This document discusses the need for named graphs in RDF to represent contextual information like provenance and source of RDF data. It proposes extensions to the RDF/XML syntax to associate RDF descriptions and statements with named graphs. This allows modeling things like different hypotheses, temporal aspects, points of view, and distributed storage in a way that is currently not possible without named graphs in the RDF model.

1. http://www-sop.inria.fr/edelweiss/fabien/docs/w3c/rdfsource/rdfsource.htmlhttp://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creatorhttp://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/titlehttp://ns.inria.fr/fabien.gandon/foaf#meRDF Sourcehttp://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/namehttp://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#typehttp://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/mboxmailto:fgandon@inria.frFabien Gandonhttp://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Personhttp://namethat graph!Fabien Gandon, Olivier Corby, ,

2. preaching to the choir ?!?

3. RDF needs necktiesseems more controversial

4. provenance, source, origin, author,…creation date, age, use-by date,…accuracy, authentication, certification, validity, …context, assumption, modality, …dependencies, disjunction, negation, …access rights, copyrights, …location, society, culture, …...informational context

5. wecanquery…PREFIX dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/>PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>SELECT *WHERE{GRAPH ?gphdoc { ?docdc:title ?title .?docdc:creator ?author }GRAPH ?gphauthor { ?authorfoaf:name ?name }}

6. wecannotname…reification quads do not imply the triples, no link

7. rdf:ID still at triple level and still no link

8. document URI, ad-hoc, bad practice… naming is currently done outside RDF#mesubject#namepredicate#S#me#name"fabien"object"fabien"#mesubject#namepredicate#me#S"fabien"#namerdf:ID="S"object"fabien"≠

9. named graphs, provenance and trust[Carroll, Bizer, Hayes, Stickler, 2005]communicate assertional intent and sign assertionsembody social acts with some recordname with URIs & graph RDFS class:G1 {_:Monica ex:name "Monica Murphy" . _:Monica ex:email <mailto:monica@murp.hy> . :G1 pr:disallowedUsagepr:Marketing }:G2 { :G1 ex:author :Chris . :G1 ex:date "2003-09-03"ˆˆxsd:date }

10. nested typed graphs[Sowa, 84] [Mugnier & Chein, 96] [Chein & Mugnier, 08]“A typed nested conceptual graph and a coreference link (dashed line)” [Genest & Salvat, 98]

11. RDF/XML syntax extension[Gandon, Bottolier, Corby, Durville , 2007]<rdf:Descriptionrdf:about="http://www- sop.inria.fr/edelweiss/fabien/docs/w3c/rdfsource/rdfsource.html"cos:graph="http://www.w3.org/biblio" > <dc:title>RDF Source</dc:title> <dc:creator> <foaf:Personrdf:about="http://ns.inria.fr/fabien.gandon/foaf#me" cos:graph="http://www.inria.fr/hr" > <foaf:name>FabienGandon</foaf:name> <foaf:mboxrdf:resource="mailto:fgandon@inria.fr"/> </foaf:Person></dc:creator></rdf:Description>

12. beforehttp://.../rdfsource.htmldc:titledc:creatorhttp://...#meRDF Sourcefoaf:mboxrdf:typefoaf:namemailto:fgandon@inria.frFabien Gandonfoaf:Person

13. afterhttp://.../rdfsource.htmldc:titlehttp://www.w3.org/bibliodc:creatorhttp://www.w3.org/bibliohttp://...#meRDF Sourcefoaf:mboxrdf:typefoaf:namehttp://www.inria.fr/hrhttp://www.inria.fr/hrhttp://www.inria.fr/hrmailto:fgandon@inria.frFabien Gandonfoaf:Person

14. e.g. social taggingsioc:has_creatorhttp://.../tag23#buttersg88dc:date11/03/2008“nature”sioc:containerhttp://www.flickr.com

15. e.g. concurrent hypotheses context 2context 1context 3context 6context 4context 5

16. e.g. tracing and backtrackingsource 2source 1source 1,2,3,4source1,2,3service 3service 4