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The document discusses several narrative theories: 1) Todorov's theory that narratives follow a pattern of equilibrium, disruption of equilibrium by an event, and restoration of a new equilibrium through resolution. 2) Propp's theory that characters in narratives serve specific functions like hero, villain, donor, dispatcher, and others. 3) Levi-Strauss analyzed how narratives use codes like enigma, action, and symbolic aspects to engage audiences.
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Narrative Investigation
Narrative explores how stories are told across different media like speech, writing, film, etc. Conventions are used to tell the story in a recognizable way for the intended audience. Several theorists developed theories about narrative structures. Tzvetan Todorov suggested stories begin with equilibrium, are disrupted by an event, then problems are solved restoring order. Roland Barthes identified 5 narrative codes that engage audiences: action, enigma, symbolic, semic, and cultural. Claude Levi-Strauss examined how stories unconsciously reflect a culture's values and myths. Vladmir Propp classified character roles like hero, villain, donor. Barthes' and Todorov's theories align well with conventions of the horror genre,
Narrative Theory
The document summarizes several narrative theories:
1) Barthes' Enigma Code which suggests texts portray mysteries to intrigue audiences.
2) Todorov's 5 Stages of Narrative where stories begin in equilibrium, face disruption, and restore order.
3) Propp's 8 character types that provide narrative structure, including heroes, villains, helpers.
4) Lévi-Strauss' theory that narratives are structured around conflicts between binary opposites like good vs evil.
Narrative theory mini lesson lydia
This document discusses two narrative theories: Todorov's and Vladimir Propp's. Todorov's theory states that narratives follow the structure of equilibrium, disequilibrium, recognition of the disruption, resolution to resolve it, and restoration of equilibrium. Vladimir Propp analyzed folktales and identified eight recurring character roles. The document asks students to consider how these theories apply and to put the stages of Todorov's theory in order.
Narrative theory
The document discusses different models of narrative structure that can be applied to media texts, including Propp's 31 narrative functions model, Todorov's 5-stage model of narrative, and Roland Barthes' 5 codes of narrative. Propp believed narratives follow a sequence of 31 possible functions or plot points, such as one family member leaving home or a villain deceiving the victim. Todorov saw narratives as moving from an initial equilibrium, through disruption, an attempt to rectify it, to a new equilibrium. Barthes identified codes like hermeneutic (mystery), proairetic (action), and semantic (meaning).
Applying Narrative Theories
The document discusses various narrative theories and concepts that can be used to analyze film narratives, including:
- Linear vs. non-linear narratives and examples of each
- Tzvetan Todorov's 5 stages of narrative structure: equilibrium, disruption, realization, action, new equilibrium
- Vladimir Propp's character archetypes in folktales
- Claude Levi-Strauss's concept of binary oppositions
- Roland Barthes' ideas of the "enigma code" and negotiated meanings
- Narrative point of view and how films manipulate audience sympathy
Representation and genre
This document discusses concepts related to genre and representation in film. It begins by stating that macro-level features like genre require investigating films as a whole and in their social context. Genre is defined as a kind or category of film based on iconography, conventions, and audience expectations. The document then examines theories and criticisms of genre from scholars like Edward Buscombe, Steve Neale, Robert Stam, David Bordwell, and David Buckingham. It questions whether genre is a useful concept and how film trailers employ genre to promote movies.
Narrative in Shawshank Redemption
The document discusses various narrative theories and concepts that are relevant to analyzing the film The Shawshank Redemption. It explains key differences between narrative and story, and how the film uses techniques like flashbacks and multiple storylines. Major narrative theories discussed include those by Todorov on narrative structure, Propp's analysis of character archetypes, and Barthes' concept of negotiated meaning. The film is analyzed in terms of these theories, such as how it follows Todorov's model of equilibrium disruption and restoration.
