Mumps is a viral infection that primarily affects saliva-producing (salivary) glands that are located near your ears. Mumps can cause swelling in one or both of these glands. Mumps was common in the United States until mumps vaccination became routine. Since then, the number of cases has dropped dramatically.
How long do mumps last?
Symptoms of mumps generally last about 10 days. Once you recover, you usually are immune from getting the mumps virus for the rest of your life.
Is the mumps serious?
A: Mumps can be serious, but most people with mumps recover completely within two weeks. While infected with mumps, many people feel tired and achy, have a fever, and swollen salivary glands on the side of the face
This ppt contains all information about epidemiology of mumps. It is useful for students of medical field learning preventive and social medicine, Swasthavritta (Ayurved), nursing and everyone who is interested in knowing about it.
Brief and easily understandable description on measles along with images for undergraduate students. this presentation would help in picturising what measles is.
#Rubella #German measles
Rubella is also known as German measles because the disease was first described by German physicians, Friedrich Hoffmann, in the mid-eighteenth century.
This ppt contains all information about epidemiology of mumps. It is useful for students of medical field learning preventive and social medicine, Swasthavritta (Ayurved), nursing and everyone who is interested in knowing about it.
Brief and easily understandable description on measles along with images for undergraduate students. this presentation would help in picturising what measles is.
#Rubella #German measles
Rubella is also known as German measles because the disease was first described by German physicians, Friedrich Hoffmann, in the mid-eighteenth century.
Mumps is an acute viral infection of childhood that typically involves swelling of one or both parotid glands, although many different organs can be infected.
Rubella, also known as German measles or three-day measles, is an infection caused by the rubella virus. This disease is often mild with half of the people not realizing that they are infected. A rash may start around two weeks after exposure and last for three days.
This ppt contains all information about epidemiology of Measles. It is useful for students of medical field learning preventive and social medicine, Swasthavritta (Ayurved), nursing and everyone who is interested in knowing about it.
Mumps is an acute viral infection of childhood that typically involves swelling of one or both parotid glands, although many different organs can be infected.
Rubella, also known as German measles or three-day measles, is an infection caused by the rubella virus. This disease is often mild with half of the people not realizing that they are infected. A rash may start around two weeks after exposure and last for three days.
This ppt contains all information about epidemiology of Measles. It is useful for students of medical field learning preventive and social medicine, Swasthavritta (Ayurved), nursing and everyone who is interested in knowing about it.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
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New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...
Mumps
1. Mumps
Introduction
prepared by Gaurab Pandey Health professional
Mumps is a viral illness caused by a paramyxovirus a member of the Rubella virus
family which is a single standard RNA viruses
Mumps is a contagious viral infection that is spread from one person to another
through saliva, nasal secretion, and
other means of close contact.
Mumps is usually identified by severe pain, swelling, and tenderness of the parotid
salivary glands. The infection can be spread by sneezing, coughing, sharing personal
items (utensils, cups, glasses), and touching surfaces with unwashed hands
2. Causative agents
• Mumps is caused by paramyxovirus which is
single standard RNA viruses and also a
member of Rubella family.
3. Clinical features
Signs and Symptoms of Mumps:
The signs and symptoms of mumps appear within two to three weeks
of exposure to the virus. Most commonly, the individuals suffering
from mumps will experience flu-like symptoms.
• Swollen salivary glands
• Fatigue
• Body aches
• High body temperature
• Joint pain
• Pain while chewing the food
• Headache
• Mild abdominal pain
• Loss of appetite
• Unusual tiredness
4. Incubation period
The incubation period of mumps virus after
entering into the body is two to three weeks.
The onset of the symptoms begins after the
incubation period, and the disease lasts for a week
to ten days. The hallmark findings, such as pain and
swelling of the parotid glands usually develop after
three days of the illness
An average incubation period is about 14 – 18 days.
5. Mode of Transmission
• The mumps virus is spread by saliva or respiratory
secretions, such as mucus.
• Mumps virus can be passed from person to person
by getting in contact with the saliva droplets of an
infected individual. Kissing, sharing food, drinking
cups, utensils, and objects that are used by an
infected person can spread the virus more easily.
