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Nanotechnology
JOBIN GEORGE
MCA
CHRIST UNIVERSITY
2012
What is Nanotechnology?
 Nanotechnology is the creation of functional materials,
devices and systems, through the understanding and
control of matter at dimensions in the nanometer scale
length (1-100 nm), where new functionalities and
properties of matter are observed.
 A nanometer is one billionth of a meter that is 10-9
meter.
 Materials with minimum feature sizes less than 100
nanometers are considered to be products of
nanotechnology.
What is Nanoscale
1.27 × 107 m 0.22 m 0.7 × 10-9 m
12,756 Km 22 cm 0.7 nm
10 millions times
smaller
1 billion times
smaller
How small is Nano?
 A sheet of paper is about 100,000 nanometers thick.
 A strand of human DNA is 2.5 nanometers in diameter.
 There are 25,400,000 nanometers in one inch.
 A human hair is approximately 80,000- 100,000
nanometers wide.
 A single gold atom is about a third of a nanometer in
diameter.
 Your fingernails grow at the rate of about 1 nanometer
per second.
 single hemoglobin molecule - 5 nanometers across
Nanotechnology Applications
Information Technology
• Smaller, faster, more
energy efficient and
powerful computing
and other IT-based
systems
Energy
• More efficient and cost
effective technologies for
energy production
− Solar cells
− Fuel cells
− Batteries
− Bio fuels
Medicine
Consumer Goods
• Foods and beverages
−Advanced packaging materials,
sensors, and lab-on-chips for
food quality testing
• Appliances and textiles
−Stain proof, water proof and
wrinkle free textiles
• Household and cosmetics
− Self-cleaning and scratch free
products, paints, and better
cosmetics
• Cancer treatment
• Bone treatment
• Drug delivery
• Appetite control
• Drug development
• Medical tools
• Diagnostic tests
• Imaging
Nanoscale Devices and
Integrated Nanosystems
− Currently available microprocessors use
resolutions as small as 32 nm
− Houses up to a billion transistors in a single chip
− MEMS based nanochips have future capability of 2
nm cell leading to 1TB memory per chip
Nanochip
− Fuel cells use hydrogen and air as fuels
and produce water as by product
− The technology uses a nanomaterial
membrane to produce electricity
Fuel Cells
Drug Delivery Systems
Impact of nanotechnology on drug delivery systems:
− Targeted drug delivery
− Improved delivery of poorly water soluble drugs
− Co-delivery of two or more drugs
− Imaging of drug delivery sites using imaging
modalities
Benefits of Nanotechnology
 environmentally benign material abundance for all by
providing universal clean water supplies
 atomically engineered food and crops resulting in
greater agricultural productivity with fewer labor
requirements
 nutritionally enhanced interactive ‘smart’ foods.
 cheap and powerful energy generation
 clean and highly efficient manufacturing
 radically improved formulation of drugs, diagnostics and
organ replacement
 much greater information storage and
communication capacities
Potential Risks
 Health issues - the effects of nanomaterial on human
biology
 Environmental issues - the effects of nanomaterial on
the environment
 Societal issues - the effects that the availability of
Nano technological devices will have on politics and
human interaction
Thank You

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Nano Technology

  • 2. What is Nanotechnology?  Nanotechnology is the creation of functional materials, devices and systems, through the understanding and control of matter at dimensions in the nanometer scale length (1-100 nm), where new functionalities and properties of matter are observed.  A nanometer is one billionth of a meter that is 10-9 meter.  Materials with minimum feature sizes less than 100 nanometers are considered to be products of nanotechnology.
  • 3. What is Nanoscale 1.27 × 107 m 0.22 m 0.7 × 10-9 m 12,756 Km 22 cm 0.7 nm 10 millions times smaller 1 billion times smaller
  • 4. How small is Nano?  A sheet of paper is about 100,000 nanometers thick.  A strand of human DNA is 2.5 nanometers in diameter.  There are 25,400,000 nanometers in one inch.  A human hair is approximately 80,000- 100,000 nanometers wide.  A single gold atom is about a third of a nanometer in diameter.  Your fingernails grow at the rate of about 1 nanometer per second.  single hemoglobin molecule - 5 nanometers across
  • 5. Nanotechnology Applications Information Technology • Smaller, faster, more energy efficient and powerful computing and other IT-based systems Energy • More efficient and cost effective technologies for energy production − Solar cells − Fuel cells − Batteries − Bio fuels
  • 6. Medicine Consumer Goods • Foods and beverages −Advanced packaging materials, sensors, and lab-on-chips for food quality testing • Appliances and textiles −Stain proof, water proof and wrinkle free textiles • Household and cosmetics − Self-cleaning and scratch free products, paints, and better cosmetics • Cancer treatment • Bone treatment • Drug delivery • Appetite control • Drug development • Medical tools • Diagnostic tests • Imaging
  • 7. Nanoscale Devices and Integrated Nanosystems − Currently available microprocessors use resolutions as small as 32 nm − Houses up to a billion transistors in a single chip − MEMS based nanochips have future capability of 2 nm cell leading to 1TB memory per chip Nanochip
  • 8. − Fuel cells use hydrogen and air as fuels and produce water as by product − The technology uses a nanomaterial membrane to produce electricity Fuel Cells
  • 9. Drug Delivery Systems Impact of nanotechnology on drug delivery systems: − Targeted drug delivery − Improved delivery of poorly water soluble drugs − Co-delivery of two or more drugs − Imaging of drug delivery sites using imaging modalities
  • 10. Benefits of Nanotechnology  environmentally benign material abundance for all by providing universal clean water supplies  atomically engineered food and crops resulting in greater agricultural productivity with fewer labor requirements  nutritionally enhanced interactive ‘smart’ foods.  cheap and powerful energy generation  clean and highly efficient manufacturing  radically improved formulation of drugs, diagnostics and organ replacement  much greater information storage and communication capacities
  • 11. Potential Risks  Health issues - the effects of nanomaterial on human biology  Environmental issues - the effects of nanomaterial on the environment  Societal issues - the effects that the availability of Nano technological devices will have on politics and human interaction