Narrative theory
The narrative theory analyzes how stories are structured and organized to convey meaning. Tzvetan Todorov suggested that narratives follow a 5-stage structure: establishing equilibrium, disrupting equilibrium, recognizing the disruption, attempting repair, and reinstating equilibrium. Vladimir Propp analyzed fairy tales and proposed that most stories feature 8 character types. Claude Levi-Strauss theorized that all narratives are based on binary oppositions, with the central climax revolving around an opposition such as good vs evil, strong vs weak, etc.
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Narrative Investigation
Narrative explores how stories are told across different media like speech, writing, film, etc. Conventions are used to tell the story in a recognizable way for the intended audience. Several theorists developed theories about narrative structures. Tzvetan Todorov suggested stories begin with equilibrium, are disrupted by an event, then problems are solved restoring order. Roland Barthes identified 5 narrative codes that engage audiences: action, enigma, symbolic, semic, and cultural. Claude Levi-Strauss examined how stories unconsciously reflect a culture's values and myths. Vladmir Propp classified character roles like hero, villain, donor. Barthes' and Todorov's theories align well with conventions of the horror genre,
Narrative Theory
The document summarizes several narrative theories:
1) Barthes' Enigma Code which suggests texts portray mysteries to intrigue audiences.
2) Todorov's 5 Stages of Narrative where stories begin in equilibrium, face disruption, and restore order.
3) Propp's 8 character types that provide narrative structure, including heroes, villains, helpers.
4) Lévi-Strauss' theory that narratives are structured around conflicts between binary opposites like good vs evil.
Narrative theory mini lesson lydia
This document discusses two narrative theories: Todorov's and Vladimir Propp's. Todorov's theory states that narratives follow the structure of equilibrium, disequilibrium, recognition of the disruption, resolution to resolve it, and restoration of equilibrium. Vladimir Propp analyzed folktales and identified eight recurring character roles. The document asks students to consider how these theories apply and to put the stages of Todorov's theory in order.
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The document discusses different models of narrative structure that can be applied to media texts, including Propp's 31 narrative functions model, Todorov's 5-stage model of narrative, and Roland Barthes' 5 codes of narrative. Propp believed narratives follow a sequence of 31 possible functions or plot points, such as one family member leaving home or a villain deceiving the victim. Todorov saw narratives as moving from an initial equilibrium, through disruption, an attempt to rectify it, to a new equilibrium. Barthes identified codes like hermeneutic (mystery), proairetic (action), and semantic (meaning).
Applying Narrative Theories
The document discusses various narrative theories and concepts that can be used to analyze film narratives, including:
- Linear vs. non-linear narratives and examples of each
- Tzvetan Todorov's 5 stages of narrative structure: equilibrium, disruption, realization, action, new equilibrium
- Vladimir Propp's character archetypes in folktales
- Claude Levi-Strauss's concept of binary oppositions
- Roland Barthes' ideas of the "enigma code" and negotiated meanings
- Narrative point of view and how films manipulate audience sympathy
Representation and genre
This document discusses concepts related to genre and representation in film. It begins by stating that macro-level features like genre require investigating films as a whole and in their social context. Genre is defined as a kind or category of film based on iconography, conventions, and audience expectations. The document then examines theories and criticisms of genre from scholars like Edward Buscombe, Steve Neale, Robert Stam, David Bordwell, and David Buckingham. It questions whether genre is a useful concept and how film trailers employ genre to promote movies.
Narrative in Shawshank Redemption
The document discusses various narrative theories and concepts that are relevant to analyzing the film The Shawshank Redemption. It explains key differences between narrative and story, and how the film uses techniques like flashbacks and multiple storylines. Major narrative theories discussed include those by Todorov on narrative structure, Propp's analysis of character archetypes, and Barthes' concept of negotiated meaning. The film is analyzed in terms of these theories, such as how it follows Todorov's model of equilibrium disruption and restoration.
Narrative theory
The narrative theory analyzes how stories are structured and organized to convey meaning. Tzvetan Todorov suggested that narratives follow a 5-stage structure: establishing equilibrium, disrupting equilibrium, recognizing the disruption, attempting repair, and reinstating equilibrium. Vladimir Propp analyzed fairy tales and proposed that most stories feature 8 character types. Claude Levi-Strauss theorized that all narratives are based on binary oppositions, with the central climax revolving around an opposition such as good vs evil, strong vs weak, etc.
