This document discusses mutation breeding in several crops including groundnut, wheat, jute, and hibiscus. For each crop, key traits for mutation are listed along with examples of mutant varieties that were developed using techniques like gamma rays and EMS. A case study is described for each crop showing the mutagen and doses used as well as results observed in the mutant populations. Traits improved through mutation breeding included increased yield, disease resistance, quality characteristics, and plant architecture traits.

1. MUTTURAJ M D
MA1TAF0179
M.Sc(Agri)

2. Groundnut
Wheat
Jute
Hibiscus

3. Groundnut
• Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) or peanut is
one among the five extensively grown oil
crops.
• The groundnut seed has dual advantage of
being important as a source of edible oil as
well as protein.
• It is self pollinating and possesses limited
variability.

4. Traits for mutation
 Large seeds,
 High pod yield,
 Resistance to late leaf spot,
 Resistance to pests such that Spodoptera
litura and thrips,
 higher shelling percentage.

5. VARIETIES
NAME PARENT YEAR COUNTY
MUTAGEN
USED
IMPROVED
CHARECTERS
GPBD 5 JL 24 2010 India
Gamma rays
(300Gy)
Large seeds
TG 39 TAG 24 X TG
19
2008 India Gamma rays
(250-300Gy)
Further agronomic
and botanic traits
TLG-45 TG-18A x M-
13 2007
India X-ray and
Gamma rays
High pod yield, semi-
dwarf plant and good
quality
Mutant 28-2 VL 1 2003 India
EMS 0.5% Large seed,
resistance to late leaf
spot, Spodoptera
litura and thrips
Co 2 Pol-1 1984 India EMS 0.2% High yield and higher
shelling percentage

6. CASE STUDY

7.  Due to narrow genetic base of groundnut (Arachis
hypogaea L.).
 Treated seeds of TFDRG 5 with 200 and 300 Gy of
gamma rays and with 1, 2 and 3 mM of sodium
azide(NaN3) singly and in combination.
• For NaN3 treatment, seeds were initially soaked in
distilled water for 4h and then treated with NaN3.
After treatment, seeds were washed properly
under running tap water and then dried under
blotting sheets to remove excess water.
 The combination of 200 Gy and 3 mM of NaN3
induced maximum number of mutants with a
frequency of 2.48% in M2 generation.

8. RESULTS
Maximum numbers of mutants were obtained
for the leaf related traits(small leaf,narrow
leaf, disease mimic leaf, mosaic leaf, virescent
leaf, twisted leaf and Fused Terminal Leaflet)
 15 to 53% superiority along with resistance to
rust.

9. Wheat
• Wheat (Triticum species) is a crop of global
significance. It is grown in diversified
environments.
• It is a staple food of millions of people.
• It supplies about 20 per cent of the food
calories for the world's growing population.
• India is the second largest producer of wheat
after China.

10. Traits for mutation
 High yield.
 Nutritional quality.
 Resistance to diseases.
 Higher Polshenke value suggesting stronger
gluten.
 Salinity tolerance.
 Early maturity.
 high protein content.
bread and chapati making.

11. VARIETIESNAME PARENT YEAR COUNTRY MUTAGEN
USED
IMPROVED
CHARECTERS
Binagom-1 L-880
(PAK)
2016 Bangladeh Mutant
Line
Salinity tolerance
High yield
Baichun 5 PH82-2 2001 China Gamma
rays
High yield
Nutritional quality
Akebono-
mochi
Kinuiroha
2000 Japan EMS Amylose free
Eating and cooking
quality
Bakhtawar-92
1994 Pakistan Gamma
rays
Resistance to diseases
and high yield
Pusa Lerma Lerma rojo
64-A
1971 India Gamma
rays
Higher Pelshenke
value suggesting
stronger gluten
Sharbati
Sonora
Sonora 64
1967 India Gamma
rays
(200Gy)
Amber grain color,
early maturity, high
protein content
(16,5%), bread and
chapati making

12. CASE STUDY

13.  An old tall cultivar of bread wheat (Triticum
aestivum L.) cv. ‘Kharchia 65’ was used in this
study.
Treated with acute doses of 10, 20,30 and 40
kR of gamma rays at the rate of 5.6 r/second
from gamma cell at Genetic Division , IARI.
Mutants characterized by reduced plant
height, square head, awnless ear, amber seed
colour, bold seeds and storage capacities

14. Jute
• Jute is one of the most affordable natural fibers.
• It is second only to cotton in amount produced
and variety of uses of vegetable fibers.
• Jute fibers are composed primarily of the plant
materials cellulose and lignin.
• Jute is also called the golden fiber for its color and
high cash value.
• Two types White jute(Corchorus capsularis) and
Tossa jute (Corchorus olitorius)

15. Traits for mutation
 High fibre yield.
 White color of fibre.
 Resistance to virus diseases.
 Plant height.

16. VARIETIES
NAME PARENT YEAR COUNTRY MUTAGEN
USED
IMPROVED
CHARECTERS
Binadeshipat-2 CVL-1 1997 Bangladesh NaN3,
12mM
High fibre yield,
early sowing
potential and white
color of fibre
Xianghuangma 3 Kuanyech
angguo
1997 China Gamma rays Improved plant
structure and
resistance to virus
diseases

17. CASE STUDY

18. Variety used – D 154
 Mutagen - 18,000 r X-rays
RESULTS
The Ieaves were much smaller ia size than
those of the control plants.
 The differences in plant height, basal
diameter, and leaf dimensions

19. Hibiscus
• Hibiscus is a genus of flowering plants in
the mallow family, Malvaceae.
• Also called as rose mallow.
• The flowers are large, trumpet-shaped, with
five or more petals, color from white to pink,
red, orange, peach, yellow or purple.
• It is an example of complete flowers.

20. Traits for mutation
 Flower color.
 Larger flower size.
 Smaller leaves.
 Small plant height.

21. VARIETIES
NAME PARENT YEAR COUNTRY MUTAGEN
USED
IMPROVED
CHARECTERS
Changhae Suminokura 2006 Korea
Gamma rays
(100Gy)
Bluish purple flower
color and large flower
size
Daegoang Younggwang 2004 Korea Gamma rays
(100Gy)
Large flower size (12-
14 cm in diameter)
Siti Hasmah
Red Shine
Control 2001 Malaysia Gamma rays
(20Gy)
Improved flower color
(red)
Anjali Alipore
Beauty
1987 India Gamma rays
(40Gy)
Light carmine red
color
Purnima Alipore
Beauty
1979 India Gamma rays
Chronic
(400Gy)
Variegated smaller
leaves

22. CASE STUDY

23.  Variety "Sabahia 17" used in this investigation.
 Irradiated with gamma rays (100, 200, 300,
400, 500, 600, 700 and 800 Gy)
RESULTS
The significantly higher calyx yield per plant
recorded by the application of 700 Gy.
The application of 600 Gy gave the highest
effect on increasing anthocyanin.