This document proposes a technical solution to improve fish passage, specifically for brown trout, at three weirs along the Caraş River in Romania. The solution involves modifying an existing concrete separator at one of the weirs to create a smoother slope. A concrete basin would then be built, connected to a narrow concrete channel running through the separator. This channel, supported by concrete pillars, would allow fish to safely pass over the weir at low water velocities. Testing is still needed, but the authors believe this low-cost solution could help restore connectivity for brown trout in the river system.
The People’s Water Board is a coalition of labor, social justice, and environmental organizations based in Detroit. They work together to confront: 1) devastating lack of access to water faced by tens of thousands of low-income people who have had their water shut off; 2) water pollution due to aging wastewater infrastructure; and 3) the effort of corporate interests to gain control of Detroit’s water system. Listen to this panel discussion to learn about their struggles and victories.
The People’s Water Board is a coalition of labor, social justice, and environmental organizations based in Detroit. They work together to confront: 1) devastating lack of access to water faced by tens of thousands of low-income people who have had their water shut off; 2) water pollution due to aging wastewater infrastructure; and 3) the effort of corporate interests to gain control of Detroit’s water system. Listen to this panel discussion to learn about their struggles and victories.
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
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In December 2014 WRT held a Catchment Based Approach and Catchment Restoration Fund Conference in Exeter. The University of Plymouth's Peter Down gave a presentation on his work studying the hydromorphology of rivers, especially the effect of reservoirs on river substrates.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) is a peer reviewed online journal for professionals and researchers in the field of computer science. The main aim is to resolve emerging and outstanding problems revealed by recent social and technological change. IJRES provides the platform for the researchers to present and evaluate their work from both theoretical and technical aspects and to share their views.
www.irjes.com
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
In December 2014 WRT held a Catchment Based Approach and Catchment Restoration Fund Conference in Exeter. The University of Plymouth's Peter Down gave a presentation on his work studying the hydromorphology of rivers, especially the effect of reservoirs on river substrates.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) is a peer reviewed online journal for professionals and researchers in the field of computer science. The main aim is to resolve emerging and outstanding problems revealed by recent social and technological change. IJRES provides the platform for the researchers to present and evaluate their work from both theoretical and technical aspects and to share their views.
www.irjes.com
One of the six lectures composing 'Exploring Ocean, Explore the Planet Earth' online course offered by Blue Green Foundation Bangladesh & Octophin. The training was attended by participants from 40 countries. The presentation is organized in three sections: (i) the good- describing what benefits we get from the Ocean, (ii) the bad- bad things happening to the ocean because of human activities, e.g. climate change and their impacts on the sea, (iii) the ugly- very bad things that are happening to the sea due to anthropogenic activities, pollution and their impacts on ocean life forms are discussed in this section.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Occurrence patterns of alien freshwater turtles in a large urban pond 'Archip...Maria Paola Di Santo
The patterns of the occurrence and distribution of alien freshwater turtle species in an urban pond archipelago (Rome, Italy) were analysed, with the aim of exploring the role of a set of factors (type of ponds, landscape context, size area, distance from the nearest road) with a generalized linear model approach. A total of 311 ponds subdivided in three types (fountains, small basins, lakes) embedded in different landscape contexts (public parks, private parks, urban areas) at differing distances from the nearest road were sampled. Six non-native freshwater turtle species in 31 sites were recorded (9.97%). Lakes exhibited the highest occurrence rates of alien freshwater turtles, compared to small basins and fountains. Freshwater turtle species in urbanized areas were only observed in parks (both public and private). In both the public and private parks, the lakes exhibited the highest percentage of occupied sites, with fountains being the lowest. A direct and significant relationship was observed between pond size and species richness. The distance from the nearest road did not appear to affect species richness. A first interpretation of the data from this study facilitated the postulation of two a posteriori hypotheses that should be tested, as follows: (i) the causal process of turtle release is random, and the rate of extinction (and recapture) is higher in smaller ponds, thus producing the observed pattern; and (ii) the turtle release is not random, and people actively select the ponds they consider more suitable for their pet animals. In this study, it appears the lakes were perceived by those who abandon their pets as the most ecologically suitable habitats among other pond types to accommodate the different species of turtles. Knowledge of people's attitudes in regard to releasing pet animals also might assist managers of public green spaces to develop strategies aimed to preserve local biodiversity, and to educate the public about the conservation issue represented by the alien species.