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The document discusses several narrative theories and how they relate to the genre of teen horror films. It summarizes Vladimir Propp's theory of character types and plot points in folktales, noting that the film Halloween features some of these types. It also outlines Levi-Strauss's theory of binary oppositions driving narratives and resolving conflicts, and provides examples seen in teen horror films. Finally, it discusses Barthes' theory of an "enigma code" using mystery and questions to engage audiences, especially in murder mystery narratives.
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The document discusses several narrative theories and how they relate to the genre of teen horror films. It summarizes Vladimir Propp's theory of character types and plot points in folktales, noting that the film Halloween features some of Propp's types. It also outlines Levi-Strauss's theory of binary oppositions driving narratives and provides examples like good vs evil. Finally, it discusses Barthes' idea of an "enigma code" using mystery and questions to engage audiences.
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The document discusses several influential narrative theorists and their contributions:
1) Vladimir Propp analyzed Russian fairytales and identified character archetypes like the hero, villain, donor.
2) Tzvetan Todorov proposed most narratives have an initial state of equilibrium, a disruption, then resolution to a new equilibrium.
3) Roland Barthes identified five codes that structure narratives: action, enigma, symbolic, semic, cultural.
4) Claude Levi-Strauss studied how myths unconsciously reflect a culture's beliefs through binary oppositions like civilized/savage.
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Narrative theory
This document discusses several narrative theories:
- Narrative is how a story is told through a sequence of events, while the plot is the order characters learn about events.
- Barthes identified narrative codes like action and enigma that help audiences understand media texts.
- Levi-Strauss said narratives are propelled by conflicts that must be resolved.
- Todorov outlined a typical narrative form of equilibrium, disruption, recognition, attempt to repair, new equilibrium.
- Propp identified 31 narrative functions and 7 character types that commonly appear in stories, influencing many storytellers.
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This document discusses different theories of narrative and storytelling. It explains that narrative is an account of connected events, and is the basis of storytelling in many media forms. It outlines Vladimir Propp's analysis of character roles in stories, including the hero, villain, donor, and dispatcher. Tzvetan Todorov's narrative theory states that most stories follow a pattern of equilibrium, disruption, realization, and restored order. Finally, Roland Barthes proposed that narratives use codes like action, enigma, symbolism, and culture to engage the reader.
Todorovs theory
Narrative theory studies how stories are structured through sequences of events. Tzvetan Todorov suggested that conventional narratives follow a five stage structure: 1) an initial state of equilibrium, 2) a disruption to the equilibrium, 3) recognition of the disruption, 4) an attempt to repair the disruption, and 5) reinstatement of the equilibrium. This structure can be seen in many films, including The Descent, which follows Todorov's model through the characters' experiences in the caves.
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The document discusses different theories of narrative structure. It explains that Tzvetan Todorov viewed most narratives as having an initial state of equilibrium that is disrupted by an outside force, which the protagonist then works to overcome. Vladimir Propp analyzed folktales and identified common character roles like the hero, villain, and helper. Claude Levi-Strauss examined how myths reflect a culture's beliefs through binary oppositions. The document notes these theories can be applied to analyze the narrative structures of genres like horror films.
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The document discusses several theorists' perspectives on narrative theories:
- Tzetvan Todorov theorized that all stories follow the same pattern of equilibrium, disruption of equilibrium, and return to equilibrium.
- Vladimir Propp identified common character types that appear across narratives, including villains, donors, helpers, princesses, false heroes, dispatchers, heroes, and fathers.
- Claude Levi-Strauss saw narratives as using binary oppositions and codes to convey meaning and opinions to audiences.
- Roland Barthes said narratives are told through codes that control how information is provided, such as an enigma code to set up and resolve mysteries or an action code that advances the plot through action.
