Narrative theories
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Todorov theorized that narratives follow an equilibrium-disequilibrium-new equilibrium structure. Propp identified 31 narrative features and 7 character types that commonly appear in stories, including the villain, donor, helper, princess, false hero, dispatcher, and hero. Strauss proposed that conflict drives narratives and they can only end once conflict is resolved, often using binary opposites to create more conflict. Barthes referred to the "enigma code" where clues are given in stories without resolving the overall story, keeping the audience engaged.
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Narrative Theories and Examples
The document summarizes several narrative theories:
1. Todorov's theory that narratives follow five stages: equilibrium, disruption, recognition, attempt to repair, new equilibrium.
2. Barthes' theory that narratives can be "unraveled" and viewed from different angles to derive multiple meanings. He identified five codes that can be present.
3. Straus' theory of "binary opposites" where qualities are defined in opposition to each other.
4. Propp's theory that characters fulfill narrative "functions" like hero, villain, helper.
5. A summary of the 1989 Pixar short "Knick Knack" applying the equilibrium, disequilibrium, new
Narrative theories
Todorov's theory of narrative states that all narratives have three parts - an initial equilibrium, a disruption of equilibrium causing disequilibrium, and finally a restoration of equilibrium. Levi-Strauss' theory is based on binary opposition, where all conflict stems from opposition between characters. Propp identified seven necessary character roles in narratives - hero, villain, dispatcher, doughnut, helper, heroine/princess, and false hero.
Narrative theories
Todorov's narrative theory proposes that stories follow a structure of equilibrium, disequilibrium, and a return to a new equilibrium. Propp identified 7 character types and 31 narrative functions that commonly appear in stories. Strauss argued that conflict drives narratives and opposites create conflict. Barthes described the "enigma code" where clues are given in stories without revealing crucial plot points, engaging audiences.
Game Themes
This document discusses various literary and narrative theories that could be applied to a science fiction video game story. It describes Roland Barthes' five codes for creating mystery and tension in narratives. It also outlines Claude Levi-Strauss' structuralism theory and Tzvetan Todorov's five-step narrative pattern of equilibrium, disruption, realization, restored order, and new equilibrium. The document proposes applying these theories to the story of a "Time Assassin" character who is sent on assignments that create disequilibrium according to Todorov's model, before order is restored and the cycle repeats if a sequel is made. Barthes' codes could also be employed to add plot twists, mysteries, and tension to
Narrative Theorists
This document summarizes the theories of several narrative theorists:
- Tzvetan Todorov theorized that narratives follow a three-part structure of equilibrium, disruption, and return to equilibrium.
- Allen Cameron identified four types of modular narratives: anachronic, forking-path, episodic, and split screen.
- Levi Strauss developed the theory of binary oppositions, which sees concepts as relating in pairs of opposites.
- Vladimir Propp analyzed folk tales and identified recurring character types like villains, helpers, and princesses. He broke stories into smallest narrative units.
- An unknown theorist discussed restricted vs. unrestricted narration where the audience knows more or less than
Todorovs theory
Narrative theory studies how stories are structured through sequences of events. Tzvetan Todorov suggested that conventional narratives follow a five stage structure: 1) an initial state of equilibrium, 2) a disruption to the equilibrium, 3) recognition of the disruption, 4) an attempt to repair the disruption, and 5) reinstatement of the equilibrium. This structure can be seen in many films, including The Descent, which follows Todorov's model through the characters' experiences in the caves.
Media narrative theory
This document discusses three theories of media narrative:
1. Propp's theory argues that all stories share the same internal structure of 8 character roles and 31 functions.
2. Levi-Strauss studied how primitive societies functioned and argued they shared elements with advanced societies. He looked at binary oppositions between groups.
3. Equilibrium theory says all stories are about returning to normality after an event disrupts the equilibrium. It examines what event caused the disruption and how the narrative works to restore balance.
Narrative and film theory research
This document discusses various narrative and film theories proposed by different theorists. It begins by distinguishing between narrative, which is how a story is structured and presented in a film through editing, and story, which is the actual plot. It then provides examples of different narrative types like science fiction and horror. The remainder of the document outlines several theorists' contributions to narrative and character theory, including Tzvetan Todorov's theory of narrative structure consisting of equilibrium, disequilibrium, and new equilibrium; Claude Levi-Strauss's concept of binary opposition; Vladimir Propp's identification of common character archetypes; and Erving Goffman's four main character roles in a narrative.
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Narrative Theories and Examples
The document summarizes several narrative theories:
1. Todorov's theory that narratives follow five stages: equilibrium, disruption, recognition, attempt to repair, new equilibrium.
2. Barthes' theory that narratives can be "unraveled" and viewed from different angles to derive multiple meanings. He identified five codes that can be present.
3. Straus' theory of "binary opposites" where qualities are defined in opposition to each other.
4. Propp's theory that characters fulfill narrative "functions" like hero, villain, helper.
5. A summary of the 1989 Pixar short "Knick Knack" applying the equilibrium, disequilibrium, new
Narrative theories
Todorov's theory of narrative states that all narratives have three parts - an initial equilibrium, a disruption of equilibrium causing disequilibrium, and finally a restoration of equilibrium. Levi-Strauss' theory is based on binary opposition, where all conflict stems from opposition between characters. Propp identified seven necessary character roles in narratives - hero, villain, dispatcher, doughnut, helper, heroine/princess, and false hero.
Narrative theories
Todorov's narrative theory proposes that stories follow a structure of equilibrium, disequilibrium, and a return to a new equilibrium. Propp identified 7 character types and 31 narrative functions that commonly appear in stories. Strauss argued that conflict drives narratives and opposites create conflict. Barthes described the "enigma code" where clues are given in stories without revealing crucial plot points, engaging audiences.
