Nanotechnology involves controlling and manipulating matter on the nanometer scale (1-100 nm) to develop novel materials and devices. It has grown significantly with many medical applications such as targeted drug delivery using smart nanostructures to treat diseases like cancer and cardiovascular issues. Nanomedicine also enables diagnostic tools to detect conditions and toxins in the body through methods that could be used in hospitals, law enforcement, and homeland security.

2. Medical Applications of Nanotechnology Gholamreza Pourmand, M.D.

3. What is nano? Power Prefix Origins 10 12 tera teras: monster 10 9 giga gigas: giant 10 6 mega megas: large 10 3 kilo chilioi: thousand 10 -3 milli milli: thousand 10 -6 micro mikros: small 10 -9 nano nanos: dwarf

4. What is nanotechnology Creation of functional materials, devices, and systems. Control of matter on the nanometer (1-100 nm) length scale. Exploitation of novel properties and phenomena developed at that scale.

5. Nanotechnology Growth S. Milunovich, J. Roy. United States Technology Strategy. Merrill Lynch. 4 Sept. 2001

6. How small is nano? Scale: Nanoscale $151,700: 1/100 th cent Acre: 1/100 th square inch Decade: 1/3 rd second E. Corcoran. The Next Small Thing. Forbes Magazine , 07/23/01

7. Why is the nanometer scale different? The wavelike properties of electrons inside matter are influenced by variations on the nanometer scale. The systematic organization of matter on the nanometer length scale is a key feature of biological systems. Nanoscale components have very high surface areas. The finite size of material entities, determine an increase of the relative importance of surface tension and local electromagnetic effects. The interaction wavelength scales of various external wave phenomena become comparable to the material entity size.

8. Many Different Length Scales 10cm 1cm 100  m 1  m

9. Relative Size of Nanoparticles Nanoparticle with a 2 nm core and an octanethiol functionalized monolayer

25. Smart Nanostructures for Selective Drug Delivery Scale: 1/40 th of red blood cell Nanotube Nanocap Drug Delivery for: #1 - Cardiovascular disease #2 – Cancer #3 - Infectious diseases Toxin Removal for: Adverse drug reactions >106,000 deaths/yr Pesticide Poisonings >220,000 deaths/yr

26. Targeted Delivery to Tumors

29. NanoMedical Diagnostics Targets: - drug overdose - brain trauma - disease markers Where: - hospital - law enforcement - homeland security