port activated to Recipient and setting the Port Time
MCH will reject Message if Donor sends it after the timer has expired.
The Recipient sends Message – Port Activated to MCH
MCH sends Message – Port Activated Broadcast to Recipient, Donor and the Other Participants.
MCH provides the numbers and the route to be used for all the numbers in the port.
MCH indicates each number that is now being served by the Original Assignee (OA) as a result of the port.
Donor and Other Participants note numbers being ported and the Route to be used for those numbers.
MNP Gateway
MNP gateway acts as a mediator between Recipient operator, Service operator and MNP clearing house. All the requests and responses between MNP Clearing house, service operator and Recipient operator flow through MNP gateway
RMS
RMS {Resource Management System or Number Management System} application is used to manage the operator inventory.
RMS is also used in MNP for UPC Code generation and Port-Out response by checking all the validations.
ASAP
ASAP (Automated Service activation program) is an application which is integrated with network elements like {HLR, IN, OTA etc}.
ASAP is used to provision/activation of numbers at Operator Network.
ESB
When the ESB receives a message, it routes the message to the appropriate application. Often, because that application evolved without the same message model, the ESB has to transform the message into a format that the application can interpret. A software adapter fulfils the task of effecting these transformations, analogously to a physical adapter.