Game Themes
This document discusses various literary and narrative theories that could be applied to a science fiction video game story. It describes Roland Barthes' five codes for creating mystery and tension in narratives. It also outlines Claude Levi-Strauss' structuralism theory and Tzvetan Todorov's five-step narrative pattern of equilibrium, disruption, realization, restored order, and new equilibrium. The document proposes applying these theories to the story of a "Time Assassin" character who is sent on assignments that create disequilibrium according to Todorov's model, before order is restored and the cycle repeats if a sequel is made. Barthes' codes could also be employed to add plot twists, mysteries, and tension to
Narrative Theorists
This document summarizes the theories of several narrative theorists:
- Tzvetan Todorov theorized that narratives follow a three-part structure of equilibrium, disruption, and return to equilibrium.
- Allen Cameron identified four types of modular narratives: anachronic, forking-path, episodic, and split screen.
- Levi Strauss developed the theory of binary oppositions, which sees concepts as relating in pairs of opposites.
- Vladimir Propp analyzed folk tales and identified recurring character types like villains, helpers, and princesses. He broke stories into smallest narrative units.
- An unknown theorist discussed restricted vs. unrestricted narration where the audience knows more or less than
Todorovs theory
Narrative theory studies how stories are structured through sequences of events. Tzvetan Todorov suggested that conventional narratives follow a five stage structure: 1) an initial state of equilibrium, 2) a disruption to the equilibrium, 3) recognition of the disruption, 4) an attempt to repair the disruption, and 5) reinstatement of the equilibrium. This structure can be seen in many films, including The Descent, which follows Todorov's model through the characters' experiences in the caves.
Media narrative theory
This document discusses three theories of media narrative:
1. Propp's theory argues that all stories share the same internal structure of 8 character roles and 31 functions.
2. Levi-Strauss studied how primitive societies functioned and argued they shared elements with advanced societies. He looked at binary oppositions between groups.
3. Equilibrium theory says all stories are about returning to normality after an event disrupts the equilibrium. It examines what event caused the disruption and how the narrative works to restore balance.
Narrative and film theory research
This document discusses various narrative and film theories proposed by different theorists. It begins by distinguishing between narrative, which is how a story is structured and presented in a film through editing, and story, which is the actual plot. It then provides examples of different narrative types like science fiction and horror. The remainder of the document outlines several theorists' contributions to narrative and character theory, including Tzvetan Todorov's theory of narrative structure consisting of equilibrium, disequilibrium, and new equilibrium; Claude Levi-Strauss's concept of binary opposition; Vladimir Propp's identification of common character archetypes; and Erving Goffman's four main character roles in a narrative.
Media theories
Structuralism posits that genres have established codes and conventions that shape audience understanding. For example, horror conventions include isolated, dark locations and weapons. Barthes developed theories of how audiences derive pleasure from narratives despite knowing outcomes. Todorov's theory is that narratives follow a pattern of equilibrium, disequilibrium caused by an opposing force, and restored equilibrium. Propp identified eight common character types like villains, donors, and heroes. Clover's "Final Girl" theory described the common horror movie trope of a virginal female survivor. Freud's theories involved audience identification with masochistic victims rather than sadistic killers.
Narrative theories
Narrative theory examines how stories are structured and told in both fictional and non-fictional media. Several theorists have identified common patterns and structures in narratives, including binary oppositions that reflect cultural beliefs, equilibrium being disrupted and restored, and character archetypes. Roland Barthes identified five codes that help readers make sense of narratives: action, enigma, symbolic, semic, and cultural.
Narrative theory
Vladimir Propp studied folktales and identified 8 character types and 31 functions that advance the story. Propp's theory includes character types like the hero, villain, and princess, and functions like prohibiting the hero or the villain learning about the victim. Levi-Strauss argued that narratives rely on binary oppositions like good/evil that create conflict and drive the story. Both theories can apply to teen horror movies, which feature character types and explore oppositional themes of good versus evil. Barthes' enigma code also fits the genre as teen horror often starts with a mystery like an unsolved murder to pique audience interest.
Media theories
The document discusses several media theories:
- Structuralism states that culture can be understood through systems of signs and meanings are formulated within a culture.
- Post-structuralism critiques structuralism and argues there is no inherent structure in texts.
- Modernism moves away from structure and embraces discontinuity and disruption of conventions.
- Postmodernism knowingly plays with and subverts conventions through techniques like bricolage.
- Psychoanalytic theories like the male gaze and identifying with the final girl character were applied to horror genres.
Narrative theory
This document introduces several theorists of narrative structure, including Tzvetan Todorov, Vladimir Propp, Roland Barthes, and Claude Levi-Strauss. It summarizes some of their main contributions: Todorov proposed narratives follow a structure of equilibrium, disequilibrium, and new equilibrium. Propp identified 31 narrative functions that follow a sequential order. Barthes described codes like the hermeneutic code that establish narrative mysteries. And Levi-Strauss viewed narratives as based on binary oppositions that reveal deeper ideological meanings.
Narrative Theory
This PowerPoint is part of my A2 Media Studies coursework. It briefly explains narrative theory, before going on to talk about different narrative theorists, and how their theories are relevant to my work.
Narrative theories
Vladimir Propp analyzed Russian folktales and identified common narrative elements, concluding that characters can be classified into 7 broad types. Tzvetan Todorov proposed that all storylines follow 5 basic patterns: equilibrium, disruption, realization, restored order, and re-equilibrium. Claude Levi-Strauss analyzed how narratives are structured around the conflict between opposites such as hero vs villain. Examples are given applying Propp's 7 character types to The Avengers and Todorov's 5 patterns to The Hunger Games.
