7. Layer 1 Protocol
3-Layer Model
TDMA – Time Division Multiple Access
G.703 – ITU PCM frame structure
MTP – Message Transfer Part
Layer 2 Protocols
LAPDm Link Access Protocol D-channel-mobile
LAPD Link Access Protocol D-Channel
Layer 3 Protocols
RR – Radio Resource Management
MM – Mobility Management
CM – Connection management
BTSM – Base Transceiver Station Management
SCCP – Signalling Connection Control Part
BSSMAP – Base Station Subsystem
MAP-Mobile Application Part
DTAP – Direct Transfer Application Part
TUP , ISUP
8. Physical Layer
1. Txn of bits
2. Error detection and Correction
3. Interleaving
4. Burst Formating
5. Measurements
6. Power Control
7. Modulation and Demodulation
BTS-BSC: 64Kbps
BSC-MSC:2Mbps (32*64Kbps)
11. Layer-2: LAPDm and LAPD
1. Flow control
2. Sequence Numbering
3. Duplicate detection
4. Frame formatting
12. Layer-3: RRM
Protocols: RR, RSM, BSSAP.
1. Cell selection and Reselection Control
2. Handover procedure
3. Establishing , maintaining, monitoring and releasing the channels
4. Monitoring and forwarding of radio connections
5. Introduction of encryption
6. Change in transmission mode ,Channel coding depending on
channel conditions Advise L1 and L2
7. MS level measurement commands control
8. Frequency redefinition Downlink Freq hopping
9. Broadcasting System Information Downlink
10. Paging
16. Layer-3:CM
1. Call control (CC) - manages call connections,
2. Supplementary service support (SS) - handles special services
3. Short message service support (SMS) - transfers brief texts.
CC:
Mobile-originating call establishment Setup message
Mobile-terminating call establishment Paging
Call clearing initiated by the network
Call clearing initiated by the Mobile
DTMF
SS:
Call Forwarding
Call waiting ,Call Hold and Conference
Multi Call
CLIP,CLIR ,COLP and COLR
SMS:
18. SS 7
To provide General purpose Signaling system to be used globally.
CCS , Out of Band
ITU-T Q.700 series.
Elements: SSP,STP and SCP.
Access Links: A to F
Analogy: MTP3 IP and SCCPTCP
SCCP: GTT, Ext MTP (Supports CL or CO)
Message Discrimination & distribution
TCAP: Query and Response (CL or CO )
MTP 3: Routing within SPC
MTP2: Node to node delivery
21. MAP
MAP messages are carried by TCAP when dealing with Database centre.
MAP Sessions: Open, Close. Message Types: Request, Response, Notification and
Confirmation.
39. MAC
1. MAC arbitrates access to the shared medium between
multiple MSs and GPRS network.
2. Uplink: Managing limited resourcesSlotted Aloha
3. Downlink: Queuing and Scheduling of access attempts.
4. Priority handling between data flows of one UE
5. Priority handling between UEs by means of dynamic
scheduling—Downlink
6. Channel mapping
7. Traffic Volume monitoring
40. RLC
1. SAR
2. Concatenation
3. Padding
4. Error Correction---CRC, ARQ (For AM)
5. In-Sequence delivery of SDUs
6. Duplicate detection
7. Flow control
8. Sequence number check---UM
9. Suspend/resume functionality
10. SDU discard
41. LLC
Provide a reliable logical link between MS and SGSN.
LLC messages are transparent to RAN.
Transmission in Asynchronous Disconnected Mode and
Asynchronous Balanced Mode
Ciphering.
Transfer of PDUs of Higher Layers
C-Plane: attach, authentication and PDP activation
U-Plane: carry actual data.
Can be AM or UM
42. SNDCP
• Transparent over BSS. Used only in U-Plane
•multiplexing of PDPs. Can be AM or UM
•compression of user data (including IP header compression) RFC 1154 & 2507
•segmentation of data packets to be passed to the LLC layer .
47. GTP
1. GTP-U and GTP-C.
2. Uses TCP for Reliable link
3. Uses UDP for non-Reliable link
48. IP, TCP and UDP
IP: IPv4 or IPv6. Datagram Service. Class full or Class less
Addressing.
TCP: Connection Oriented.
Ack ARQ. Sequence Number Checking.
Three-way handshake. Point-to-Point Add
Flow Control and Congestion Control.
UDP: Connection less.
Used for Delay Sensitive applications.
Supports Multicast Addressing.
65. MAC functionalities
1. Mapping between logical channels and transport channels
2. Selection of appropriate TF (from the TFCS) for each Transport
Channel, depending on the instantaneous source rate
3. Priority handling between data flows of one UE
4. Priority handling between UEs by means of dynamic scheduling—
Downlink
5. Identification of UEs on common transport channels
6. Multiplexing/demultiplexing of higher layer protocol data units
(PDUs)
7. Traffic volume monitoring—Down link
8. Dynamic Transport Channel type switching
9. Ciphering—RLC (TM)
10. Access Service Class (ASC) selection for RACH transmission
66. RLC
1. Transparent mode (Tr) , Unacknowledged Mode (UM) or
Acknowledged Mode (AM)
2. Tr and UM RLC entities are defined to be unidirectional, whereas the
AM-mode entities are described as bidirectional
3. Tr—Voice Call Video Call, UM—VOIP, Streaming
67. RLC functionalities
1. Segmentation and reassembly
2. Concatenation
3. Padding
4. Transfer of user data
5. Error correction----ARQ
6. In-sequence delivery of higher layer PDUs
7. Duplicate detection
8. Flow control
9. SN check (unacknowledged data transfer mode).
10. Ciphering is performed in the RLC layer for acknowledged and
unacknowledged modes.
11. Suspend/resume function for data transfer
69. RRC
1. Broadcast of system information
2. Paging and notification
3. Initial cell selection and reselection
4. Establishment, maintenance and release of an RRC
connection
5. Establishment and release of Radio bearers
6. Control of ciphering
7. Integrity protection of signalling messages
8. UE measurement reporting and control of the reporting
9. RRC connection mobility functions
10. Support of SRNS relocation
11. Support for downlink outer loop power control in the UE
12. Open-loop power control
13. CBS-related functions (BMC)
14. Handovers---preparation and execution
15. Control of requested QoS
16. Routing of Higher layer PDUs (Direct transfer)
17. MBMS control
71. BMC
BMC: Broadcast/Multicast Control Protocol
SMS-CB service
1. Storage of CB
2. Traffic volume monitoring and radio resource request for
CBS
3. Scheduling of BMC messages
4. Transmission of BMC messages to UE
72. PDCP
PDCP: Packet Data Convergence Protocol
1. PS Domain
2. PDCP contains compression methods, which are needed to get
better spectral efficiency over radio interface.
3. IP Packet header compression. Eg: 40 bytes for IPv4 and at least
60 bytes for IPv6. (RFC 2507)
4. Transfer of user data
98. HSDPA user plane Protocol Architecture
Fast Node-B Scheduling
H-ARQ ,Incremental Redundancy
Soft Buffer at Node-B and UE
Retransmission at N/W borders No Soft Handover
100. HSUPA user plane protocol Architecture
Mac-es/e : Uplink Scheduling
Mac-e: Hybrid ARQ , Buffer
Mac-es : In-sequence delivery (Soft Handover)
RLC re transmissions may take place if Physical layer re
transmissions is exceeded initiated by RNC.