Narrative paradigm
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The document summarizes the Narrative Paradigm theory proposed by Fisher. It discusses that the theory views people as storytelling creatures that comprehend life as ongoing narratives. The Narrative Paradigm sees narration as the basis for human communication and assumes people make decisions based on "good reasons" that vary by context. It also critiques the theory for being overly optimistic that people naturally prefer truths.
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Narrative paradigm
Walter Fisher proposed the narrative paradigm theory, which argues that human communication should be viewed as storytelling. According to the theory, people experience and understand their lives as a series of stories that have a beginning, middle, end, characters, and conflict. The way people communicate events in their past and future involves telling stories and constructing logical arguments using good reasons based on history, culture, and the people involved.
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It is actually how would the readers response to the message of the writer. Without the writer making his work, there would not be readers. And out readers reading the writers' work, there would not be sense of having it. It is actually a vice-versa relationship where both should function according to their role.
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Narrative paradigm
Walter Fisher proposed the narrative paradigm theory, which argues that human communication should be viewed as storytelling. According to the theory, people experience and understand their lives as a series of stories that have a beginning, middle, end, characters, and conflict. The way people communicate events in their past and future involves telling stories and constructing logical arguments using good reasons based on history, culture, and the people involved.
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- For a narrative to be considered reasonable according to the narrative paradigm, it must have narrative fidelity by resonating with one's experiences and coherence by having a consistent internal logic and fitting with other known stories.
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The document discusses cooperation and implicature in conversations. It explains that cooperation is the basis for successful conversations, as people try to converse smoothly. Cooperation and implicature are fundamentally linked, as conversations assume people are not trying to confuse or withhold information from each other. Implicature conveys additional meaning beyond what is literally said, which listeners infer. The cooperative principle and Grice's maxims provide guidelines for effective language use. Scalar, particularized, conventional implicatures are discussed as ways additional meanings are communicated.
Seven Different Traditions In The Field Of Communication
There are seven traditions in communication theory:
1) The socio-psychological tradition emphasizes the scientific perspective and focuses on the source, content, and audience characteristics of persuasive messages.
2) The cybernetic tradition introduced the concept of communication as information processing and the idea of feedback to reduce uncertainty.
3) The rhetorical tradition sees speech as distinguishing humans and focuses on public address and the power and beauty of language to persuade.
4) The semiotic tradition studies signs and how they signify through indication, representation, or arbitrary convention.
5) The socio-cultural tradition views communication as producing and reproducing culture and how language shapes what people do and think.
6) The critical tradition focuses on the unjust
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The document discusses integrating discourse analysis and pragmatics into teaching grammar. It begins by defining pragmatics and outlining some key pragmatic concepts like implicature, presupposition, and conversational maxims. It then analyzes an episode of an English language TV show to identify violations of the maxims. Finally, it argues that teaching grammar should develop both grammatical competence and discourse/pragmatic competence. Teachers should focus on how sentences are combined into coherent and pragmatically appropriate discourse. This approach helps students understand and produce language in context.
Grice maxims
The document discusses Paul Grice's theory of conversational implicature and how speakers imply meanings beyond what they literally say through observations of the cooperative principle and its maxims of quality, quantity, relation and manner. It provides examples of how implicatures can be inferred from utterances that seem to violate these maxims. The cooperative principle aims to explain how listeners can understand a speaker's intended meaning, even when the utterance appears untrue, unrelated or absurd on the surface.
Cooperative principle.
The document summarizes Grice's theory of conversational implicature, which proposes that conversations are generally cooperative endeavors governed by a cooperative principle and four maxims: quality, quantity, relation, and manner. It provides definitions and examples of each maxim, and explains how apparent violations of the maxims, known as floutings, can imply additional meanings through implicature.
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This document is an introduction to epistemology that discusses what epistemology is, epistemological questions, definitions of knowledge, the Gettier problem and responses to it, internalism and externalism, how knowledge is acquired through different types of propositions and acquisition theories, the regress problem, what people know, and applications of epistemology. It addresses key topics in epistemological theory and the nature of knowledge over 21 sections.
Narrative paradigm and narrative 2.0 new
This document discusses Walter Fisher's Narrative Paradigm theory and how it relates to social media narrativity. The key points are:
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- People naturally impose narrative interpretations on information and experiences. Learning involves creating narrative frames to organize new knowledge.
- On social media, individuals construct "narrative learning trails" by appropriating available resources and connecting them through links/shares. This allows for agency in determining knowledge.
- Readers on social media are assumed to be familiar with the topics or able to navigate unfamiliar spaces to engage with content.