Narrative Theory
The document discusses several theories of narrative structure, including:
1) Circular, episodic, and linear structures. Circular narratives begin with the end while episodic narratives are broken into chapters.
2) Tzvetan Todorov's theory that all narratives follow the basic structure of equilibrium, disequilibrium, and a return to equilibrium.
3) Vladimir Propp's theory that all narratives contain 7 character types like the hero, villain, and princess.
4) Claude Levi-Strauss's idea that narratives are based on conflicts between binary oppositions like good vs evil.
The author concludes that they will use a circular narrative structure for their gangster film opening to engage audiences and set
Theory
Vladimir Propp analyzed Russian folk tales and identified 31 plot elements that recurred across stories. He also noted 8 common character types used to advance the narrative, including the hero, villain, donor, and princess. However, critics argue that Propp ignores differences in character, tone, and mood between tales. Additionally, his focus on the princess as a reward is less applicable to horror genres. Claude Levi-Strauss believed that all narratives are driven by conflicts between binary opposites such as good vs. evil. Finally, Tvetzan Todorov's theory is that stories typically follow a pattern of equilibrium, disruption, and a return to equilibrium or a new equilibrium.
Aspects of narrative answers
This document introduces four key narrative theories:
1. Propp's 7 character archetypes including hero, villain, donor, etc. Examples from Star Wars are given.
2. Todorov's 5-stage narrative structure of equilibrium, disruption, recognition, attempt to repair, new equilibrium. An example film is requested.
3. Levi-Strauss' concept of binary oppositions creating tension, with examples of social classes and sexuality.
4. Barthes' idea of the narrative enigma that creates puzzles driving the story.
The document asks the reader to apply these theories to their own fictional narrative and provides information and examples to help understand each concept.
Tydfgdf media
An antagonist is a character or group that opposes the protagonist and creates conflict for them to overcome. Examples include Sauron opposing the hobbits in Lord of the Rings and Tybalt killing Mercutio, leading to Romeo's exile. However, antagonists are not always villains, as some like Macduff in Macbeth are actually good characters.
A protagonist is the main character of a story that the audience is meant to identify with most. They are often in conflict with the antagonist, who represents obstacles for the protagonist to overcome. While protagonists are usually heroes, they can also be villains or antiheroes from another character's perspective.
Narrative theory presentation
This document provides an overview of narrative theory and several influential theorists. It discusses what narratives are, how they are used in different media forms, and some common narrative structures and techniques. Several theorists are summarized, including Vladimir Propp's character archetypes, Tzvetan Todorov's model of narrative equilibrium and disruption, Roland Barthes' narrative codes, and Claude Levi-Strauss' concept of binary oppositions in establishing meaning. Overall, the document serves as an introduction to foundational concepts in narrative theory and analysis.
Narrative theories
Tzvetan Todorov's narrative theory states that all narratives follow three stages of equilibrium: 1) the initial equilibrium, 2) a disruption of the equilibrium (disequilibrium), and 3) a return to the new equilibrium. Vladimir Propp's character theory suggests there are recognizable character types in narratives, such as heroes, villains, helpers. Claude Levi-Strauss's binary opposition theory says narratives contain opposites like protagonists vs. antagonists that create conflict. Roland Barthes identified five narrative codes that structure how audiences understand stories: action, enigma, semic, symbolic, and cultural.
Narrative structure
The document summarizes theories of narrative structure from four theorists:
1) Tzvetan Todorov theorized that all narratives follow a three-part structure of equilibrium, disruption of equilibrium, and restoration of equilibrium.
2) Vladimir Propp identified certain character types like the hero, villain, and helper that commonly appear across narratives.
3) Claude Levi-Strauss suggested that all narratives are driven by conflicts arising from opposing forces like light vs. dark, good vs. evil.
4) Roland Barthes described how narratives use codes to convey meaning to readers.
Theory
The document discusses three theorists - Tzvetan Todorov, Vladimir Propp, and Claude Levi-Strauss - and their theories on narrative structure. Todorov proposed that all narratives follow the structure of equilibrium, disequilibrium, and a return to equilibrium. Propp identified common character archetypes in stories, including heroes, villains, helpers, and dispatchers. Levi-Strauss believed narratives are driven by binary oppositions such as good vs evil, young vs old, and male vs female. Examples of films that do and do not support each theorist's ideas are provided.
Vladimir Propp's and Tzvetan Todorov’s Narrative Theory
The document discusses Vladimir Propp's theory of narrative roles and applies it to the Pixar film "The Incredibles." It identifies the main characters - Mr. Incredible as the hero, Syndrome as the villain, Mirage and the public as heroines, and Frozone, Helen, Dash, Violet, and Edna Mode as helpers. It also identifies the first omnidroid and Syndrome's computer as donors and Edna Mode as providing brief mentorship. The document then discusses Todorov's theory of narrative structure and applies it to the five stages of equilibrium, disruption, recognition, attempt to repair, and new equilibrium seen in the plot of "The Incredibles."
Strauss binary opposites
Strauss developed the theory of binary opposites, which argues that words derive meaning from their relationship with opposing words. Binary opposites are frequently used in films, especially horror, with common pairs including good vs evil, sane vs insane, and human vs supernatural. While opposites were once simple, like good vs bad in fighting films, modern films use more complex and unusual pairs, as seen in the gradual revelation of vampires vs werewolves in the Twilight series. Harry Potter also relies on the clear binary of Harry as the good guy opposed to Voldemort as the evil one.
