The document discusses two scientific investigations: 1) A study that deciphered a key step in the molecular process of DNA duplication, which could lead to new ways to stop rapid cell proliferation in cancer. 2) Research revealing how a protein called RBFOX1 controls expression of brain genes and stabilizes RNA, suggesting potential for autism therapy. Exploring RNA control codes could also provide insights into other diseases. Further research is still needed, but these studies increase understanding of molecular processes involved in health and disease.

1. LESLIE JOHANA MURIEL MONTOYA
MEDICINE STUDENT
3rd SEMESTER
KEY STEP IN MOLECULAR 'DANCE' THATKEY STEP IN MOLECULAR 'DANCE' THAT
DUPLICATES DNA DECIPHEREDDUPLICATES DNA DECIPHERED
ANDAND
NEW DISCOVERY REVEALS HOWNEW DISCOVERY REVEALS HOW
RNA MOVES GENETIC INFORMATIONRNA MOVES GENETIC INFORMATION
FROM DNA TO CREATE PROTEINSFROM DNA TO CREATE PROTEINS
KEY STEP IN MOLECULAR 'DANCE' THATKEY STEP IN MOLECULAR 'DANCE' THAT
DUPLICATES DNA DECIPHEREDDUPLICATES DNA DECIPHERED
ANDAND
NEW DISCOVERY REVEALS HOWNEW DISCOVERY REVEALS HOW
RNA MOVES GENETIC INFORMATIONRNA MOVES GENETIC INFORMATION
FROM DNA TO CREATE PROTEINSFROM DNA TO CREATE PROTEINS

4. The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology consist in
4 processes : Replication, Transcription, splicing
and translation. Its objective is to synthesize
enough proteins that are necessary during cell
division.
The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology consist in
4 processes : Replication, Transcription, splicing
and translation. Its objective is to synthesize
enough proteins that are necessary during cell
division.
DNA REPLICATION PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

5. Cancer appears when the
cell loses its replication
control and this acelerate
division process results in
the appearance of genetic
alterations and illness.
Cancer appears when the
cell loses its replication
control and this acelerate
division process results in
the appearance of genetic
alterations and illness.

6. When DNA replication is going to
start, an iniciation factor binds the
ORC that is a signal to identify the
process start points. This structure,
interacts with the Helicase before it
unwind the DNA into 2 strands.
When DNA replication is going to
start, an iniciation factor binds the
ORC that is a signal to identify the
process start points. This structure,
interacts with the Helicase before it
unwind the DNA into 2 strands.
Protein machinery involved in
DNA replication caught in
action: The "origin recognition
complex" (yellow), already
activated by an initiation factor
(brown), grabs onto the helicase
core (purple blue) to load the
helicase ring onto the DNA
double helix (red). The
background is a cryo-electron
micrograph of many of these
complexes (dark) frozen in ice.
(Credit: Courtesy Brookhaven
National Laboratory)

7. “Researchers working in Speck
and Stillman's labs used tools of
molecular biology and
biochemistry to slow down the
process”
DNA replication process needs
energy. If energy falls, the
reactions velocities falls too.
Then, the process is frozen and
researchers could take pictures
for analyze it.
“Researchers working in Speck
and Stillman's labs used tools of
molecular biology and
biochemistry to slow down the
process”
DNA replication process needs
energy. If energy falls, the
reactions velocities falls too.
Then, the process is frozen and
researchers could take pictures
for analyze it.

8. They used a cryo-electron
microscope that use a technique
where they freeze the biological
sample and It is kept at liquid
nitrogen temperature in the
electron microscope, then digital
micrographs are collected with a
camera, in order to view clearly the
process that cell is going through.
Finally, they used computer
software to reconstruct the 3-D
intermediate structure.
They used a cryo-electron
microscope that use a technique
where they freeze the biological
sample and It is kept at liquid
nitrogen temperature in the
electron microscope, then digital
micrographs are collected with a
camera, in order to view clearly the
process that cell is going through.
Finally, they used computer
software to reconstruct the 3-D
intermediate structure.