• Respiratory droplets
• Close contact
• fomities
6. Risk factors
• Having a risk factor does not necessarily increase the risk of
mumps, but the chances of getting the infection can be
high than a normal individual. The factors that increase the
risk of developing mumps include:
• Unvaccinated children between the age group of 2-12 years
are at an increased risk of developing mumps
• Children with a weakened immune system are more prone
to the risk of mumps
• Individuals travelling to the places where there is an
outbreak of mumps can develop the risk of mumps
• Children who have taken only one dose of MMR vaccine
can acquire the condition more easily
• An unvaccinated person getting in contact with an
individual with mumps can be easily infected with the virus
7. Early detection and treatment
Laboratory based detection:
• To diagnose mumps, the doctor will perform a physical
examination by identifying the facial symptoms. The symptoms of
mumps can be felt more prominently by palpating and looking at
the swelling of the tonsils. The doctor will recommend the
following tests to confirm the diagnosis of mumps:
• Blood Tests: A sample of the blood is collected and tested to
identify the disease-causing microorganism. The doctor may also
recommend the culture of the microorganism if needed.
• Swab Test: The doctor would take a sample of the saliva to
confirm the diagnosis of mumps.
• Fluid Analysis: In severe cases, the doctor would order for
cerebrospinal fluid analysis. However, this test is done under
extremely rare conditions.
• RT –PCR and culture:
8. Contd.
Clinical presentation based:
• To diagnose mumps, the doctor will perform a
physical examination by identifying the facial
symptoms. The symptoms of mumps can be felt
more prominently by palpating and looking at the
swelling of the tonsils.
• Parotitis or swelling of sublingual or submandibular
salivary gland for 2 or more years
9. Contd.
Epidemiological evidence based:
• Contact of laboratory confirmed mumps cases.
• Contact of a person with parotitis.
• Member of a risk group defined by public health authorities
during an outbreaks.
• Returned from domestic or international within 25 days of
symptoms onset.
• Travel history.
• Immunization history.
10. Treatment
Treatment of Mumps:
• The treatment aims to relieve the symptoms of mumps. There is no treatment
for mumps as there are no antiviral medications to kill the mumps virus. The
doctor will prescribe over-the-counter painkillers, such as ibuprofen or
acetaminophen to ease the symptoms of mumps.
• Home remedies to reduce the pain and discomfort of mumps include:
• Ensure sufficient sleep and bed rest until the illness is completed cured
• Drink plenty of water and fluids
• Place a warm or cold compress near the swollen glands to ease the pain
• Prefer eating soft foods, such as oatmeal, fruits, mashed vegetables, etc., that
doesn’t require lots of chewing
• Avoid taking sour foods or juices that stimulate saliva production
Vaccination: There are two vaccines that can prevent mumps:
The MMR (Measles,Mumps and Rubella)
The MMRV(Measles,Mumps,Rubella and varicella/chickenpox
11. Prevention and control
Prevention and control of Mumps:
• Immunization with the combination vaccine of measles-mumps-
rubella (MMR) on time, is the effective way to prevent mumps.
Apart from 2 doses of MMR vaccine, the following preventive
measures to reduce the spread of infection. They include:
• Avoid direct contact with the person infected with mumps
• Do not go to school/workplace until the infection is completely
healed
• Ensure to cover the nose and mouth while sneezing or coughing
• Wash your hands thoroughly with water and soap
• Health education and awareness
• Eat healthy dietary foods ,plenty of fluids
12. complication
Complications resulting from mumps are very rare. But, if the condition is left untreated, it can
result in serious complications, such as:
Testicular Inflammation:
• Swollen testicles are known as orchitis. Nearly 15-40% of the men who are infected by the virus experience
severe pain and inflammation in the testicles. In some cases, this can result in sterility.
Swelling of the Ovaries:
• Mumps can cause inflammation in the ovaries, especially in the adolescent women. Rarely, swelling of the
breasts (due to mastitis) can also be seen.
Encephalitis:
• Mumps can lead to a potentially fatal condition called as encephalitis (inflammation of the brain).
Encephalitis can cause life-threatening neurological problems.
Meningitis:
• Untreated mumps may increase the risk of meningitis (swelling of the membrane and fluid buildup around
the brain and spinal cord). In some cases, the mumps virus is spread through the bloodstream and infect
the central nervous system.
Inflammation of the Pancreas:
• Mumps can increase the risk of a condition known as pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas).
Hearing Problems:
• Mumps can cause damage to the inner ear (cochlea), which can result in temporary or permanent hearing
loss.
Miscarriage:
• Women who are infected with mumps virus during pregnancy are at a higher risk of a miscarriage.