Narrative theory
This document discusses several narrative theorists and their contributions. Vladimir Propp analyzed character roles in stories and identified common roles like the hero, villain, and donor. Tzvetan Todorov suggested most narratives follow a pattern of equilibrium, disruption of equilibrium by an outside force, and restoration of a new equilibrium. Roland Barthes proposed that narratives use five codes - action, enigma, symbolic, semantic, and cultural - to engage the reader. Finally, Claude Levi-Strauss examined how stories unconsciously reflect cultural values through symbolic binary oppositions like good vs evil.
Narrative Theory
-Propp character theory
-Todorov stages theory
-Barthes enigma theory
-Strauss binary oppositions theory
NARRATIVE THEORIES
1) The document discusses two narrative theories - Propp's theory involving 7 character archetypes and Todorov's theory of narratives following a three part structure of equilibrium, disruption, and new equilibrium.
2) The film "Through My Eyes" incorporates some but not all elements of these theories. It features a villain, hero, and unknown donor as per Propp, but not all 7 types.
3) For Todorov, it starts at the resolution stage and resets the disruption as the hero being shot rather than showing the full sequence of events.
4) The film draws from multiple narrative theories but does not fully apply to any one, instead combining elements from formal theories and informal societal expectations of
Для чего владельцу бизнеса участвовать в процессе разработки - Сергей Головко...
Создание успешного интернет-магазина. Для чего владельцу бизнеса участвовать в процессе разработки?!
Evaluation question 1
This document provides an analysis of how the author's thriller opening uses, challenges, and develops conventions of real media products. The author drew inspiration from films, TV shows, music, and social media to create their opening. Professional music and footage from shows like Broadchurch and The Missing were analyzed and certain elements like costumes, shots of children, and symbols of missing persons were incorporated into the opening. The opening challenges conventions by focusing on the disappearance of a young girl rather than following a typical thriller storyline. Feedback from sharing the opening on social media was also used to further develop and refine the project.
More Related Content
What's hot
Media theories
Structuralism posits that genres have established codes and conventions that shape audience understanding. For example, horror conventions include isolated, dark locations and weapons. Barthes developed theories of how audiences derive pleasure from narratives despite knowing outcomes. Todorov's theory is that narratives follow a pattern of equilibrium, disequilibrium caused by an opposing force, and restored equilibrium. Propp identified eight common character types like villains, donors, and heroes. Clover's "Final Girl" theory described the common horror movie trope of a virginal female survivor. Freud's theories involved audience identification with masochistic victims rather than sadistic killers.
Narrative theories
Narrative theory examines how stories are structured and told in both fictional and non-fictional media. Several theorists have identified common patterns and structures in narratives, including binary oppositions that reflect cultural beliefs, equilibrium being disrupted and restored, and character archetypes. Roland Barthes identified five codes that help readers make sense of narratives: action, enigma, symbolic, semic, and cultural.
Narrative theory
Vladimir Propp studied folktales and identified 8 character types and 31 functions that advance the story. Propp's theory includes character types like the hero, villain, and princess, and functions like prohibiting the hero or the villain learning about the victim. Levi-Strauss argued that narratives rely on binary oppositions like good/evil that create conflict and drive the story. Both theories can apply to teen horror movies, which feature character types and explore oppositional themes of good versus evil. Barthes' enigma code also fits the genre as teen horror often starts with a mystery like an unsolved murder to pique audience interest.
Media theories
The document discusses several media theories:
- Structuralism states that culture can be understood through systems of signs and meanings are formulated within a culture.
- Post-structuralism critiques structuralism and argues there is no inherent structure in texts.
- Modernism moves away from structure and embraces discontinuity and disruption of conventions.
- Postmodernism knowingly plays with and subverts conventions through techniques like bricolage.
- Psychoanalytic theories like the male gaze and identifying with the final girl character were applied to horror genres.
Narrative theory
This document introduces several theorists of narrative structure, including Tzvetan Todorov, Vladimir Propp, Roland Barthes, and Claude Levi-Strauss. It summarizes some of their main contributions: Todorov proposed narratives follow a structure of equilibrium, disequilibrium, and new equilibrium. Propp identified 31 narrative functions that follow a sequential order. Barthes described codes like the hermeneutic code that establish narrative mysteries. And Levi-Strauss viewed narratives as based on binary oppositions that reveal deeper ideological meanings.
Narrative Theory
This PowerPoint is part of my A2 Media Studies coursework. It briefly explains narrative theory, before going on to talk about different narrative theorists, and how their theories are relevant to my work.
Narrative theories
Vladimir Propp analyzed Russian folktales and identified common narrative elements, concluding that characters can be classified into 7 broad types. Tzvetan Todorov proposed that all storylines follow 5 basic patterns: equilibrium, disruption, realization, restored order, and re-equilibrium. Claude Levi-Strauss analyzed how narratives are structured around the conflict between opposites such as hero vs villain. Examples are given applying Propp's 7 character types to The Avengers and Todorov's 5 patterns to The Hunger Games.
Narrative Theory
The document discusses several theories of narrative structure, including:
1) Circular, episodic, and linear structures. Circular narratives begin with the end while episodic narratives are broken into chapters.
2) Tzvetan Todorov's theory that all narratives follow the basic structure of equilibrium, disequilibrium, and a return to equilibrium.
3) Vladimir Propp's theory that all narratives contain 7 character types like the hero, villain, and princess.
4) Claude Levi-Strauss's idea that narratives are based on conflicts between binary oppositions like good vs evil.
