Nanotechnology involves engineering at the molecular scale between 1 to 100 nanometers. It works by manipulating individual atoms and molecules to create new materials with precise atomic structures. There are two main approaches - top-down, which makes things smaller from larger objects, and bottom-up which builds nanostructures from individual atoms and molecules. Potential applications include stronger and lighter materials, faster computers, more efficient batteries and solar cells, targeted drug delivery for medicine, and advanced electronics like quantum computers. While promising benefits, challenges also exist from job disruption and potential health risks if safety issues are not addressed.

2. CONTENTS:
Introduction
What is nanotechnology?
Approaches
Steps to produce
nanomaterials
Applications
Advantages
Conclusion

3. Introduction:
It’s thedevelopment and practical applications on a
nanometric scale
Engineering of tiny machines
Greek prefix ”nano” means abillionth
100 nanometers is the limit to observe
new properties of matter

4. What Is Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology is the engineering of tiny
machines—the projected ability to make things from
the bottom up, using techniques and tools being
developed today to place every atom and molecule in
a desired place. Shortly after this envisioned
molecular machinery is created, it will result in a
manufacturing revolution, probably causing severe
disruption. It also has serious economic, social,
environmental, and military implications.

5. The principles of physics do not limit our ability to
manipulate things atom by atom. It is not an attempt to violate
any laws; it is something, in principle, that can be done; but
in practice, it has not been done because we are too big.
--Richard Feynman

6. Approaches:
In building any nanomaterials; the available
approaches i.e. methods are
 Top-down
Bottom-up

7. Top-down
The structure varies gradually from large
(top) to small(small)
By Feynman in 1959
The problem: repairs which arise in miniature
structures at bottom can’t be repaired by large ones
at top

8. Bottom-up
Structure varies gradually from bottom(small) to
top(large)
Considered the one and only “true” nanotechnology
Limits of miniaturization are resolved
Highly useful in electronics

9. Three primary steps to produce
nanomaterials
1. Ability to manipulate individual atoms
2. Development of
nanoscopic
machines(assemblers)
3. Replicators are to be programmed
Steps to produce NANOMATERIALS

10. A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
so
fNano
technology

11. APPLICATIO
NS:
Strong fibers:
Basic item to produce is strong fibre
Later on replications can be made of
diamonds, water and even food
Famines can be then successfully
eradicated
Atomic plants:
Hands” for handling radioactivesubstances
Various functions inside the inner
parts of reactors

12. Electroni
cs:
–Nano Transistors
–Nano Diodes
–OLED (Organic Light
Emitting Diode)

13. Electronics(cont
d.)
Plasma Displays
Quantum Computers
Computers:
Moores law states that the density of the
transistors on a silicon chip is raising exponentially
( doubling )for every 18 months. If this trend
continues the size of the transistor would reach its
saturation level ( atomic level
)by 2020. Thus, in the computer industry, the ability
to shrink the size of transistors on silicon
microprocessors will soon reach its limits.
Nanotechnology will be needed to create a new
generation of computer components which makes
sure that the size of the transistor will be much

14. Energ
y:
–Batteries
–Fuel
Cells
–Solar
Cells

15. Material
s:
–Nano Tubes
–Aero gel
–Nano
Particles

16. Life Sciences:
Medicine:
Nan robotic fluids to attack
and reconstruct cancer cells
Life expectancy could
increase significantly
Delicate surgeries can be
done more precisely
Cosmetic surgeries
Speculation: aging process
can slowed down/reversed

17. Space
working:
Machines with very low mass, volume and power
consumption
Reconfigurable, autonomous and “thinking” spacecrafts
Ultra new and ultra small constructions and probes

18. ADVANTAG
ES:
Size of substances can be substantially
reduced
Efficiency can be greatly improved
Production will be easy and fast
Precise substances can be produced
Strength and density factors can be
improved

19. Material
With NT, we can create unique materials
and products which are:
• Stronger
• Lighter
• Durable
• Precise

20. Industrial
•Computers can become a billion times
faster and a million times smaller
•Automatic Pollution Cleanup
Medical
•End of Illnesses (i.e.
cancer, heart disease)
•Universal Immunity (i.e.
aids, flu)
•Body Sculpting (i.e.
change your appearance)

21. BulletProof
Jackets:

22. Disadvantages :
•Loss of jobs (in manufacturing,
farming, etc)
•Carbon Nanotubes could cause
infection of lungs
•Atomic weapons could be
more accessible and
destructive

23. CONCLUSI
ON:
• Nanotechnology with all its challenges and
opportunities will become a part of our
future.
• The researchers are optimistic for the
products based upon this technology.
• Nanotechnology is slowly but steadily
ushering in the new industrial revolution.