Pragmatics
This document provides an overview of pragmatics and summarizes several key concepts in pragmatics. It begins with defining pragmatics as the systematic study of language use in context. It then distinguishes pragmatics from semantics and discourse analysis. Several pragmatic concepts are then summarized in 1-2 sentences each, including speech act theory, conversational implicature, conversational maxims, politeness, presupposition, deixis, and reference and inference. The document aims to introduce some of the main topics and approaches in the field of pragmatics.
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Lit204 lecture-1-wk-one(2010)
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The document summarizes several theories and traditions related to communication and interpretation:
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Memory is a social and political construction. Discuss.·.docx
Memory is a social and political construction. Discuss.
· The title must appear at the top of your first page as set out in the list attached (The title must not be altered or changed in any way)
· You should use spacing (1.5) and font size 12
· Correct spelling and appropriate paragraphing should be evident
· There should be no widows or orphans, i.e. headings left alone at the bottom of the page
· You should provide references for every citation within the text – omissions will be penalised - References should be written in accord with a referencing convention that is consistent with your major course of study, e.g. APA
Marks will be awarded for:
· Answering the question
· Observing academic conventions
· Adopting a clear and sophisticated style of writing
· Identifying and addressing key issues raised by the question
· Breadth and depth of relevant knowledge
· Depth of analysis, Clarity of argument, Soundness of argument
· Originality of argument
You might find these articles relevant to the topicBaumeister, R. F. & Hastings, S. (1997). Distortions of collective memory: How groups flatter and deceive themselves. In J. W. Pennebaker, D. Paez, & B. Rimé. Collective memory of political events: Social psychological perspectives. Mahwah, NJ: LEA.
Liu, J. H., & Hilton, D. J. (2005). How the past weights on the present: Social representations of history and their role in identity politics. British Journal of Social Psychology, 44, 537–556.
Lászlo ́, J. (2003). History, identity and narratives. In J. Lászlo ́, & W. Wagner (Eds.), Theories and controversies in societal psychology (pp. 180–192). Budapest, Hungary: New Mandate.
Pennebaker, J. W., Paez, D., & Rime, B. (Eds.). (1997). Collective memory of political events: Social psychological perspectives. Mahwah, NJ: LEA.
1700 WORDS REQUIRED essay] and 300 words reflective writing, for reflective writing, I will send you the lecture slides and you will need to reflect upon those slide
to get mark:
Displays a systematic and sophisticated knowledge and understanding of the subject. Is extensively researched and shows a critical awareness of current issues within the field.
Original argument reflecting synthetically on the issues raised in the module. Authoritative and reflective use of supporting material.
Demonstrates a sophisticated understanding of theoretical and critical concepts which includes the ability to reflect critically.
Excellently presented work that conforms to all required academic conventions. Written in a style that is lucid and precise.
Displays a strong and intelligent knowledge and understanding ofthe subject. Is extensively researched and referenced in breadth
and depth.
slides 1.ppt
Epistemology – how do we generate legitimate knowledge?Physical and metaphysical reality (Metaphysics: branch of philosophy that investigates the first principles of nature, e.g. ontology – the science of being)Psychological realities (experience and perception)Social and p ...
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This document summarizes two chapters from different books.
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This document discusses different types of discourses including conversations, narratives, and autobiographies. It defines a discourse as a way of thinking that shapes knowledge and behavior through the exercise of power via language. Discourse analysis examines how power operates through language in texts. Conversational analysis rigorously investigates features of conversations like how meaning is constructed. Narratives tell stories using descriptive details, while autobiographies are subjective narratives that construct identity through selective life stories.
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This document discusses the erosion of trust in public institutions and proposes an alternative approach to moral reasoning called moral imagination and moral intelligence. Moral imagination involves embracing complexity, recognizing relationships between people, and imagining new solutions. Moral intelligence questions assumptions, identifies resources to challenge norms, and applies critical thinking. The author argues this approach views people as resilient beings and ethics as political, seeking human flourishing over salvation. Exercising moral imagination and intelligence could transform discourse to find ethical solutions to complex problems.
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Engl 1023 spr 17 paper 2 downs powerpoint
Doug Downs defines rhetoric as the operating system by which humans make meaning and interact through symbolic communication. He views rhetoric as encompassing all aspects of human interaction, including nonverbal cues and the interpretation of sensory information by the brain. Downs identifies several key elements of rhetoric, including motivation, ecology, knowledge making, and identification. He also discusses Aristotle's canons of rhetoric and concludes that rhetorical acts are situated, motivated, contingent, interactional, epistemic, and embodied.