The author concludes that they will use a circular narrative structure for their gangster film opening to engage audiences and set
Theory
Vladimir Propp analyzed Russian folk tales and identified 31 plot elements that recurred across stories. He also noted 8 common character types used to advance the narrative, including the hero, villain, donor, and princess. However, critics argue that Propp ignores differences in character, tone, and mood between tales. Additionally, his focus on the princess as a reward is less applicable to horror genres. Claude Levi-Strauss believed that all narratives are driven by conflicts between binary opposites such as good vs. evil. Finally, Tvetzan Todorov's theory is that stories typically follow a pattern of equilibrium, disruption, and a return to equilibrium or a new equilibrium.
Aspects of narrative answers
This document introduces four key narrative theories:
1. Propp's 7 character archetypes including hero, villain, donor, etc. Examples from Star Wars are given.
2. Todorov's 5-stage narrative structure of equilibrium, disruption, recognition, attempt to repair, new equilibrium. An example film is requested.
3. Levi-Strauss' concept of binary oppositions creating tension, with examples of social classes and sexuality.
4. Barthes' idea of the narrative enigma that creates puzzles driving the story.
The document asks the reader to apply these theories to their own fictional narrative and provides information and examples to help understand each concept.
Tydfgdf media
An antagonist is a character or group that opposes the protagonist and creates conflict for them to overcome. Examples include Sauron opposing the hobbits in Lord of the Rings and Tybalt killing Mercutio, leading to Romeo's exile. However, antagonists are not always villains, as some like Macduff in Macbeth are actually good characters.
A protagonist is the main character of a story that the audience is meant to identify with most. They are often in conflict with the antagonist, who represents obstacles for the protagonist to overcome. While protagonists are usually heroes, they can also be villains or antiheroes from another character's perspective.
Narrative theory presentation
This document provides an overview of narrative theory and several influential theorists. It discusses what narratives are, how they are used in different media forms, and some common narrative structures and techniques. Several theorists are summarized, including Vladimir Propp's character archetypes, Tzvetan Todorov's model of narrative equilibrium and disruption, Roland Barthes' narrative codes, and Claude Levi-Strauss' concept of binary oppositions in establishing meaning. Overall, the document serves as an introduction to foundational concepts in narrative theory and analysis.
Narrative theories
Tzvetan Todorov's narrative theory states that all narratives follow three stages of equilibrium: 1) the initial equilibrium, 2) a disruption of the equilibrium (disequilibrium), and 3) a return to the new equilibrium. Vladimir Propp's character theory suggests there are recognizable character types in narratives, such as heroes, villains, helpers. Claude Levi-Strauss's binary opposition theory says narratives contain opposites like protagonists vs. antagonists that create conflict. Roland Barthes identified five narrative codes that structure how audiences understand stories: action, enigma, semic, symbolic, and cultural.
Narrative structure
The document summarizes theories of narrative structure from four theorists:
1) Tzvetan Todorov theorized that all narratives follow a three-part structure of equilibrium, disruption of equilibrium, and restoration of equilibrium.
2) Vladimir Propp identified certain character types like the hero, villain, and helper that commonly appear across narratives.
3) Claude Levi-Strauss suggested that all narratives are driven by conflicts arising from opposing forces like light vs. dark, good vs. evil.
4) Roland Barthes described how narratives use codes to convey meaning to readers.
Theory
The document discusses three theorists - Tzvetan Todorov, Vladimir Propp, and Claude Levi-Strauss - and their theories on narrative structure. Todorov proposed that all narratives follow the structure of equilibrium, disequilibrium, and a return to equilibrium. Propp identified common character archetypes in stories, including heroes, villains, helpers, and dispatchers. Levi-Strauss believed narratives are driven by binary oppositions such as good vs evil, young vs old, and male vs female. Examples of films that do and do not support each theorist's ideas are provided.
Vladimir Propp's and Tzvetan Todorov’s Narrative Theory
The document discusses Vladimir Propp's theory of narrative roles and applies it to the Pixar film "The Incredibles." It identifies the main characters - Mr. Incredible as the hero, Syndrome as the villain, Mirage and the public as heroines, and Frozone, Helen, Dash, Violet, and Edna Mode as helpers. It also identifies the first omnidroid and Syndrome's computer as donors and Edna Mode as providing brief mentorship. The document then discusses Todorov's theory of narrative structure and applies it to the five stages of equilibrium, disruption, recognition, attempt to repair, and new equilibrium seen in the plot of "The Incredibles."
Strauss binary opposites
Strauss developed the theory of binary opposites, which argues that words derive meaning from their relationship with opposing words. Binary opposites are frequently used in films, especially horror, with common pairs including good vs evil, sane vs insane, and human vs supernatural. While opposites were once simple, like good vs bad in fighting films, modern films use more complex and unusual pairs, as seen in the gradual revelation of vampires vs werewolves in the Twilight series. Harry Potter also relies on the clear binary of Harry as the good guy opposed to Voldemort as the evil one.
Narrative theory
This document discusses several narrative theorists and their contributions. Vladimir Propp analyzed character roles in stories and identified common roles like the hero, villain, and donor. Tzvetan Todorov suggested most narratives follow a pattern of equilibrium, disruption of equilibrium by an outside force, and restoration of a new equilibrium. Roland Barthes proposed that narratives use five codes - action, enigma, symbolic, semantic, and cultural - to engage the reader. Finally, Claude Levi-Strauss examined how stories unconsciously reflect cultural values through symbolic binary oppositions like good vs evil.
Narrative Theory
-Propp character theory
-Todorov stages theory
-Barthes enigma theory
-Strauss binary oppositions theory
NARRATIVE THEORIES
1) The document discusses two narrative theories - Propp's theory involving 7 character archetypes and Todorov's theory of narratives following a three part structure of equilibrium, disruption, and new equilibrium.
