1. The document discusses the use of nanotechnology in various medical applications including drug discovery, delivery, and tissue engineering. 2. Nanoparticles, nanotubes, and other nanostructures are being used to develop more targeted drug therapies and more effective medical implants and devices. 3. Nanotechnology is also discussed as having applications in surgery, diagnostics, and cancer treatment by enabling earlier detection and more precise interventions.

1. Seminar Year 2 Block 3
Supervisor : Prof Anil Kumar Saxena
Presenters : 1. Balqis Binti Busrah (1110940)
2. Nur Asyraf Binti Liah (1110428)
3. Fatin Farha Binti Mohd Saifuddin (1119444)
4. Muhammad Bazli Aminuddin (1119349)
5. Mohd Al-Fateh Bin Shayuthy (1114523)
6. Sahal Bin Sharir (1019123)

2. INTRODUCTION
 Nanotechnology is a part of science and technology about the manipulation of
matter on atomic and molecular size. Nano is just a prefix of small scale size in
which 1 nano=10^-9 metres. Meanwhile, technology is the application of scientific
knowledge for practical purposes.
 Nano is very small in which it is the same size as virus and DNA. However. A piece
of hair and red blood cell are too big to be considered as nano. Nanomedicine is
medical application in range of nanomaterials and nanobiosensor.
 It is the idea of Richard Feymen who describe the importance of decreasing the size
of object so that people can do many things in this scale. Dr. Drexler propose the
idea of nanoscale assembler which would be able to build a copy of itself into a
complex, atomic specification by means of mechano synthesis.

3.  Nanotechnology arise from the invention of scanning tunneling microscope which is
the tool to see nanostructure. If you want to take a look at a sample of substrate, you
can take sharp metallic tip, scan over the sample. Then, apply a voltage and there
will be current flow between the tip and the substrate. By using this current as a
signal, then you can see the substrate down to atomic level.
 Fullerene is any molecule compose entirely of carbon in the form of hollow sphere
or tubes. Spherical fullerene is also called ‘bucky ball’ made up from graphite
structure. If you roll it, you will get ‘bucky tubes’ or carbon nanotubes. Depending
on how you roll it, you will get different chirality of the tubes. The importance of it
is that we can get powerful and faster transistor with a small size.

4. TOOL AND TECHNIQUE
1. Bottom up technique:- tool used:
- Dual Polarization interferometry
- Molecular Beam Epitaxy Mechanism
2. Top down technique:- tool used:
- Atomic force microscopy
of work
- Scanning tunneling microscope
Nano materials
1. Fullerene – how it is made?
2. Inorganic nanoparticle: made up of what? Properties interested such as mechanical,
optical, magnetic, chemical and electrical when we change the structure from bulk
size to nanosize..
Nanostructure
– made up of different structures such sphere, tube, crystal, and shell that thus make their
name nanosphere, nanotube, nanocrystal, and nanoshell.
- Some function of different structure.

6. NANOTECH IN DRUG DISCOVERY,
DELIVERY, AND TISSUE ENGINEERING
• Impact in Drug Discovery : Nanosphere, Solution Arrays, Nanobiosensors
On going research : Influence in tissue engineering
• Impact in Drug Delivery : Nanoneedles, Nano-electro Mechanical Systems,
Fullerenes, Nanocapsules, Nanoshells, Nanoporous materials, Dendrimers
On going research : Future nanoparticles
• Impact in Tissue Engineering : Molecular Imprinting Technique, Building
of Binding sites for specific protein
On going research : Complete human organs printing

7. NANOTECHNOLOGY IN IMPLANTS
• Two types of implants : Passive and active
• Passive implants include bone, dental, knee-joint and hip-joint implant.
• Nanophase material such as titanium and nanocoatings such as nanocrystalline
diamonds are used in passive implants to strengthen the devices and proved
beneficial.
• Active implants include cochlear, retinal and neural implants as well as
pacemakers.
• Electrodes nanocoatings such as polypyrrole/NT3 and PEDOT coatings have
been used in active implants to promote neuron growth and efficacy.
• Carbon nanotubes have been used to replace or annex axons in active
implants.
• Wavy piezoelectric nanoribbons have been used to prolong battery life in
pacemakers.

8. NANOTECHNOLOGY IN SURGERY
 Nanotechnology helps minimize mistakes, provide efficacy and
better surgical act.
 Nanocoatings on surgical blades and catheters, nanotweezers as well
as femtosecond lasers are some of the examples of application of
nanotechnology.
 Nanorobots have not been implemented yet but it is believed to
enhance the field of surgery in the future.

9. NANOTECHNOLOGY IN DIAGNOSTIC
TOOLS
 Biochips
1. Array Technology
2. Lab on Chip
3. Cell Chip
 Imaging
1. Low toxic effect
2. Earlier disease detection

10. NANOTECHNOLOGY IN CANCER
 Molecular imaging and early detection of cancer
 In vivo imaging improvement
 Report compliance of patient towards cancer therapy
 Help in creating multifunctional therapeutic alternatives
 Opportunity for cancer prevention and control
 Research enabler for future improvement

11. CONCLUSION
 Challenges
- Cost and manufacturing
- Consumer perception
 Islamic input
- Seek the knowledge
- Don’t do damage on earth
- Human can’t be immortal