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This chapter explores different tests used to determine truth, including correspondence, coherence, pragmatism, and tests used in religion, science, history, and literature. It discusses philosophical concepts like warrantability, laws of thought, and challenges to determining objective truth. Truth is examined through lenses of religion, science, history, texts, and different cultures or philosophies like Zen Buddhism. Determining truth is shown to be complex with many perspectives and no universal agreement.
Information About Essay
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This document discusses different philosophical methods for determining truth, including phenomenology, existentialism, postmodernism, and logic. Phenomenology views truth as based on one's consciousness. Existentialism sees truth as exercising personal freedom and choice. Postmodernism rejects the idea of absolute truth, viewing truth as culturally constructed. Logic and critical thinking use reasoning and identifying fallacies to evaluate arguments. The document provides examples of deductive and inductive reasoning as well as common logical fallacies.
Methods of philosophizing
This document discusses different philosophical methods for determining truth: phenomenology bases truth on consciousness; existentialism bases it on personal freedom and choice; postmodernism rejects absolute truth and emphasizes cultures and power structures; analytic tradition views language as socially constructed. It also discusses logic and critical thinking as tools to reason, distinguish facts from opinions, and identify fallacies. Logical arguments can be deductive, moving from general premises to specific conclusions, or inductive, using observations to make probable claims.
Narrative theory
Narrative theories propose that all stories follow common patterns and structures. Theorists like Tzvetan Todorov, Vladimir Propp, Claude Levi-Strauss, and Roland Barthes identified recurring elements of narratives, such as having a beginning, middle, end with disruption and resolution (Todorov), common character roles and functions (Propp), use of binary oppositions to develop meaning (Levi-Strauss), and codes like enigma and action that control information (Barthes). Narratives are important across fiction and non-fiction as they influence how audiences respond to and understand media texts.
Dr Rosemary Howell
This document discusses meaning making in dispute resolution. It begins by outlining the concept of meaning making and how we unconsciously draw on our knowledge and experiences to make sense of the world. It then explores various perspectives on meaning making from fields like psychology, learning theory, and neuroscience. Specifically, it discusses how narratives and meaning making can influence our perspectives and make us resistant to change. The document suggests that as dispute resolvers, we should heighten our awareness of meaning making, explore parties' narratives, and reflect on how we can integrate meaning making into our processes to help parties overcome resistance and reframe their perspectives.
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This document provides an overview of symbols in religion and culture and their impact on shaping mindsets and justifying oppression. It discusses how symbols are potent tools that can lift humanity or celebrate subjugation. While interest in religion and spirituality can be positive, dogma and oppression should not be justified by appeals to the past. Different scholars can interpret religious texts in vastly different ways to support different ideological positions. A responsible use of symbols is needed to promote inclusion and liberation rather than division. Going beyond limiting constructs of language and religion can help create a more just, dignified and equitable society.
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Narrative paradigm
- 1. Narrative Paradigm Steven Smith & Brittani Hunter
- 2. Main Idea: People are story telling creatures. “We experience and comprehend life as a series of ongoing narratives, as conflicts, characters, beginnings, m iddles, and ends.”
- 3. • Fisher defines “Narration” as “symbolic actions—words and/or deeds—that have sequence & meaning for those who live, create, or interpret them” • Views narration as the basis of all human communication.
- 4. “Paradigm” is defined as “a conceptual framework; a universal model that calls for people to view events through common interpretive lens.”
- 5. Rational Paradigm • Assumes that… – People are essentially rational. – We make decisions on the basis of arguments. – The type of speaking situation (legal, scientific, legislative) determines the course of our argument. – Rationality is determined by how much we know and how well we argue. – The world is a set of logical puzzles that we can solve through rational analysis.
- 6. Rational Paradigm (cont’d) • Suggests that logic is privileged over emotion. • Empiricism reigns. • Rise of technological experts. • Logos is reduced to “philosophical discourse & statements.”
- 7. Narrative Paradigm Assumptions • People are storytellers. • We make decisions based on good reasons, which vary depending on the communication context & medium. • History, biography, culture, and character determine what we consider good reasons. • Narrative rationality is determined by the coherence and fidelity of our stories. • The world is a set of stories from which we choose.
- 8. Narrative coherence: internal consistency in the story; the story hangs together. Narrative fidelity: the compatibility between the values in a message and what listeners consider truthful and humane; “story strikes a responsive chord”.
- 9. Narrative rationality: A way to evaluate the worth of stories based on narrative coherence and narrative fidelity. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6rPFvLUWkzs http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WO8imsZl1F8 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ilJQsBLAIE0
- 10. Critique of Fisher Critics of the Narrative Paradigm claim that Fisher is overly optimistic in his view that people have a natural tendency to prefer the true and just.