2) The film "Through My Eyes" incorporates some but not all elements of these theories. It features a villain, hero, and unknown donor as per Propp, but not all 7 types.
3) For Todorov, it starts at the resolution stage and resets the disruption as the hero being shot rather than showing the full sequence of events.
4) The film draws from multiple narrative theories but does not fully apply to any one, instead combining elements from formal theories and informal societal expectations of
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Vladimir Propp's and Tzvetan Todorov’s Narrative Theory
Vladimir Propp's and Tzvetan Todorov’s Narrative Theory
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Для чего владельцу бизнеса участвовать в процессе разработки - Сергей Головко...
Создание успешного интернет-магазина. Для чего владельцу бизнеса участвовать в процессе разработки?!
Evaluation question 1
This document provides an analysis of how the author's thriller opening uses, challenges, and develops conventions of real media products. The author drew inspiration from films, TV shows, music, and social media to create their opening. Professional music and footage from shows like Broadchurch and The Missing were analyzed and certain elements like costumes, shots of children, and symbols of missing persons were incorporated into the opening. The opening challenges conventions by focusing on the disappearance of a young girl rather than following a typical thriller storyline. Feedback from sharing the opening on social media was also used to further develop and refine the project.
How to seem taller
The document provides tips for seeming taller, including tailoring clothes for a better fit, choosing height-elongating patterns like stripes, wearing pants at the natural waistline, keeping colors darker on the bottom, and drawing attention upward with accessories. It also discusses growing taller through diet, exercise, sleep, and understanding genetics, while avoiding stunting growth with substances.
Mejoramientocrianzaovinos
El documento describe los sistemas de producción ovina en el Altiplano de Hidalgo y recomienda dos dietas para la engorda de ovinos. La cría de ovinos provee alimentos y sustento a los pequeños productores. Se recomienda la raza Katahdin y se describen sus características deseables. Una buena alimentación, genética, salud y manejo son clave para una producción exitosa.
Evaluation Q.1
This document discusses how media products use, develop, or challenge conventions. It notes that all media follows certain guidelines for its genre to be recognizable. The production described generally follows conventions for characters, objects, and editing style typical of an action genre teaser trailer. However, it challenges some conventions, like not including female characters for male appeal and slowing the pace at the end to allow reflection rather than constant action. The challenges were made to make the production unique while still being conventional and enjoyable according to theories of repetition and difference in films.
2. barriers to communication
This document discusses various barriers to communication in organizations. It divides barriers into four categories: 1) Semantic barriers due to misunderstandings caused by ambiguous language, symbols, faulty translations, assumptions and technical jargon. 2) Psychological barriers like premature evaluation, lack of attention, loss during transmission and distrust. 3) Organizational barriers including policies, rules, status differences, complex structures and lack of facilities. 4) Personal barriers for superiors like fear of challenging authority and lack of confidence in subordinates, and for subordinates, unwillingness to communicate and lack of incentives.
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Similar to Narrative theories
Narrative Theories
The document discusses several theorists' perspectives on narrative theories:
- Tzetvan Todorov theorized that all stories follow the same pattern of equilibrium, disruption of equilibrium, and return to equilibrium.
- Vladimir Propp identified common character types that appear across narratives, including villains, donors, helpers, princesses, false heroes, dispatchers, heroes, and fathers.
- Claude Levi-Strauss saw narratives as using binary oppositions and codes to convey meaning and opinions to audiences.
- Roland Barthes said narratives are told through codes that control how information is provided, such as an enigma code to set up and resolve mysteries or an action code that advances the plot through action.
Narrative theorys
This document discusses several narrative theories proposed by Todorov, Propp, Levi-Strauss, and Barthes. Todorov suggested stories follow 5 stages: equilibrium, disruption, recognition, attempt to repair, and reinstatement of equilibrium. Propp identified 8 common character roles in narratives. Levi-Strauss looked at binary themes like good vs evil. Barthes analyzed how texts are constructed and identified 5 codes including action, enigma, semantic, cultural, and symbolic codes.
Narrative theories
The document summarizes several narrative theories:
1) McKee's theory proposes films have 5 stages - an inciting incident, progressive complications, a crisis, climax, and resolution.
2) Todorov's theory states narratives begin with equilibrium, are disrupted by disequilibrium, and end with a new equilibrium.
3) Propp's theory argues narratives typically have 8 character types including a hero, villain, donor, and princess.
4) Levi-Strauss looked at narrative structures in terms of binary oppositions like good and evil rather than plot events.
Narrative theories
Narrative theory examines storytelling across different media like television, film, and literature. It distinguishes between the plot, or visible events presented in order, and the story, which includes both visible and inferred events. Some genres reorder plots to surprise viewers by revealing parts of the story unexpectedly. Vladimir Propp identified common character roles that advance folk tales, like villains, heroes, donors, and helpers. Levi Strauss found that narratives often rely on binary opposites like good vs evil, young vs old, and man vs nature. Conflict stems from these opposites, which are also central to narrative structure. Tzvetan Todorov simplified narrative theory while allowing a more complex interpretation of films, proposing a structure of equilibrium
Media theories
Tzvetan Todorov introduced the idea that all narratives have a classic structure of beginning, middle, and end, with an initial state of equilibrium disrupted by conflict or problem, efforts to restore the equilibrium, and a return to a new equilibrium. Vladimir Propp identified 31 basic storylines that recur, while Roland Barthes explored how audiences experience both predictable "pleasure" and unexpected "jouissance" from narratives. Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory analyzed narrative structures in terms of the id, ego, and superego, and Carol Clover described the "Final Girl" character type in slasher films.