9. When a scientist finds and
understands a molecular process and
is able to apply that knowledge to
find the cause for a disease, he's able
to find a solution. Cancer is a
molecular issue, and only when
humanity recognizes that molecular
investigation is the way to find
answers in medicine, we will begin to
find the best way to treat illness
When a scientist finds and
understands a molecular process and
is able to apply that knowledge to
find the cause for a disease, he's able
to find a solution. Cancer is a
molecular issue, and only when
humanity recognizes that molecular
investigation is the way to find
answers in medicine, we will begin to
find the best way to treat illness

10. The RNA code is easier to
identify and understand
than DNA code. Then the
researchers could set up
the patterns for control
processing and
movement for proteins.
The RNA code is easier to
identify and understand
than DNA code. Then the
researchers could set up
the patterns for control
processing and
movement for proteins.

11. When they were reading the RNA code,
they found that protein RBFOX1 that
controlled the expression of genes that
codify for nerve cell function in brain
would also stabilize the RNA.
When they were reading the RNA code,
they found that protein RBFOX1 that
controlled the expression of genes that
codify for nerve cell function in brain
would also stabilize the RNA.

12. It’s easier to undestand autism and other
molecular deseases by studing RNA control
code, because is simpler than DNA code.
It’s easier to undestand autism and other
molecular deseases by studing RNA control
code, because is simpler than DNA code.

13. The molecular study of this protein
revealed that it was responsible for the
expression of these brain genes and thus
suggests a new way of treatment for
autism.
They also may find the same way,
proteins that help in other diseases,
using this results.
The molecular study of this protein
revealed that it was responsible for the
expression of these brain genes and thus
suggests a new way of treatment for
autism.
They also may find the same way,
proteins that help in other diseases,
using this results.

14.
Doctors and researchers have studied
for a long time ago diseases that can
only be partially explained from the
changes that occur in the genetic
code, but they can not reach an
effective treatment due to lack of
such information that can be only
find Through molecular research, so I
seem important these studies in
order to understand and treat them
in a better way.
Doctors and researchers have studied
for a long time ago diseases that can
only be partially explained from the
changes that occur in the genetic
code, but they can not reach an
effective treatment due to lack of
such information that can be only
find Through molecular research, so I
seem important these studies in
order to understand and treat them
in a better way.

15. *The first investigation brings a future possible
way to stop mistakes and high proliferation in
cancer cell division process by understanding its
molecular interactions
*The first investigation brings a future possible
way to stop mistakes and high proliferation in
cancer cell division process by understanding its
molecular interactions
This goal can be achieved
through further investigation
of the molecular mechanisms
that control in the process of
DNA replication

16. *The second investigation has 2
medical utilities: in short term to
assess the potential of RBFOX1 in
autism therapies and in long term to
explore promising leads on the roles
of unstudied proteins in many other
diseases. because this research
about RNA control code, could offer
a more fruitful area of inquiry, also
to better understand the
mechanisms of DNA control code
since this one is simpler
*The second investigation has 2
medical utilities: in short term to
assess the potential of RBFOX1 in
autism therapies and in long term to
explore promising leads on the roles
of unstudied proteins in many other
diseases. because this research
about RNA control code, could offer
a more fruitful area of inquiry, also
to better understand the
mechanisms of DNA control code
since this one is simpler

17. *For autism teatment,
researchers will have to
work together with experts
in this disease and also see
the impact of the use of
this protein from the
different aspects of the
patient's life.
*For autism teatment,
researchers will have to
work together with experts
in this disease and also see
the impact of the use of
this protein from the
different aspects of the
patient's life.

18. *For other deseases treatmernt,
they will have to continue their
investigation about RNA control
code and proteins.
*For other deseases treatmernt,
they will have to continue their
investigation about RNA control
code and proteins.

19. * Science daily (Web based)
http://sciencedaily.cheapstationery.org.uk;
2013 (Access July14, 2013).Key Step in Molecular 'Dance' That
Duplicates DNA Deciphered.
Avaible:
http://sciencedaily.cheapstationery.org.uk/releases/2013/07/1
30714160514.htm
* News medical (Web based)
http://www.news-medical.net;
2013 (Access July 15, 2013) New discovery reveals how RNA
moves genetic information from DNA to create proteins.
Avaible:
http://www.news-medical.net/news/20130715/New-discovery-
reveals-how-RNA-moves-genetic-information-from-DNA-to-
create-proteins.aspx