for study purpose

1. By s,manivannanmmmmmm
MANIVANNAN S
I-M.SC., MICROBIOLOGY
MEDICAL BACTERIOLOGY
DEPT OF MICROBIOLOGY
PERIYAR UNIVERSITY

2.  The genus Mycobacterium contains Gram
positive ,branched , filamentous bacterium.
 It containing two medically important species
 Mycobacterium tuberculosis
 Mycobacterium leprae
 First species of the genus discovered by
HANSEN – in 1857 [Mycobacterium leprae]
 Myco.tuberculosis- discovered by Robert koach

3.  It is a Acid Fast Bacterium [AFB]
 Thin,slender,curved & branched bacilli.
 Non - motile
 Non – capsulated
 Non – spore forming

4.  Aerobic
 Facultative anaerobe
 Growth temperature-15 ◦c to 45◦c
 Optimum temperature -37◦c
 PH-6.8 to

5.  The organism unable to grown in normal
cultural medium
 The medium enriched with egg,serum,potato
starch& blood
 LJ medium [lowenston jenson]
 Dorget’s medium
 Powlosky medium [pototo starch]
 Tarchis medium[blood]

6.  Leoffler’s medium [serum]
 The most repeatly medium in laboratory for
cultivation of myco.tuberculosis is LJ on
medium

8.  It is a slow growing organism
 Multiplication of time 14-18 hours
 Inoculated LJ medium with
myco.tuberculosis,after two weeks incubated at
37
 Irregular ,margined ,pale yellow colour were
seen.
 Not easily to emulsified.

10.  Niacin test
 Neutral red test
 Catalase &peraxidase test
 Aryl sulphadase test
 Amidase test

16.  The organism possess cell wall antigen
‘’TUBERCULIN PROTEIN’’
 That is responsible for antigenic factor
 Tuberculin protein induce delayed type of
hypersensitivity reaction,the output of delayed
type of hypersenstiivity called
’TUBERCULOSIS’
 The delayed type of hypersensitivity was
discovered by ROBERT KOACH

17.  It is caused by a disese TUBERCULOSIS
 Mainly affected by humans.
 Guinea pig,dog,rabbit,sheep &horse are
resisitant to TB infection
 The organism acquired by inhalation of
DROPLET NUCLEI [dried dust particle
containing invertious organisms
 This droplet nuclei containing Myco,tuberculosis
cells

18.  This cells enterd into upper respiratory tract
due to improper condition of NATURAL
DEFFENCE MACHENISM
 Lower respiratory tract such that LUNG
 The organism reach the lower lope of lungs.The
lung containing macrophage is called
ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGE
 It’s carry out phagocytosis procescs and
engulfment of Myco.tuberculosis cells

19.  But unable to destroy.The organism
multiplying instead of killing.
 At this stage macrophage release in biological
substances.It activate CD4,TH cells-these cells
releasing interlukin-1,alpha-interluin,alpha
necrosis factor these are attached with
macrophage cells
 At the same time ,It will attack
polymorphoneuclear cells,B-lymphocytes, T-
lymphocytes attaced the site of infections.

20.  This tuberculin nodulin infected lower lung
lope and without any treatment within 8-12
weeks.but leave a tiny cavity
 Later the same organism is may be reinfected it
may be lead out allergy in delayed type of
hypersenstivity reaction
 Cell mediated immunity power poor cases
more susceptable to Myco.tuberculosis

21.  The nodular structure on HYLAR
LYMPHNODE called GHON FOCUS.
 Joining ghon foccus called PRIMARY
COMPLEX It leads caseation necrosis factor.It
release necrosis particle these lead irrudation
of lung.cough bring out rusty sputum with
blood.

23.  Frequent cough,rusty sputum with blood
 Chest pain,respiratory tract difficulties
 Fever,faddigue,weight loss
 Night swetting
 Malaise
 Anorexia
 Hemoptysis

24.  Specimen – sputum
 The sputum sample is collected by a wide
mouth sterile container the sample should be
collected early morning before meals
 Within 2 hours of collection will bring it to
laboratory
 Containers should be leak-proof

25.  The organism not easily taken the stain at the
time of staining.
 Beceauze it possess MYCOLIC ACID on their
cell wall
 It is wax like substances
 The stain is decoulourized by 25% of H2SO4

28.  If the sputum sample is containing 1ooo
cells /ml the given result indicate possitive
 It carry on concentration method
 Also called petrof’s method

30.  MANTOUX REACTION

31.  Multiple drugs are available
 Bacteriastatic &bactericidal antibiotics for used
 Rifambicin-R
 Isoniazide-H
 Pyroziamide-Z
 Ethanebutol-E
 Streptomycin-S

32.  BCG- Vaccination
 A single intramuscular injection given after
immediate birth for all human childs in
individuals. It will confirm immunity more
than 15 years
 Myco.bovis –sub culture [GBPSA] can also used
as a vaccine.