Nanotechnology
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Nanotechnology involves manipulating matter at the nanoscale (1 billionth of a meter) to create new materials and devices. There are two main approaches to synthesizing nano-phase materials: top-down, which breaks down bulk materials into nano sizes, and bottom-up, which builds materials atom by atom. Electrospinning is a commonly used bottom-up technique to produce nanofibers less than 500 nm in diameter for applications such as filters, protective fabrics, and tissue scaffolds. Nanotechnology has applications in fields like electronics, energy, materials, medicine, and textiles. It promises to revolutionize industries and improve lives through targeted drug delivery, artificial organs, stronger/lighter materials, pollution cleanup, and more.
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Nanotechnology
- 1. NanoNano FIBERSFIBERS ProductionsProductions And ItsAnd Its ApplicationsApplications BY Yagnanarayana.K Anil kumar .J
- 2. “Nanotechnology is the art and science of manipulating matter at the nanoscale” What is NanoNanotechnologytechnology?
- 3. A nanometer is… – one billionth of a meter How Small Is NanoNanoscale? Human Hair: Approx. 1x105 nmDNA Sample: Approx. 2 nm
- 5. Nano tech • Nano tech is the design characterization production and application structures, devices and system by controlling shape & size at the nano scale. • This technology that can work at the Molecular level, atom by atom to create large structures with improved molecular organization.
- 6. SYNTHESIS OF NANOPHASE MATERIALS There are 2 ways in synthesis of Nano phase materials they are: Top down approach •Bottom up approach
- 7. • Top down approach involving breaking down the bulk materials to nano sizes (Eg. Mechanical alloying) • Bottom up approach the nano particles also made by building atom by atom (Eg. Inert gas condensation)
- 8. Techniques for synthesizing of nano phase materials • Mechanical alloying • Inert gas condensation • Sol-gel technique • Electro spinning method • Plasma and laser processing spraying Among these techniques electro-spinning techniques has been proved successfully for industrial production
- 9. Nano tech in textile Nano tech research efforts in textile have focused on 2 main areas 1.Upgrading existing functions and performance of textile materials 2. Developing intelligent textiles with completely new characteristics and functions
- 10. NANO FIBERS • In general, the nano fibers are taken to be the fibers between 100-500 nm in diameter. • Fibers have nano scale diameters including high surface area to volume ratio film thinness, porous structure, lighter weight, desired level of modulus of elasticity and etc., • These value added nano fibers used effectively in medicals, filters, liners for toxic chemical protective, protective fabrics, tissue scaffolds, drug delivery and many other advance applications.
- 11. PRODUCTION OF NANO FIBERS • Melt blown- Drawing the fibers formed in a spinnerate by a stream of hot air is a method known as melt blown, which yields micro fibers of ca 1000-2000 nm • Multicomponent - Dissolving polymer matrix of the islands-in-the-sea bi- component fibers yield sub- micrometer in diameters fibers
- 12. Principle and Process of electro spinning •Electro spinning is unique approach using electrostatic forces to produce fibers.
- 13. • In the electro spinning process a high voltage is used to create an electrically charged stream of polymer solution or melt. • A high voltage electrode is linked with the polymer solution. • The solution is then spun thorough a capillary and grounded collector, Taylor cone is formed at the tip of capillary producing sub-micron diameter fibers. • Fibers solidify as the polymer solvent and create an interlinked fiber layer of the surface of collector.
