Municipal solid waste consists of household trash, construction debris, and waste from streets, institutions, commercial establishments, and agriculture. It can be categorized as biodegradable or non-biodegradable, and hazardous or non-hazardous. The solid waste problem originated in the 20th century due to industrialization and technological advances. Proper waste management is important for environmental sanitation and should be environmentally friendly, economically affordable, and aesthetically pleasing while also being energy efficient. Resource recovery takes useful discarded items and processes them for specific next uses like recycling to prevent energy usage and consumption of fresh raw materials. The 3Rs - reduce, reuse, and recycle - provide strategies for sustainable waste management.