Aspects of narrative
The document discusses several theorists' perspectives on aspects of narrative structure. It describes Vladimir Propp's theory of 7 character archetypes commonly found in folktales. It also outlines Tzvetan Todorov's model of narrative as progressing from equilibrium to disruption to a new equilibrium. Additionally, it discusses Claude Levi-Strauss' concept of binary opposites and Roland Barthes' idea of the narrative enigma, or puzzling element that draws the audience in. Examples are provided to illustrate each concept.
Narrative theory
Claude Levi-Strauss theorized that all narratives are driven by binary oppositions such as good vs evil that must be resolved. Allan Cameron identified four types of modular narratives: anachronic, forking path, episodic, and split screen. Vladimir Propp suggested there are 7 main character types in narratives including the hero, villain, donor, helper, princess, false hero, and dispatcher. Tzvetan Todorov simplified narrative theory to 5 main stages: a state of equilibrium, disruption of equilibrium, recognition of disruption, attempt to repair disruption, and reinstatement of equilibrium which is never identical to the original state.
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This document discusses narrative theory and the work of Todorov and Propp. It explains that Todorov proposed a basic narrative structure of equilibrium, disequilibrium, and re-establishment of equilibrium. It also discusses that Todorov coined the term "narratology" and that Propp analyzed Russian folktales and identified 31 narratemes including absentation, interdiction, and violation of interdiction. Propp also concluded there were broad character types like the villain, dispatcher, and hero.
Planning and research
This document discusses narrative theory and the work of Todorov and Propp. It explains that Todorov proposed a basic narrative structure of equilibrium, disequilibrium, and re-establishment of equilibrium. It also discusses that Todorov coined the term "narratology" and that Propp analyzed Russian folktales and identified 31 narratemes including absentation, interdiction, and violation of interdiction. Propp also concluded there were broad character types like the villain, dispatcher, and hero.
Planning and research
This document discusses narrative theory and the work of Todorov and Propp. It explains that Todorov proposed a basic narrative structure of equilibrium, disequilibrium, and re-establishment of equilibrium. It also discusses that Todorov coined the term "narratology" and that Propp analyzed Russian folktales and identified 31 narratemes including absentation, interdiction, and violation of interdiction. Propp also concluded there were 7 main character types such as villain, dispatcher, and hero.
Planning and research
This document discusses narrative theory and the work of Todorov and Propp. It explains that Todorov proposed a basic narrative structure of equilibrium, disequilibrium, and re-establishment of equilibrium. It also discusses that Todorov coined the term "narratology" and that Propp analyzed Russian folktales and identified 31 narratemes including absentation, interdiction, and violation of interdiction. Propp also concluded there were broad character types like the villain, dispatcher, and hero.
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The document discusses several narrative theories:
1) Todorov's theory that narratives follow a pattern of equilibrium, disruption of equilibrium by an event, and restoration of a new equilibrium through resolution.
2) Propp's theory that characters in narratives serve specific functions like hero, villain, donor, dispatcher, and others.
3) Levi-Strauss analyzed how narratives use codes like enigma, action, and symbolic aspects to engage audiences.
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The document discusses Levi-Strauss' theory of binary opposites in narratives and how it can be applied to analyze different film genres. It also discusses Vladimir Propp's theory of archetypal character roles that frequently appear in stories, such as the hero, villain, helper, and princess. The document provides examples of common binary oppositions used in narratives and discusses how audiences identify with characters like the hero in order to engage with the story.
Narrative theories
Todorov's theory of narrative structure suggests that stories follow a five-step pattern: 1) an initial state of equilibrium, 2) a disruption to the equilibrium, 3) recognition of the disruption, 4) an attempt to repair the disruption, and 5) a reinstatement of the original equilibrium. This pattern applies to mainstream films like The Mummy, Spiderman, Titanic, and Lord of the Rings. Levi-Strauss discovered that narratives are structured around binary opposites like good vs evil, black vs white, and protagonist vs antagonist, with the climax centered around these opposites. Propp studied fairy tales and found they all follow the same narrative structure with eight character roles like the villain, donor,
Media Theories
The document discusses several media theories related to how meaning is constructed in films. It outlines structuralism and how signs and codes convey information based on cultural understanding. It also describes Tzvetan Todorov's narrative theory of equilibrium and disequilibrium in stories. Additionally, it mentions Levi Strauss' concept of binary opposites and visual/conceptual oppositions. Finally, it briefly summarizes Vladimir Propp's eight character archetypes, Carol Clover's final girl theory, and Sigmund Freud's ideas of id, ego, superego, sadism, and masochism.
Kirstie and lauren, narrative
1. Todorov created a narrative theory in 1969 that most stories follow a pattern of equilibrium, disruption of equilibrium by an event, and restoration of a new equilibrium.
2. Propp identified 7 character types that commonly appear in stories, including the villain, donor, dispatcher, and hero.
3. Levi-Strauss discussed the concept of binary oppositions, or pairs of opposites like raw vs cooked, that structure human thought and culture.
Kirstie and lauren, narrative
1. Todorov created a narrative theory in 1969 that most stories follow a pattern of equilibrium, disruption of equilibrium by an event, and restoration of a new equilibrium.
2. Propp identified 7 character types that commonly appear in stories, including the villain, donor, dispatcher, and hero.
3. Levi-Strauss discussed the concept of binary oppositions, or pairs of opposites like raw vs cooked, that structure human thought and culture.