- 14. POLYMER-SOLVENTS The polymer is usually dissolved in suitable solvent and spun from solution. •POLYMER SOLVENTS Nylon 6 and nylon 66 Formic Acid Polyacrylonitrile Dimethyl formaldehyde PET Trifluoroacetic acid/Dimethyl chloride PVA Water Polystyrene DMF/Toluene Nylon-6-co-polyamide Formic acid Polybenzimidazole Dimethyl acetamide Polyramide Sulfuric acid Polyimides Phenol
- 15. Basically the nano fibers produced by three methods Type of spinning Fiber type Fiber size (microns) Fiber size range (denier) •Electro spinning Electro spun 0.04 to 2 0.00002 to 0.006 nano fibers • Melt blown fibers Spun bond fibers 2 to 10 0.03 to 1 • Multi-component fiber spinning Melt blowing technique 15 to 40 1.5 to 12 Denier calculation based on fiber specific gravity =1, specific gravity values of common polymer fibers range 0.92 (P.P), to 1.14 (Nylon6,6) to 1.38 (PET)
- 16. Types of nanofiber produced using Electrospinning Cellulosic fibre Polyester nylon
- 17. ELECTRO SPINNING OF CELLULOSE • The technique of electro – spinning cellulose of the nano scale involves the use of solvent. • The cellulose is dissolved in the solvent; the liquid polymer solution is then squeezed through a tiny pinhole where a high voltages applied. • The charge pulls the polymer solution through the air into tiny fibers, which is collected on an electrical group. • The fiber produced is less than hundred nanometers in diameter, which is thousand times smaller than unconventional spinning. • This process made it possible to produce high performance materials from reclaimed cellulose materials.
- 18. NYLON NANOFIBERS: •Toray industries Inc. has developed fibers with hydroscopic properties better than those of cotton. •The fiber consists of extremely fine nylon measuring several tens of nanometers. POLYESTER NANOFIBERS: •It is covered with a special film, which is tens of nanometers thick. •There is an increase in hydroscopic properties by of thirty.
- 19. CARBON NANOFIBERS •It is an ordered array of carbon atoms that can have tensile strength up to 50 times that of steel. •They have diameters of about 50-200nm and can be classified as: • Single walled carbon nanofibers /tubes – they are single cylindrical structures. • Multi walled carbon nanofibers tubes – they are formed of SWNTS covered with more of this kind of cylindrical structures.
- 21. – Targeted Drug Delivery – Artificial Retina – Tissue Regeneration Nanotechnology in life science
- 22. Nanotechnology in Drugs(Cancer) • Provide new options for drug delivery and drug therapies. • Enable drugs to be delivered to precisely the right location in the body and release drug doses on a predetermined schedule for optimal treatment. • Attach the drug to a nanosized carrier. • They become localized at the disease site, i.e cancer tumor. • Then they release medicine that kills the tumour.
- 23. – Nano Transistors – Nano Diodes – OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) Nanotechnology in electronics
- 24. – Batteries – Fuel Cells – Solar Cells Nanotechnology in energy
- 25. – Nano Tubes – Aerogel – Nano Particles Nanotechnology in materials
- 26. Nanotechnology in Fabrics some clothing manufacturers are making water and stain repellent clothing using nano-sized whiskers in the fabric that cause water to bead up on the surface. In manufacturing bullet proof jackets. Making spill & dirt resistant, antimicrobial, antibacterial fabrics.
- 27. Advantages Materials • Stronger • Lighter • Durable • Precise Industrial •Computers can become a billion times faster and a million times smaller •Automatic Pollution Cleanup Medical •End of Illnesses •Universal Immunity •Body Sculpting
- 30. • Nanotechnology with all its challenges and opportunities will become a part of our future. The researchers are optimistic for the products based upon this technology. • Nanotechnology is slowly but steadily ushering in the new industrial revolution. ConclusionConclusion
- 31. Thank you!!t
Editor's Notes
- by definiton as you can see ”it’s the art of manipulating matter at the nanoscale level”
- 1. Its a bit difficult to realize how small the nano-scale is. To make things easier to get, we can say that one nanometre (nm) is one billionth of a metre. 2. Lets see some examples to make it clear In the picture on the right, we can see a man staring at his picked hair trying to figuring out the diameter of it, he will essentially come to the conclusion that a human hair is 100,000nm thick, while a DNA molecule is only 2 nms wide.
- Now this is a bit informative 3d chart, providing the size comparisons between different objects raised to the power of 10 meters. Here you can see, a 6 foot man is 1.62 meters or roughly around 2 billion nms tall. While on the other hand, a sample of a DNA molecule, as we have already seen in the previous slide, is approx. 2 nms long.
