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This document discusses nanotechnology, which deals with structures and devices that are 100 nanometers or smaller. It outlines the origin and theory of nanotechnology, and describes potential uses in areas like medicine, electronics, energy, sensors, and daily life. The document also discusses two approaches to nanotechnology - top-down and bottom-up - and explains how bottom-up manufacturing can produce structures with higher precision and perfect surfaces. While nanotechnology holds promise, the document notes there are also health and environmental concerns to consider regarding its development and use.
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The application of nanotechnology in textiles is growing so fast. The main difference b/n nano finishing and conventional finishing is durability, comfort and breath-ability enhancement in nano finishes.
Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology involves manipulating materials at the atomic or molecular scale between 1 and 100 nanometers. It has applications in medicine such as nano-devices for imaging and monitoring health, in civil engineering by adding nanoparticles to improve materials like concrete and coatings, and in energy through developing more efficient solar cells. The military uses nanotechnology for fabrics, robotics, security, weapons, and monitoring soldier health. While nanotechnology holds promise, its future effects are difficult to predict and it could potentially transform the world in both positive and negative ways.
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POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITE ARE THE FUTURE for packaging industries
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nanotechnology and carbon nanotubes
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This document provides an overview of nanotechnology. It defines nanotechnology as the study and engineering of matter at the nanoscale, or atomic level. The document outlines the history of nanotechnology from its conception in 1959 to modern applications. Key tools used in nanotechnology like atomic force microscopes and carbon nanotubes are described. The document also discusses different approaches (top-down vs bottom-up), materials used, and applications of nanotechnology in areas like drugs, fabrics, electronics, and computers. It provides examples of how nanotechnology is enhancing performance in these domains.
Principle of nanotecnology
Nanotechnology involves science and engineering at the nanoscale of approximately 1 to 100 nanometers. It allows materials to be studied and manipulated at the atomic and molecular level. Common nanotechnology applications include making products stronger, lighter, and smarter through techniques like pyrolysis and attrition that break down materials into nanoparticles. Both advantages like increased performance and disadvantages like high costs and potential health risks exist for nanotechnology.
Nanomaterials synthesis by Yogesh T N 22ECR246.pptx
The document discusses different methods for synthesizing nanomaterials, categorized as either top-down or bottom-up approaches. Top-down approaches like ball milling and electron beam lithography break down bulk materials into smaller structures but can result in surface imperfections. Bottom-up approaches like chemical synthesis build materials up atom by atom and molecule by molecule, allowing for controlled size and shape with fewer defects. Spark ablation is highlighted as a bottom-up method that produces pure metal nanoparticles through high-voltage sparks without needing further processing steps.
Micro-electro-mechanical Systems
Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) are tiny devices that convert electrical energy to mechanical motion and vice versa. There are three key steps to fabricating MEMS: deposition of thin films, patterning of the films, and etching to remove unwanted material. MEMS are commonly used in sensors and actuators due to their small size, low power consumption, and ability to integrate electronics and mechanical elements on a single chip. Common applications include accelerometers in smartphones, pressure sensors in cars, and medical devices.
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The document discusses methods for producing bulk nanostructured materials including plasma compaction and electrodeposition. Plasma compaction uses short, high-temperature processing to compact nanopowders into dense bulk materials while minimizing grain growth. Electrodeposition allows for the controlled production of nanostructured metal films and coatings through manipulation of deposition parameters. Both methods produce materials with superior mechanical properties due to nanoscale features and have advantages such as low cost, simplicity, and industrial scalability. Experimental results on consolidating copper nanopowders using plasma compaction showed that higher compaction pressures resulted in increased density, hardness, and mechanical properties.
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This document discusses various methods for the preparation of nanomaterials, including bottom-up and top-down approaches. Bottom-up approaches involve building nanomaterials from individual atoms or molecules, such as through co-precipitation, ultrasonication, or mechanical milling. Top-down approaches involve breaking down bulk materials into nanostructures through techniques like sputtering or lithography. Specific bottom-up methods like co-precipitation, ultrasonication, and mechanical milling are then described in more detail.
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- 2. Definition: Nanomanufacturing is both the production of nanoscaled materials, which can be powders or fluids, and the manufacturing of parts "bottom up" from nanoscaled materials or "top down" in smallest steps for high precision
- 4. ▣ Materials exhibit unique properties at these scales ▣ Increase in toughness ▣ High hardness ▣ Low thermal co-efficient of expansion
- 5. ▣ Top-down approach: (1) Scanning probe lithography (2) Focused beam lithography (3) Nanoimprint lithography ▣ Bottom-up approach: (1) Chemical vapor deposition (2) Physical vapor deposition (3) Dip-pen nanolithography (4) Self assembly
- 6. ▣ Starts from large piece of material and gradually reducing it to a nanostructure ▣ Used by the semi-conductor industry ▣ This approach offers reliability and device complexity ▣ However it uses energy in large amount and produces more waste
- 7. ▣ It is a mechanical approach to realize patterning ▣ Different configurations are available such as Scanning tunneling microscope and Atomic force microscope Mechanical patterning
- 9. Block diagram of Atomic force microscope
- 10. ▣ It is a high resolution patterning method where electron or ion beam is used ▣ Uses modern electron microscope ▣ High-energy ions tend to damage the sample surface
- 11. ▣ It is a method of fabricating nanometer scale patterns ▣ It creates patterns by mechanical deformation of imprint resist and subsequent processes ▣ It is able to replicate sub-10 nm patterns with high throughput
- 13. ▣ It involves building up of structures, atom by atom or molecule by molecule ▣ More economical as there is very less wastage of material ▣ Formation of films and structures is much easier
- 14. ▣ It is a relatively matured coating process ▣ It is widely used in ceramic and semiconductor industry
- 15. ▣ It is a surface coating methods in which materials are evaporated by electron beam, ion beam, plasma ▣ There are no chemical reactions involved in this method ▣ This process usually requires a high vacuum environment to allow the vapor to reach the substrate and to reduce the impurity of deposited films
- 17. ▣ It enables direct deposition of nanoscale materials onto a substrate in a flexible manner ▣ This technique allows surface patterning on scales of under 100 nanometers ▣ It uses an Atomic force microscope tip to deposit organic molecules
- 18. Molecular ink diffusing from a nanoscale tip to a surface through a water meniscus
- 19. ▣ It is the autonomous organization of components into patterns or structures without human intervention ▣ Many biological systems use self-assembly to assemble various molecules and structures ▣ Manufacturing will benefit from applications of self- assembly
- 21. CURRENT APPLICATIONS: Electronics industry: Use of nanoscale features to improve processing speed, memory capacity, reliability etc Sensing units: Use of nanosensors for medicinal purpose and for making nanoscale computer chips Materials and chemical industry Information storage devices
- 22. Nanosensor
- 23. POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS: Aviation industry Nano bots Pharmaceuticals and Bio- technology
- 24. THANK YOU