1. Medical Applications of Nanotechnology Gholamreza Pourmand, M.D.

2. How small is nano? Decade: 1/3 rd second Acre: 1/100 th square inch $151,700: 1/100 th cent Scale: Nanoscale E. Corcoran. The Next Small Thing. Forbes Magazine , 07/23/01

3. Nanotechnology Growth S. Milunovich, J. Roy. United States Technology Strategy. Merrill Lynch. 4 Sept. 2001

4. Smart Nanostructures for Selective Drug Delivery Scale: 1/40 th of red blood cell Nanotube Nanocap Drug Delivery for: #1 - Cardiovascular disease #2 – Cancer #3 - Infectious diseases Toxin Removal for: Adverse drug reactions >106,000 deaths/yr Pesticide Poisonings >220,000 deaths/yr

7. What is nano? nanos: dwarf nano 10 -9 mikros: small micro 10 -6 milli: thousand milli 10 -3 chilioi: thousand kilo 10 3 megas: large mega 10 6 gigas: giant giga 10 9 teras: monster tera 10 12 Origins Prefix Power

17. Targeted Delivery to Tumors

18. Many Different Length Scales 10cm 1cm 100  m 1  m

19. Relative Size of Nanoparticles Nanoparticle with a 2 nm core and an octanethiol functionalized monolayer

21. Fluorophores and Drugs Selectively Dissociate Inside Cells

22. Control of Surface Charge

23. Investigating Delivery Using Cylindroids 100  m Plug Well Plate Microscope Objective Cylindroid Viable Dead

24. Nanoparticles in Cylindroids

25. How Does Particle Charge Affect Tissue Penetration? Transcellular Paracellular Cells A B

27. Tumor Growth and Mouse Survival PBS Control Bacteria Cytotoxic Bacteria PBS + 2Gy Control Bacteria + 2Gy Cytotoxic Bacteria + 2Gy Cytotoxic Bacteria Control Bacteria PBS Bacteria + Radiation Control + 2Gy PBS + 2Gy Median survival doubles from 14.0 to 26.0 days

29. Cells A B C