Narrative refers to how a story is told or presented, rather than just the plot. There are several theories about narrative structure and how meaning is created for audiences. Todorov's theory proposed that narratives follow a structure of equilibrium, disequilibrium, and new equilibrium. Kuleshov's theory, demonstrated through experiments, showed that editing creates meaning through the association of images and manipulation of aspects like rhythm, time, and pace. More recent theorist Cameron proposed modular narratives, where time is not presented in a straightforward linear way. Editing is an important way of telling stories and creating intended perceptions through techniques like those explored by Kuleshov nearly 100 years ago.
i am not sure where i have acquired this so if you are the audience i apologise for not citing your creative and intellectual rights. I suspect I found it somewhere on here or on an OCR training day - i have changed it somewhat so thanks for the original
i am not sure where i have acquired this so if you are the audience i apologise for not citing your creative and intellectual rights. I suspect I found it somewhere on here or on an OCR training day - i have changed it somewhat so thanks for the original
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Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
3. What is narrative?
• It is NOT the plot or the story
• It’s how the story is told/presented to an
audience to create meaning to an audience
• Remember the narrative theory and structure
changes because the way we tell stories
changes (think of films 20 years ago compared
to today)
5. The basic theories (a bit dated )
Theorist Their theory explained
Todorov Narrative structure = equilibrium, disequilibrium, new equilibrium
Strauss Binary opposites = binary opposition forms a fundamental way to
understanding narrative (opposition offers structure or a premise to a
text)
Barthes Codes – narrative is all about anticipation and expectation. His codes
encourage explanations of how audiences seek clues and answers to
predict possible outcomes
Enigma code*
Action code*
Semantic code*
Symbolic code
Cultural code
*know these at minimum
Propp Character types – narratives always have certain character types who
perform certain roles/actions (7 character types are: hero, villain, dispatcher,
donor, helper, heroine, false hero)
6. Other theorists (more recent)
Theorist Their theory explained
Kuleshov
effect
(Lev
Kuleshov)
The power of editing to create meaning on audience (editing is a way
to tell a story or the way to create an intended perception of a story)
Image (assembly/connection between images)
Rhythm (pace)
Space (where things are)
Time (over what period of time? Example – transitions)
Cameron Modular narratives – contemporary cinema has modular (segmental)
narrative structures where sense of time is manipulated (it’s not
presented straight-forwardly)
Forking path
Episodic
Anachronic
Split Screen
Cook Hollywood narrative – these films include structures that are ‘linear’
“linear narrative with cause and effect within overall narrative of
enigma resolution and a high degree of narrative closure”
Similar to todorov
7. Do 1 old, 1 new
•
• Such as:
old=Todorov (but make links to cook)
new= Kuleshov ?
8. Other useful narrative terms
• Diegesis
• Narrative Range: unrestricted / restrictive narrative
• Narrative depth: objective character identification (POV) /
subjective character identification
9. Kuleshov
• editing creates meaning
• Background: history of editing – there wasn’t any before! All meaning came from MES, think of
how editing creates so many meanings to audiences………remember best editing is invisible!
• Around the time soon after came about he held an experiment to measure audience response
which suggested how important context was (because you can easily lead people to believe
anything)
• Even Alfred Hitchcock considers this theory!
• Editing creates meaning of the following things:
Images Assembly – association of images
Rhythm Pace – establish sense of pace (linked to time)
Time Temporal – how long? When?
10. Kuleshov examples
• Original video (2 experiments)
• Alfred hitchcock video
• Charlie brooker wipe
• Scary Mary
http://ocrmediaconference2014.weebly.com/workshops.html
Scroll down to MICHAEL PARKES prezi on ‘editing’
11. Kuleshov examples
Original video
(2 experiments)
By image association
Guy face then cut to food = hungry or nautious
Guy face then cut to baby = caring/father (or pedo!)
Alfred
Hitchcock video
Same as above
Charlie brooker
wipe
(could be a theorist) - theory = ***can create meaning through
editing because of technological advancements***
-reality TV (with changing footage/cuts/voiceover/music etc)
Scary Mary Making meaning by genre narrative conventions
(change a film to horror by just changing the narrative structure)
-cuts to represent her as a villian/mad
-haunting music
-fast pace etc
12. AS or A2?
• Some people say AS is easier but you could do A2:
• Documentaries –
remember documentary mode theory (BILL NICHOLS)
– Documentaries still tell stories even though they are ‘real’ or non-fiction
(remember you edit it in such a way to persuade people to believe something)
– You could discuss that some of the theories at A2 because of the text (genre of
doc/print) are challenged because they aren’t film based
Ancillary (print work)
• How elements are placed in design work and how layout and visual
hierarchy create a logical ‘story’
• Also how these ‘stories’ or ‘narratives’ create enigma to consume the
product (like your advert was a ‘preview’ to your documentary – it
previewed part of a wider narrative)
13. Revision notes
Theorist/theory Coursework ex 1
1 Part in your sequence
Coursework ex 2
1 Part in your sequence
Coursework ex 3
1 Part in your sequence
Todorov
If you can
Strauss
Cook
Kuleshov