Municipal Solid Wastes Handling and Management

1. Prof. M.R.Ezhilkumar
Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology
Coimbatore
ezhilkumar@skcet.ac.in
I only feel angry when I see waste.
When I see people throwing away
things we could use. – Mother
Teresa
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17CE413
SOLID AND HAZARDOUS
WASTE MANAGEMENT
2.8 – Location of Transfer Stations

2. SHWM – Module 2 – MUNICIPAL OF SOLID WASTES HANDLING AND MANAGEMENT  Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 2
Learning Outcomes
☼ Transfer station design consideration
☼ Site location and design
☼ Building design
☼ Transfer station sizing
2.8 – Location of Transfer Stations

3. SHWM – Module 2 – MUNICIPAL OF SOLID WASTES HANDLING AND MANAGEMENT  Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 3
Video Session
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the video

4. SHWM – Module 2 – MUNICIPAL OF SOLID WASTES HANDLING AND MANAGEMENT  Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar
Design consideration
 The main objective in designing a transfer station should be to facilitate efficient
operations.
 The operating program should be as simple as possible; waste handling should be
minimized and the facility should be sufficiently flexible to be modified as needed.
 Equipment and building durability are essential to minimize maintenance costs.
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Transfer Station

5. SHWM – Module 2 – MUNICIPAL OF SOLID WASTES HANDLING AND MANAGEMENT  Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar
Site Location and Design
 Establishment of a transfer station can be hindered by the NIMBY syndrome.
 Local residents are more likely to accept a new transfer station if the site is carefully
selected and the buildings are designed appropriately for the site.
 Other factors to be addressed when considering a potential site are
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Transfer Station
♦ Proximity to waste collection area
♦ Accessibility of haul routes to disposal facilities
♦ Traffic
♦ Site zoning and design requirements
♦ Availability of utilities
♦ Visual impacts and aesthetics
♦ Informing the community

6. SHWM – Module 2 – MUNICIPAL OF SOLID WASTES HANDLING AND MANAGEMENT  Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar
Site Location and Design
Proximity to waste collection area
 Proximity to the collection area helps to maximize savings from reduced hauling time
and distance.
 In some cases municipalities may consider the construction of more than one transfer
station.
 For example, two transfer stations may be economically preferable if travel time from
one end of the city to the other are excessive.
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Transfer Station

7. SHWM – Module 2 – MUNICIPAL OF SOLID WASTES HANDLING AND MANAGEMENT  Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar
Site Location and Design
Accessibility of haul routes to disposal facilities
 Transfer trucks should be able to easily enter major truck routes, which reduces haul
time and potential impacts on nearby homes and businesses.
 Planners may have to determine whether improvements to local roads are necessary.
 The availability of rail lines and waterways may allow the use of rail cars or barges for
transfer to disposal facilities.
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Transfer Station

8. SHWM – Module 2 – MUNICIPAL OF SOLID WASTES HANDLING AND MANAGEMENT  Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar
Site Location and Design
Traffic
 Transfer stations will generate additional amounts of traffic in its immediate area,
which can contribute to increased road congestion, air emissions, noise, and wear on
roads.
 For this reason, waste transfer stations are often located in industrial areas that have
ready access to major roadways.
 Travel routes and resulting traffic impacts typically receive significant attention during
transfer station siting and design.
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Transfer Station

9. SHWM – Module 2 – MUNICIPAL OF SOLID WASTES HANDLING AND MANAGEMENT  Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar
Site Location and Design
Site zoning and design requirements
 Municipalities must be certain that the proposed use meets site zoning requirements.
 In addition, the local site plan ordinance should be reviewed to identify any
restrictions that could affect design, such as building height and setback.
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Transfer Station

10. SHWM – Module 2 – MUNICIPAL OF SOLID WASTES HANDLING AND MANAGEMENT  Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar
Site Location and Design
Availability of utilities
 A typical municipal transfer station will probably require full electricity and gas, water
(for domestic use and fire fighting), telephones, and sanitary and storm sewers.
 Transfer station designers should determine the cost of connecting to these utilities
and the regular service charges associated with them.
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Transfer Station