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This document discusses different aspects of narrative structure in film. It begins by explaining how the opening sequence introduces characters and settings to orient the audience. It then describes how the middle of the narrative develops these elements through changing relationships and new characters. Finally, it states that the closing sequence brings the narrative to a conclusion by resolving unanswered questions about story and characters. The document also briefly mentions multiple storylines, linear/circular/non-linear narratives, narrative possibilities, and character development.
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Vladimir Propp identified common character archetypes that appear in many stories, including heroes, villains, dispatchers, donors, helpers, and princesses. These archetypes serve specific functions in driving the narrative forward and making the story understandable. Many modern films still use these archetypes, and we can identify them in the characters of Shrek and other movies. Understanding archetypes helps us engage with the story by identifying with the hero on their quest.
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This document discusses narrative theory and its application to different genres. It describes several narrative theorists including Vladimir Propp, Tzvetan Todorov, and Roland Barthes. Todorov's theory that narratives typically involve an initial state of equilibrium being disrupted by an outside force fits well with the horror genre, where a protagonist's normal life is threatened by an antagonist or monster. Barthes' concept of "enigma," where the audience must solve a puzzle, also applies to horror narratives that present mysteries for characters and viewers to resolve. The document analyzes how these narrative theories are relevant to understanding the horror genre.
Vaticano la casa ristrutturata con i soldi del bambin gesù bertone calunnie h...
L’ex segretario di Stato si ritrova al centro delle polemiche si difende: «Sono 296 metri quadrati, non ci vivo da solo. Per i lavori ho usato 300 mila euro di risparmi miei I 200 mila versati dalla Fondazione Bambin Gesù? Io non ho autorizzato nulla»
CITTÀ DEL VATICANO - «È una vergogna, non so come difendermi, difendersi dalle calunnie è quasi impossibile. Le vittime sono impotenti». Il cardinale Tarcisio Bertone ha la voce stanca. L’ex segretario di Stato si ritrova al centro delle polemiche, come nel primo Vatileaks. Di nuovo la faccenda dell’appartamento: lo avrebbe ristrutturato con i soldi della Fondazione Bambin Gesù per i bimbi malati. «È offensivo, un’altra delle tante accuse ingiuste e menzognere che ho ricevuto in questi anni».
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The document discusses several narrative theories and how they relate to the genre of teen horror films. It summarizes Vladimir Propp's theory of character types and plot points in folktales, noting that the film Halloween features some of these types. It also outlines Levi-Strauss's theory of binary oppositions driving narratives and resolving conflicts, and provides examples seen in teen horror films. Finally, it discusses Barthes' theory of an "enigma code" using mystery and questions to engage audiences, especially in murder mystery narratives.
Narrative Theory (Media Studies)
The document discusses several narrative theories and how they relate to the genre of teen horror films. It summarizes Vladimir Propp's theory of character types and plot points in folktales, noting that the film Halloween features some of Propp's types. It also outlines Levi-Strauss's theory of binary oppositions driving narratives and provides examples like good vs evil. Finally, it discusses Barthes' idea of an "enigma code" using mystery and questions to engage audiences.
Narrative and film theory research
This document discusses various narrative and film theories proposed by different theorists. It begins by distinguishing between narrative, which is how a story is structured and presented in a film through editing, and story, which is the actual plot. It then provides examples of different narrative types like science fiction and horror. The remainder of the document outlines several theorists' contributions to narrative and character theory, including Tzvetan Todorov's theory of narrative structure consisting of equilibrium, disequilibrium, and new equilibrium; Claude Levi-Strauss's concept of binary opposition; Vladimir Propp's identification of common character archetypes; and Erving Goffman's four main character roles in a narrative.
Media theories
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A genre is a type of art form that is considered a class due to shared characteristics. Subgenres further classify stories within a genre. Hybrid genres combine elements of two or more genres. The document then provides examples of conventions for several popular genres including action, horror, thriller, romance, western, and sci-fi. Conventions are common tropes or roles that help define a genre, such as heroes, villains, supernatural elements, and discoveries.