- Nano tech is the design characterization production and application structures, devices and system by controlling shape & size at the nano scale. This technology that can work at the Molecular level, atom by atom to create large structures with improved molecular organization.
- There are 2 ways in synthesis of Nano phase materials they are: Top down approach Bottom up approach
- Top down approach involving breaking down the bulk materials to nano sizes (Eg. Mechanical alloying) Bottom up approach the nano particles also made by building atom by atom (Eg. Inert gas condensation)
- Mechanical alloying Inert gas condensation Sol-gel technique Electro spinning method Plasma and laser processing spraying Among these techniques electro-spinning techniques has been proved successfully for industrial production.
- Nano tech research efforts in textile have focused on 2 main areas Upgrading existing functions and performance of textile materials Developing intelligent textiles with completely new characteristics and functions
- In general, the nano fibers are taken to be the fibers between 100-500 nm in diameter. Fibers have nano scale diameters including high surface area to volume ratio film thinness,lighter weight, desired level of modulus of elasticity and etc., These value added nano fibers used effectively in medicals, filters, protective fabrics, tissue scaffolds, drug delivery and many other advance applications.
- Melt blown- Drawing the fibers formed in a spinneret by a stream of hot air is a method known as melt blown, which yields micro fibers of ca 1000-2000 nm Multicomponent - Dissolving polymer matrix of the islands-in-the-sea bi- component fibers yield sub- micrometer in diameters fibers
- In the electro spinning process a high voltage is used to create an electrically charged stream of polymer solution or melt. A high voltage electrode is linked with the polymer solution. The solution is then spun thorough a capillary. Due to a high voltage electric field between the tip of the capillary and a grounded collector, Taylor cone is formed at the tip of capillary producing sub-micron diameter fibers. Fibers solidify as the polymer solvent and create an interlinked fiber layer of the surface of collector.
- The technique of electro – spinning cellulose of the nano scale involves the use of solvent. The cellulose is dissolved in the solvent; the liquid polymer solution is then squeezed through a tiny pinhole where a high voltages applied. The charge pulls the polymer solution through the air into tiny fibers, which is collected on an electrical group. The fiber produced is less than hundred nanometers in diameter, which is thousand times smaller than unconventional spinning. This process made it possible to produce high performance materials from reclaimed cellulose materials.
- lets have a look how NT is leading us in different areas of expertise..
- Apart from the engineering and science discussed so far, NT also has its applications in medical sciences 1- this picture shows the process of Targeted drug delivery.. Which will enable mankind to diagnose nd treat all the major diseases such as cancer, HIV etc. 2-. Artificial Retina and Tissue regeneration are the other examples of NT applications in life sciences..
- e.g: in da field of electronics nanotransistors are becoming more nd more popular bcoz of it’s compactness.. If u are thinking that this is a single transistor then you need to reshape your thinking, bcoz this is a transistor box containing thousonds of transistors in it… Some other examples of nanoelectronics are Nanodiodes, OLEDs etc.
- 1-This is a nano-engineered battery, light in weight and flexible just like a paper. It can be rolled, twisted, folded or cut into a number of shapes with absolutely no loss of mechanical efficiency. Other energy suppliment examples with some change in their properties are fuel cells and solar cells
- 1-this rotating picture is actually a model of carbon nanotube, the strongest and stiffest materials discovered till to date. These tubes are the building block of almost all the NT objects. 2- Aerogel. The world’s lightest crystalline solid 3-and nano particles
- Loss of jobs (in manufacturing, farming, etc) Carbon Nanotubes could cause infection of lungs Atomic weapons could be more accessible and destructive
- Now we are plugging into the future of Nanotechnology.
- In this slide, you can see how Nanotechnology could help redesigning the future of several technologies, products and markets. Scientists and engineers can now work with materials at the atomic level to create stain-proof fabrics, more efficient fuel cells and batteries…