Narrative theory
Narrative theory analyzes how media texts communicate meaning about events through stories. Several theorists have contributed concepts to narrative theory, including Propp who identified character archetypes, Todorov who described narratives as moving from equilibrium to disruption to new equilibrium, and Barthes who identified five codes that make up narratives. Levi-Strauss introduced the concept of binary oppositions in stories, such as representing good as civilized and bad as savage. Genre theory categorizes films by type and studies them as members of genres rather than as unique works. Theorists Buckingham and Altman noted that genres are not static but evolve through negotiation, change, and hybridization with other genres over time.
Narrative investigation
The document discusses different narrative structures and theories of narrative. It describes linear narratives as having a clear beginning, middle, and end, while circular narratives end where they begin. Vladimir Propp analyzed Russian fairy tales and identified character roles like the hero, villain, and dispatcher. Tzvetan Todorov's theory is that narratives move from an initial equilibrium, to a disruption of that equilibrium (disequilibrium), to a restored equilibrium. Claude Levi-Strauss examined how myths reflect a culture's beliefs through binary oppositions like good vs evil.
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Narrative theories help understand narrative structure by identifying patterns and elements within stories. Propp's theory breaks down characters into roles like hero, villain, princess that serve functions in the narrative. Star Wars and Léon apply Propp's roles. Todorov sees narratives following five steps from equilibrium to resolution. Léon fits this pattern. Lévi-Strauss argues narratives use binary oppositions like good vs evil that thicken the plot. Theories have limitations but analyze choices that reveal a narrative's underlying structure.
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Online users and media creators are continually adding data to the internet, causing the total amount of online data to grow exponentially. This datafication process digitizes all knowledge and information, allowing it to be permanently stored online. As a result, computers are becoming more integrated into our daily lives. For example, when browsing and purchasing items on Amazon, your behavior provides data that can be used to recommend new products. Additionally, crowdsourcing utilizes user-generated information to provide reliable content with little to no costs for other users to access online, as seen on forums, Wikipedia, and other information sharing sites.
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Ancillary task 2
The poster summarizes as follows:
The target audience is identified as mostly males ages 15-35 based on the age of the protagonist and themes of action and aggression. The genre is implied to be an action or thriller film based on the protagonist holding a gun. The main character is portrayed as a typical action hero who is aggressive, strong, and in control. Overall, the poster conveys the film will follow genre conventions while having its own independent style.
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The document discusses analyzing successful action films from 2014 to determine the elements that contributed to their success. It provides box office and budget information for two top action films from that year - one in the action/war genre that had domestic video sales of $26 million and worldwide box office of $211 million on a $68 million budget, and another in the fantasy/action genre that had domestic video sales of $60 million and worldwide box office of over $955 million on a $250 million budget.
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This document defines and provides examples of different narrative structures in films:
- Anti-realist films focus on escape and possibilities beyond real-world limitations, like Star Wars.
- Linear narratives tell stories chronologically, like Batman Begins.
- Closed endings conclude the main conflict, while open endings lead to more of the story, like The Incredibles.
- Single strand narratives focus on one story/characters, like Taken, while multi-strand films have multiple plots/characters like SAW.
- Teaser trailers likely won't reveal the full narrative structure but may showcase simple, single plotlines and realistic environments to generate excitement without confusion, as seen in action film trailers.
Analysis of similar texts (b)
The trailer uses close-up shots at the beginning and sudden startling motion shots to create suspense. The hospital-like surroundings and costumes suggest the main character is being experimented on, giving the film a sinister feel. The eerie dramatic music and dramatic dialogue between characters outlines the basic story and builds suspense. The editing varies between a shutter dissolve and jump cuts between scenes to introduce new footage in a fast-paced dramatic way. The main character appears military but almost superhuman, seeming like a deadly threat to the other frightened characters opposing him.
Analysis of similar texts
The document analyzes the camerawork, mise en scene, lighting, sound, editing, and character representation in a movie trailer. The camerawork is smooth and uses various shots to keep the main character the focus. The costumes and props imply the movie will be secretive and shady. The low key lighting makes the trailer dark and gloomy, possibly reflecting the main character's mood. The sound uses minimal dialogue as ominous one-liners and dramatic music to build suspense. The editing relies on cuts and fades with character dialogue as narration. The main character is presented as less in control than usual, while antagonists seem intimidating through silhouetting and dialogue.
What is a teaser trailer
A teaser trailer is a slow introduction that provides small pieces of information about a film or series without revealing too much, building to a climax that may show a main character or minor plot point. The content introduces the theme and genre but does not give away the main plot, showing some of the characters. The purpose is to pique audience interest in the product without fully revealing key details, generating buzz that encourages more people to watch.
Uk film consumption
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Tech + film
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Narrative theories
- 2. Todorov He predicts that narratives follows a structure of equilibrium, disequilibrium and once again returning to a new equilibrium. Presented in a graph it would look like this:
- 3. Propp Propp created a theory in which he proposed 31 narrative features and 7 broad character types. 1.The villain (struggles against the hero) 2.The donor (prepares the hero or gives the hero some magical object) 3.The helper (helps the hero in the quest) 4.The princess (person the hero marries, often sought for during the narrative) 5.The false hero (perceived as good character in beginning but emerges as evil) 6.The dispatcher (character who makes the lack known and sends the hero off) 7.The hero [AKA victim/seeker/paladin/winner, reacts to the donor, weds the princess]
- 4. Strauss Proposed that the constant creation of conflict drives narrative and narrative can only end on a resolution of conflict. This includes the use of binary opposites, stating that if one character exists their exact opposite will exist, creating conflict for the story to progress.
- 5. Barthes Enigma code within stories refers to the fact that in some films clues are given as to what will happen later in the production without actually giving anything important to the story or resolve at the end away, so that the audience will not be able to know entirely what is going on and so will be drawn more into the story of the film.