11. SHWM – Module 2 – MUNICIPAL OF SOLID WASTES HANDLING AND MANAGEMENT  Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar
Site Location and Design
Visual impacts and aesthetics
 The transfer station should be oriented so that transfer operations and vehicle traffic
are not visible to local residents.
 Visibility can be restricted if the site is sufficiently large.
 Landscaping, installation of berms, and other site improvements will greatly improve
the aesthetic quality of the entire facility.
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Transfer Station

12. SHWM – Module 2 – MUNICIPAL OF SOLID WASTES HANDLING AND MANAGEMENT  Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar
Site Location and Design
Informing the community
 When initiating a siting process, education must be extended beyond the siting
committee and include a community-wide outreach initiative.
 Components of this type of public outreach typically include,
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Transfer Station
 Public meetings
 Interviews with local newspapers, media editorial boards, and
broadcast media
 News conferences and press releases
 Paid advertising
 Internet sites
 Informational literature and direct mail
 City council or county commission presentations
 Presentations to civic, environmental, religious, professional,
and neighborhood groups
 Community education programs and workshops
 Files located in public libraries or community centers

13. SHWM – Module 2 – MUNICIPAL OF SOLID WASTES HANDLING AND MANAGEMENT  Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar
Building Design
 Whenever putrescible wastes are being handled, larger transfer stations should be
enclosed.
 Typically, transfer station buildings are constructed of concrete, masonry, or metal.
 Wood is not commonly used because it is difficult to clean, is less durable, and is
more susceptible to fire damage.
 Major considerations in building design include durability of construction, adequate
size for tipping and processing, minimization of overhead obstructions to trucks, and
flexibility of layout.
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Transfer Station

14. SHWM – Module 2 – MUNICIPAL OF SOLID WASTES HANDLING AND MANAGEMENT  Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar
Transfer Station Sizing
 The transfer station should have a sufficiently large capacity to manage the wastes
that are expected to be received at the facility throughout its entire operating life.
 Factors to be considered in determining the appropriate size of a transfer facility
include
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Transfer Station
 Capacity of collection vehicles using the facility
 Number of days of storage on tipping floor
 Time required to unload collection vehicles
 Number of vehicles that will use the station and their expected
days and hours of arrival (design to accommodate peak
requirements)
 Waste sorting or processing to be accomplished at the facility
 Transfer trailer capacity
 Hours of station operation
 Availability of transfer trailers awaiting for loading
 Time required to attach and disconnect trailers from tractors
or compactors
 Time required to load trailers.

15. SHWM – Module 2 – MUNICIPAL OF SOLID WASTES HANDLING AND MANAGEMENT  Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar
Transfer Station Sizing
 Transfer stations are usually designed to have 1/2 to 2 days of storage capacity.
 The collection vehicle unloading area is usually the waste storage area and a waste
sorting area.
 When planning the unloading area, adequate space should be provided for vehicle
and equipment maneuvering.
 To minimize the space required, the facility should be designed so that collection
vehicles back into the unloading position. Adequate space should also be available
for offices, employee facilities, and other facility-related activities.
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Transfer Station

16. SHWM – Module 2 – MUNICIPAL OF SOLID WASTES HANDLING AND MANAGEMENT  Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar
Stations with Surge Pits
 Based on the rate at which wastes can be unloaded from collection vehicles:
 Based on the rate at which transfer trailers are loaded:
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Transfer Station

17. SHWM – Module 2 – MUNICIPAL OF SOLID WASTES HANDLING AND MANAGEMENT  Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar
Stations with Surge Pits
 Direct Dump Stations:
 Hopper Compaction Stations:
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Transfer Station

18. SHWM – Module 2 – MUNICIPAL OF SOLID WASTES HANDLING AND MANAGEMENT  Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar
Stations with Surge Pits
 Push-Pit Compaction Stations:
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Transfer Station

19. SHWM – Module 2 – MUNICIPAL OF SOLID WASTES HANDLING AND MANAGEMENT  Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 19
Assessment Time
Review
Question
Analyse and Locate three sites in your community that could
serve as locations for transfer stations. Justify your choices.

20. SHWM – Module 2 – MUNICIPAL OF SOLID WASTES HANDLING AND MANAGEMENT  Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 20
End of this topic