Narrative Theory
-Propp character theory
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-Strauss binary oppositions theory
Andre bazin
Andre Bazin was a renowned French film critic and theorist who wrote essays exploring his views on cinema. In one essay titled "What is Cinema?", Bazin discusses the repertoire of elements that represent the essential components of a film, including iconography, setting, characters, narrative, style, theme, audience response, and genre hybrids.
Narrative Theory
The document discusses several influential narrative theorists and their contributions:
1) Vladimir Propp analyzed Russian fairytales and identified character archetypes like the hero, villain, donor.
2) Tzvetan Todorov proposed most narratives have an initial state of equilibrium, a disruption, then resolution to a new equilibrium.
3) Roland Barthes identified five codes that structure narratives: action, enigma, symbolic, semic, cultural.
4) Claude Levi-Strauss studied how myths unconsciously reflect a culture's beliefs through binary oppositions like civilized/savage.
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This document discusses various film and television genres. It describes key characteristics of genres such as action, adventure, comedy, crime, documentary, animation, drama, fantasy, horror, romance, science fiction, and thriller. For adventure genres, the protagonist typically journeys to accomplish something while facing obstacles. Action genres similarly involve journeys but with more high-stakes situations. Comedy aims to make audiences laugh through humorous plots and characters. Crime stories focus on crimes and criminals. Documentaries recount real events, while mockumentaries use documentary style for fictional stories. Animation includes genres like anime, children's films, and musicals. Drama explores realistic human struggles. Fantasy relies on magic and supernatural elements. Horror deliberately scares
01 Smartphone Movie Making
These slides accompany a University of Calgary class in Smartphone Movie Making in the School of Creative and Performing Arts
Genre Theories
Auteurism refers to the theory that a film has an author, whether the director, writer, or other creative contributor, who imprints their unique style and themes. Genre describes similarities in narrative elements that classify films, though some argue genres are not truly distinct or pure. Christian Metz applied Freudian psychology and Lacan's mirror theory to explain why films allow an imperfect reflection of reality and access to unconscious dreams.
Narrative theory
This document discusses several narrative theories:
- Narrative is how a story is told through a sequence of events, while the plot is the order characters learn about events.
- Barthes identified narrative codes like action and enigma that help audiences understand media texts.
- Levi-Strauss said narratives are propelled by conflicts that must be resolved.
- Todorov outlined a typical narrative form of equilibrium, disruption, recognition, attempt to repair, new equilibrium.
- Propp identified 31 narrative functions and 7 character types that commonly appear in stories, influencing many storytellers.
Genre sci fi powerpoint questions
Science fiction films must be based on real or potential scientific knowledge to qualify as the genre. Common conventions include futuristic technology, space travel, aliens, and dystopian futures. Science fiction often hybridizes with action-adventure genres due to the spectacle and excitement these provide plot-driven science fiction stories.
Todorovs theory
This document discusses different theories of narrative and storytelling. It explains that narrative is an account of connected events, and is the basis of storytelling in many media forms. It outlines Vladimir Propp's analysis of character roles in stories, including the hero, villain, donor, and dispatcher. Tzvetan Todorov's narrative theory states that most stories follow a pattern of equilibrium, disruption, realization, and restored order. Finally, Roland Barthes proposed that narratives use codes like action, enigma, symbolism, and culture to engage the reader.
Todorovs theory
Narrative theory studies how stories are structured through sequences of events. Tzvetan Todorov suggested that conventional narratives follow a five stage structure: 1) an initial state of equilibrium, 2) a disruption to the equilibrium, 3) recognition of the disruption, 4) an attempt to repair the disruption, and 5) reinstatement of the equilibrium. This structure can be seen in many films, including The Descent, which follows Todorov's model through the characters' experiences in the caves.
Narrative investigation
The document discusses different theories of narrative structure. It explains that Tzvetan Todorov viewed most narratives as having an initial state of equilibrium that is disrupted by an outside force, which the protagonist then works to overcome. Vladimir Propp analyzed folktales and identified common character roles like the hero, villain, and helper. Claude Levi-Strauss examined how myths reflect a culture's beliefs through binary oppositions. The document notes these theories can be applied to analyze the narrative structures of genres like horror films.
