The document discusses the rhetorical device of antithesis. Antithesis involves juxtaposing two opposing or contrasting ideas in balanced phrases or sentences. It can highlight a point by showing its opposite, jar a reader by breaking patterns, or express complex ideas through contrasts in language. Famous examples from literature and speeches use antithesis powerfully by opposing key words, clauses, or entire sentences. Antithesis has a natural appeal as it organizes thoughts in a way that people find evocative.

1. RHETORICAL DEVICES:
ANTITHESIS

2. • Rhetorical devices are the tools used by writers to choose
words and phrasing in order to create meaning.
• Some rhetorical devices play on the sounds or structure of
words, such as onomatopoeia (words that imitate the
sounds they describe) or alliteration (repetition of initial
consonants in words).
• Other rhetorical devices are based on word meanings, such
as simile and metaphor (which compare things).
• Parallelism and antithesis are rhetorical devices that can
utilize both word or phrase sounds and meanings.

3. WHAT DO YOU NOTICE…
“It was the best of times, it was the worst of times.”
Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities
What is the effect of introducing a relationship of
opposites such as this in the opening sentence of a
story?

4. WHAT DO YOU NOTICE…
• It was the best of times, it was the worst of times,
• it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of
foolishness,
• it was the season of Light, it was the season of
Darkness,
• it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair,
• we had everything before us, we had nothing before
us….

5. WHY?
• Writers and speakers use antithesis to highlight a
point by highlighting its opposite.
• Or they may use antithesis in the structure of
sentences to jar a listener or reader by breaking a
pattern.
• In each case, the writer or speaker is expressing a
point or opinion by presenting a relationship of
opposites.
• This provokes interest and a response from the reader
or listener.

6. A FAIRLY SIMPLE WAY TO SHOW
A COMPLEX THOUGHT.
Antithesis makes use of a contrast in language to bring
out a contrast in ideas. It is one of the most attractive
and powerful tools in speech and writing. Some of the
most famous lines in modern history are built on the
antithesis, from Neil Armstrong’s “That’s one small step
for man, one giant leap for mankind,” to Martin Luther
King, Jr.’s “…not be judged by the color of their skin but
by the content of their character.”

7. MORE ON ANTITHESIS
• Antithesis has a natural beauty to the human ear
because we are creatures who love to organize and
categorize our thoughts and ideas.
• Antithesis organizes ideas in a way that is both
evocative and powerful, and it is an excellent tool to
have in your writer’s toolbox.
• Antithesis can be built by contrasting any of different
parts of a statement.

8. • You may wish to keep the structure of the sentences identical, but use two
opposing words.
• You may wish to change entire clauses to contrast with one another.
• You may even wish to have whole sentences oppose one another throughout
the course of a paragraph. While simply opposing a key word can be the
easiest to build, longer uses of antithesis can be very powerful.

9. EXAMPLES
• “Life can be kind and cruel, full of hope and
heartache.”
• “We live within our limits, for we are men, not gods.”
• “I speak not from ignorance, but from experience.”
• “War is not fought to achieve joy, but rather to avoid
pain.”
• “The villain lives by his wits, not by his labor.

10. • “We are caught in war, wanting peace. We are torn by individuals, wanting
unity.”- Richard Nixon
• “If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few
who are rich.”-John F. Kennedy
• Marc Antony: “ I came to bury Caesar, not to praise him.”- Shakespeare (Julius
Caesar)
• “I pass with relief from the tossing sea of Cause and Theory to the firm
ground of Result and Fact.”- Winston Churchill
• “Extremism in defense of liberty is no vice; moderation in the pursuit of
justice is no virtue.” –Barry Goldwater
• Brutus: “Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more.” –
Shakespeare (Julius Caesar)
• “It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom,
it was the age of foolishness…” –Charles Dickens (A Tale of Two Cities)
• “To err is human, to forgive, divine.”- Alexander Pope (An Essay on Criticism)
• “Fair is foul, and foul is fair.” –Shakespeare (Macbeth)