BITTERGOURD CULTIVATION , PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF BITTER GOURDArvind Yadav
BITTER GOURD
Scientific name : Momordica charantia L.
Family : Cucurbitaceae
Chromosome number :2n=22
Origin : Tropical Asia (Eastern India and
Southern China)
Common names : Balsam pear, Bitter cucumber
Varieties:-
Pusa Do Mausmi
Pusa Vishesh
CO 1
MDU 1
COBgoH-1
VK 1 Priya
Priyanka(Sel.1010)
Arka Harit
Harkani
Phule Green
BITTERGOURD CULTIVATION , PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF BITTER GOURDArvind Yadav
BITTER GOURD
Scientific name : Momordica charantia L.
Family : Cucurbitaceae
Chromosome number :2n=22
Origin : Tropical Asia (Eastern India and
Southern China)
Common names : Balsam pear, Bitter cucumber
Varieties:-
Pusa Do Mausmi
Pusa Vishesh
CO 1
MDU 1
COBgoH-1
VK 1 Priya
Priyanka(Sel.1010)
Arka Harit
Harkani
Phule Green
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Horticulture Vegetable Crops Bitter Gourd PPtx.
1. JNKVV, COLLEGE OF
AGRICULTURE,
TIKAMGARH
Topic –
Production technology of
Bitter Gourd
Presented to –
Dr. Rudrasen Singh
(Scientist, Dept of Plant Breeding &
Genetics)
Dr. Mohini Parmar
(Guest Faculty, Dept of Horticulture)
Presented by :-
Tarun Raghuwanshi
Enroll no. 200301097
Group ‘A’
B.Sc(Hons.) Agriculture, 4th year 2nd
sem
COMMERCIAL
HORTICULTURE
EXPERIMENTAL LEARNING
PROGRAMME
2. BITTER GOURD
Scientific name: Momordica charantia L.
Family: Cucurbitaceae
Chromosome number : 2n=22
Origin: Tropical Asia (Eastern India and Southern
China)
Common names: Balsam pear, Bitter cucumber
INTRODUCTION TO BITTER GOURD:
3. ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE:
• The fruits are rich in iron, vitamin A, B, C and are an
inexpensive source of proteins and minerals.
• It is considered good for curing blood diseases,
rheumatism, diabetes and asthma.
• Bitter gourd leaves are known to act as galactogogs
and a powder prepared from the leaves is good for
treating ulcers.
• It has been reported that protein of bitter gourd
4. • Pusa Do Mausmi
• Pusa Vishesh
• CO 1
• MDU 1
• COBgoH-1
• VK 1 Priya
• Priyanka (Sel.1010)
• Arka Harit
• Harkani
• Phule Green
VARIETIES:
5. • It can be grown under both tropical and sub-tropical climates but warm
climate is considered best.
• At temperature between 25°-30°C, the growth is normal and yield is high.
• When the temperature is less than 18°C, the growth is slow leading to poor
yield.
• When temperature is above 36°C there is poor production of female flowers
resulting in poor yield.
• The production of female flowers was increased by low temperature
treatment (20°C) under short-day.
CLIMATE REQUIREMENT :
6. • The crop can be grown in all
types of soils but sandy loam
and silt loam soils are most
suitable.
• The best pH would be 6.5-7.0.
For higher production, the soil
should be rich in organic
manure either proper drainage
facility.
Plough the field for 3-4 times.
Apply 20-25 tonnes of farmyard
manure at the last ploughing.
SOIL : FIELD PREPARATION :
7. SOWING :
• Four seeds are sown per pit and later two to three seedlings per pit
are retained.
• Instead of sowing in the main field, the seeds can be sown in
polythene bags and can be shifted to pits in the main field after 15-
20 days; 4 to 5 kg of seeds is sufficient to sow one hectare.
• The seeds have to be treated with Thiram @ 2g/kg of seeds.
8. Sowing Season : Spacing :
Long channels of 60cm
width are formed at a
spacing of 2m. Along this
channel, pits of 45cm are
dug at a spacing of 1.5m.
Season:-In hills, the
seed is sown from April
to July. In plains, seed is
sown from January-
March. The second rop
is taken in June-July
10. IRRIGATION
:
Since bitter gourd is sown both in rainy and summer
seasons, rainy season crop normally does not require much
watering except during dry spells.
Being a shallow rooted vegetable, roots are mostly
concentrated at top 60cm soil layer. The crop should be
irrigated immediately after planting in summer and
subsequently at 2-3 days interval until flowering.
11. WEED MANAGEMENT :
The field should be free from weeds throughout cropping
season.
Glycophosphate at 4.5kg/ha if applied after weed
emergence and before sowing, weeds can be effectively
controlled.
12. USE OF GROWTH REGULATORS
:
• Ethrel at 25ppm increases female flowers.
• GA at 60ppm reduces the ratio of male: female flowers.
• Seed treatment with B9 at 3-4 ppm for 20 hours gave the highest
number of female flowers per plant.
Application of growth regulators at 2-4 leaf stage play an important
role in expression and sex ratio.
MH at 50-150ppm and CCC at 50-100ppm increase female:male ratio
and at a high concentration of 200ppm CCC it is reduced.
13. PEST CONTROL :
Whitefly, Fruit fly. Tomato fruitworm , Aphids ,Thrips
are important pests of bitter gourd.
Control :
• The aphids can be easily controlled by spraying
Malathion (0.1 %) or Rogor (0.1-0.2%)
• use attractants like citronella oil, eucalyptus oil, vinegar,
and lactic acid to trap flies.
14. DISEASE MANAGEMENT :
Powdery mildew, Downy Mildew, Angular leaf spot, Anthracnose,
mosaic virus etc are important diseases.
Control –
• For downey mildew spray Metalaxyl 4% + Mancozeb 64% WP.
• For powdery mildew provide Tebuconazole 25.9% EC 1 ml/lit
water
• For mosaic Thiamethoxam 25% WG 0.3 – 0.5 gm/lit water
15. HARVESTING : YIELD :
The average yield of
bitter gourd varies from
100- 150 q/ha, while 200-
300q/ha of hybrids
Immature tender fruits are
harvested. The colour of
tender fruit is light-green or
darkgreen whitish- green
depending upon variety. At
fully ripe stage the colour of
the fruits turns to yellow or
orange and for seed purpose
the fruits are harvested at this
stage.