Narrative Theories
The document discusses several theorists' perspectives on narrative theories:
- Tzetvan Todorov theorized that all stories follow the same pattern of equilibrium, disruption of equilibrium, and return to equilibrium.
- Vladimir Propp identified common character types that appear across narratives, including villains, donors, helpers, princesses, false heroes, dispatchers, heroes, and fathers.
- Claude Levi-Strauss saw narratives as using binary oppositions and codes to convey meaning and opinions to audiences.
- Roland Barthes said narratives are told through codes that control how information is provided, such as an enigma code to set up and resolve mysteries or an action code that advances the plot through action.
Media - Narrative structure
This document discusses different aspects of narrative structure in film. It begins by explaining how the opening sequence introduces characters and settings to orient the audience. It then describes how the middle of the narrative develops these elements through changing relationships and new characters. Finally, it states that the closing sequence brings the narrative to a conclusion by resolving unanswered questions about story and characters. The document also briefly mentions multiple storylines, linear/circular/non-linear narratives, narrative possibilities, and character development.
GCSE Narrative theories 3
Vladimir Propp identified common character archetypes that appear in many stories, including heroes, villains, dispatchers, donors, helpers, and princesses. These archetypes serve specific functions in driving the narrative forward and making the story understandable. Many modern films still use these archetypes, and we can identify them in the characters of Shrek and other movies. Understanding archetypes helps us engage with the story by identifying with the hero on their quest.
Narrative Investigation
This document discusses narrative theory and its application to different genres. It describes several narrative theorists including Vladimir Propp, Tzvetan Todorov, and Roland Barthes. Todorov's theory that narratives typically involve an initial state of equilibrium being disrupted by an outside force fits well with the horror genre, where a protagonist's normal life is threatened by an antagonist or monster. Barthes' concept of "enigma," where the audience must solve a puzzle, also applies to horror narratives that present mysteries for characters and viewers to resolve. The document analyzes how these narrative theories are relevant to understanding the horror genre.
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Narrative theory
This document discusses several narrative theorists and their contributions. Vladimir Propp analyzed character roles in stories and identified common roles like the hero, villain, and donor. Tzvetan Todorov suggested most narratives follow a pattern of equilibrium, disruption of equilibrium by an outside force, and restoration of a new equilibrium. Roland Barthes proposed that narratives use five codes - action, enigma, symbolic, semantic, and cultural - to engage the reader. Finally, Claude Levi-Strauss examined how stories unconsciously reflect cultural values through symbolic binary oppositions like good vs evil.
Narrative theories brief version
The document discusses different approaches to analyzing narratives. It explains that narratives have common structural elements like a beginning, middle, and end (Aristotle). Narratives also involve an initial equilibrium that is disrupted, leading characters to try and restore the equilibrium (Todorov). Propp identified common character roles and sequence of plot events across folktales. The document also discusses Levi-Strauss' idea of binary oppositions that drive narrative conflict. Overall, the structuralist view is that narratives share underlying patterns and relationships between elements that can be uncovered through analysis.
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The document discusses several narrative theorists and their theories. Vladimir Propp analyzed Russian folk tales and identified common character types like the hero, villain, and donor. Roland Barthes identified narrative codes that structure texts, such as the action code, enigma code, and cultural code. Tzvetan Todorov suggested narratives follow a three-part structure of equilibrium, disruption, and restoration of equilibrium. Claude Levi-Strauss stated that all narratives are organized around binary oppositions like good vs evil. The document provides examples of how these theories can be applied, such as to the film The Incredibles for Propp's characters and Toy Story for Todorov's structure.
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This document summarizes several influential narrative theorists and their contributions to understanding narrative structure in films. It discusses Vladimir Propp's identification of character roles and functions common across Russian fairytales. It also outlines Tzvetan Todorov's model of equilibrium being disrupted by an external force that must be overcome to restore equilibrium. Additionally, it presents Roland Barthes' five narrative codes that engage audiences and Claude Levi-Strauss' concept of binary oppositions unconsciously reflecting a culture's values in myths and stories.
