Multimedia should be designed based on learning principles from behavioral, cognitive, and constructivist psychology. Behavioral principles emphasize reinforcement, feedback, and clear expectations. Cognitive principles promote dual coding, active learning, and mental models through interactive multimedia like video and animation. Constructivist principles focus on discovery learning, situated learning in real-world contexts, reflecting complex problems with multiple solutions, and collaborative learning through social interaction.

1. Implications of Learning Principles in the design of Learning Multimedia

2. Why learn about Learning principlesInstruction is the application of learning principles.Effective educational materials delivers effective instruction.Multimedia should be used to design effective educational materials.

3. Three Learning Philosophies

4. Behavioral Psychology PrinciplesCorrect responses must be followed up with immediate feedback or reinforcement.Stimuli can be positive or negative.When a stimuli reinforce behavior: provide positive feedback.The learner has learned something when you can observe his behaviorImmediate feedback can be given in the form of sounds, animation, color and audio.There should be a score element and an evaluation element

5. Behavioral Psychology Principles (cont’d)The learning process in behaviorism is linear.The sensory perception in learning is very importantThe purpose of the software is stated clearly.

6. The learner knows what to expect.

7. After an exercise, the exercise can be checked. The sound, animation and color in a program is very important and have to do with the sensory perception of the learner.

8. Cognitive Psychology PrinciplesDual Coding theory : learning is enhanced when complementary information codes are received simultaneouslyActive Learning (people learn by doing)The use of different and interactive multimedia (video, sound, animation... etc.) enhances dual coding.Multimedia has the capacity to require learner’s action.

9. Action should go beyond human-computer interactions.Cognitive Psychology Principles (cont’d)Mental models: representation in memory to understand complex skills and phenomenaTransfer of Learning (applying and using knowledge in real world)Provide conceptual models: computer diagrams, animations, video presentations… etc. = Using simulations and case-based scenarios is essential in multimedia design to insure transfer.