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The document summarizes several narrative theories:
1) Tzvetan Todorov's theory that stories follow an equilibrium-disruption-new equilibrium structure.
2) Vladimir Propp's analysis of folk tales as having recurring character types like heroes, villains, donors that fulfill narrative functions.
3) Claude Levi-Strauss's concept of narratives being driven by binary oppositions like man vs. woman, young vs. old.
Narrative theories slideshare
This document discusses several narrative theorists and their perspectives on narrative structure. Vladimir Propp analyzed Russian fairy tales and identified character roles like the hero, villain, and donor. Tzvetan Todorov suggested that narratives follow a structure of equilibrium, disruption of equilibrium, recognition of disruption, attempt to repair disruption, and reinstatement of equilibrium. Roland Barthes identified five narrative codes - action, enigma, symbolic, semic, and cultural - that help readers make sense of a narrative. Claude Levi-Strauss examined how myths reflect a culture's unconscious beliefs through binary oppositions.
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1. Todorov created a narrative theory in 1969 that most stories follow a pattern of equilibrium, disruption of equilibrium by an event, and restoration of a new equilibrium.
2. Propp identified 7 character types that commonly appear in stories, including the villain, donor, dispatcher, and hero.
3. Levi-Strauss discussed the concept of binary oppositions, or pairs of opposites like raw vs cooked, that structure human thought and culture.
Kirstie and lauren, narrative
1. Todorov created a narrative theory in 1969 that most stories follow a pattern of equilibrium, disruption of equilibrium by an event, and restoration of a new equilibrium.
2. Propp identified 7 character types that commonly appear in stories, including the villain, donor, dispatcher, and hero.
3. Levi-Strauss discussed the concept of binary oppositions, or pairs of opposites like raw vs cooked, that structure human thought and culture.
Narrative presentation
This document summarizes several narrative theories and concepts:
1) It defines the difference between a story (sequence of events) and a narrative (how the story is presented).
2) It describes common narrative structures like linear, open, and circular structures.
3) It outlines Vladimir Propp's character roles that often appear in stories.
4) It explains Tzvetan Todorov's model of equilibrium being disrupted and then restored.
5) It notes Roland Barthes' idea that narratives use codes to control information given to audiences.
Narrative re cap
This document discusses several key concepts in narrative theory. It defines the differences between plot and story, and outlines Todorov's model of narrative structure involving equilibrium, disequilibrium, and restoration of equilibrium. It also discusses how narratives use binary oppositions and character archetypes. Finally, it examines Barthes' narrative codes involving action, enigma, and culture, as well as common narrative techniques like chronology, flashbacks, and motifs.
Narrative theorists
Narrative explores conventions like genre, character, form, and time through how the story is told as events unfold. There are different narrative structures like linear (beginning, middle, end), circular (beginning at the end/middle), open (leaves questions), and closed (definite conclusion). More complex narratives contain plot twists and surprises. Restricted narratives withhold information from audiences while unrestricted narratives assume what audiences know. Narrative theorists like Todorov, Levi-Strauss, and Barthes provide ways to analyze narratives, focusing on equilibrium shifts, binary oppositions, and interpretive codes, respectively. Propp's functions drive narratives through character types and narrative events.
Narrative structure
The document summarizes theories of narrative structure from four theorists:
1) Tzvetan Todorov theorized that all narratives follow a three-part structure of equilibrium, disruption of equilibrium, and restoration of equilibrium.
2) Vladimir Propp identified certain character types like the hero, villain, and helper that commonly appear across narratives.
3) Claude Levi-Strauss suggested that all narratives are driven by conflicts arising from opposing forces like light vs. dark, good vs. evil.
4) Roland Barthes described how narratives use codes to convey meaning to readers.
Narrative Theory
The document discusses several influential narrative theorists and their contributions:
1) Vladimir Propp analyzed Russian fairytales and identified character archetypes like the hero, villain, donor.
2) Tzvetan Todorov proposed most narratives have an initial state of equilibrium, a disruption, then resolution to a new equilibrium.
3) Roland Barthes identified five codes that structure narratives: action, enigma, symbolic, semic, cultural.
4) Claude Levi-Strauss studied how myths unconsciously reflect a culture's beliefs through binary oppositions like civilized/savage.
Narrative theories
This document provides an overview of several narrative theories and theorists, including their key concepts and structures. It discusses Vladimir Propp's analysis of Russian folktales and identification of character types and 31 narrative functions. It also outlines Roland Barthes' description of narrative codes, Tzvetan Todorov's concept of equilibrium shifts, and Claude Levi-Strauss' view of narratives created through binary oppositions. Examples are given of each theorist's approach.
Levi strauss and Vladimir Propp
The document discusses structural anthropology developed by Claude Levi-Strauss which proposes that people think in terms of binary oppositions such as good vs evil. This theory can be applied to media narratives which often feature opposing themes. Vladimir Propp also identified character archetypes that frequently appear in folktales, including the hero, villain, donor, dispatcher, and princess. Examples are given of how these structural concepts apply to various movies.
Narrative theories
Narrative theory examines storytelling across different media like television, film, and literature. It distinguishes between the plot, or visible events presented in order, and the story, which includes both visible and inferred events. Some genres reorder plots to surprise viewers by revealing parts of the story unexpectedly. Vladimir Propp identified common character roles that advance folk tales, like villains, heroes, donors, and helpers. Levi Strauss found that narratives often rely on binary opposites like good vs evil, young vs old, and man vs nature. Conflict stems from these opposites, which are also central to narrative structure. Tzvetan Todorov simplified narrative theory while allowing a more complex interpretation of films, proposing a structure of equilibrium
Approaches to narrative theory
The document discusses various approaches to analyzing narratives. It describes Aristotle's view that narratives have a beginning, middle, and end. It also outlines Vladimir Propp's analysis identifying 31 possible narrative functions that tend to appear in consistent order. Additionally, it summarizes Joseph Campbell's theory of the "monomyth" or hero's journey narrative structure involving stages like the call to adventure and return from the quest.
Approaches To Narrative Theory
The document discusses various approaches to analyzing narratives. It describes Aristotle's view that narratives have a beginning, middle, and end. It also outlines Vladimir Propp's analysis of 31 possible narrative functions that tend to appear in folktales in a consistent sequence. Additionally, it discusses Joseph Campbell's concept of the "monomyth" or hero's journey narrative structure that is common across cultures.
Planning and research- Todorov and Props
This document discusses narrative theory and the work of Todorov and Propp. It explains that Todorov proposed a basic narrative structure of equilibrium, disequilibrium, and re-establishment of equilibrium. It also discusses that Todorov coined the term "narratology" and that Propp analyzed Russian folktales and identified 31 narratemes including absentation, interdiction, and violation of interdiction. Propp also concluded there were broad character types like the villain, dispatcher, and hero.
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Short stories info
- 1. Media Studies Todorov’s Narrative Theory Equilibrium – a sense of normality Disruption – resolved and a new normality is established. New disruption – Todorov suggested that stories always begin in a state of equilibrium where opposing forces are in balance. Then an event will disrupt the equilibrium and a chain of events will follow until equilibrium has been restored. Propp Vladimir Propp’s theory that ‘characters’ in narratives serves ‘functions’. Hero (seeks something) Villain (opposes the hero) Donor (helps the hero by providing a magic object) Dispatcher (sends the hero on his way) The false hero (acts good turns out to be bad) The helper (gives support to the hero) The princess (the prize for the hero but also needs protection) Father (usually the one that gives rewards to the hero) Levi Strauss
- 2. Really difficult Barthes said there are various ‘codes’ in narratives Enigma – teasing the audience by giving them puzzles or riddles to be solved. Action – events develop and unfold through action sequences. For example; a gun fight, a car chase etc. Symbolic – (connotations) the audience may pick up on symbolic aspects of the narrative, there may be metaphors in the film, characters may be metaphors for wider themes, events may be symbolic of wider themes.