Developing Australia's Tropical Water ResourceseWater
As Australia looks increasingly to its tropical northern lands as a prospective ‘food-bowl for Asia’ we should reflect on two important questions:
(i) Have we gained sufficient knowledge and wisdom from a century of unsustainable irrigation practices in southern Australia to do things differently in the future?
(ii) Is Northern Australia really the agricultural utopia that some in the community argue, and do the potential rewards justify the risks to our largely pristine and biodiverse tropical river basins?
Part one of this series describes the environmental consequences of water resources development in Australia’s south – in the Murray-Darling Basin.
Changing patch dynamics of Cape eelgrass Zostera capensis: impacts of loss on...Joseph Galaske
The cape eelgrass Zostera capensis is an ecosystem engineer endemic to South Africa. Given its rapid decline in recent years, this study aimed to address the following: (1) Do total area and patch dynamics change over time? (2) Do these trends impact patch quality? (3) How does this affect epifaunal communities? Using satellite imagery, we discovered fragmentation and a net loss of 47% in seagrass beds from 2009 to 2015.
Bio-Engineering Solutions for Restoring the PeŃa Creek, on the water sector...Răzvan Voicu
The issue of ecological restoration of water courses is a matter of public interest and has emerged as a consequence of human impact caused by the following factors:
industrialization, urbanization, agricultural and livestock activities, exploitation of
riverbeds materials, adjustment and embankment works etc.
The application of measures on restoring ecological status / potential of
deteriorated lotic systems, in accordance with W.F.D. (2000/60/EC) presents a
significant contribution to restoring functions (e.g. provisioning, regulating, supporting,
cultural) and implicitly services generated (ex. water quality) by the ecological systems
of natural capital.
2
The purpose of this paper is to propose solutions to renaturating the banks of the
PeŃa Creek, specifically in the river sector: PeŃa -> confluence to Hidisel creek –
discharging into the Crisul Repede River (L = 12.7 km) wich has been designated as
body of water heavily modified, in Crisuri River Area Management Plan. Considering
that this deteriorated sector has a moderate ecological potential, the objective is
restoring its ecological potential from moderate to good level in accordance with the
requirements of the WFD 2000/60 / EC.
In order to achieve its purpose in this paper, there was a detailed analysis of the
study area (documentation, field trips, analyzing data on biocenosis and water quality
and and data analysis to justify the designation of the body of water heavily modified)
and a river sector was selected in the unincorporated area of Oradea, Sânmartin
Village, Bihor County. This river sector has a length of 100 meters and has undergone
transformation as a result the regularization made in 1978.
Also, as mentioned above, the bio-engineering solutions proposed have local
character, and should be coupled with suitable m
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptx
Msd10.2478 volume10 issue-2_01paper
1.
5
Management of Sustainable Development Sibiu, Romania, Volume 10, No.2, December 2018
10.2478/msd-2019-0001
CARAŞ RIVER GORGE ASPECTS OF SALMONIDS’ COMMUNITIES
MANAGEMENT – TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS
Răzvan, VOICU1
, Doru, BĂNĂDUC2
, Larry, GREENBERG3
, and Angela, CURTEAN-BĂNĂDUC4
1
National Institute of Hydrology and Water management, Bucureşti, Romania, rzvnvoicu@yahoo.com
2
“Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, Applied Ecology Research Center, Sibiu, Romania, ad.banaduc@yahoo.com/
Broward College, Davie, Florida, USA, dbanaduc@broward.edu
3
Karlstad University, Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Karlstad, Sweden, S-65188, Larry.Greenberg@kau.se
4
“Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, Faculty of Sciences, Sibiu, Romania, angela.banaduc@ulbsibiu.ro
ABSTRACT: There are many obstacles in rivers that prevent or hinder passage of fish past barriers. Here, we present a specially
designed solution for juvenile and adult brown trout so that they may to swim past discharge-regulating weirs in the upper Caraş
River in both the upstream and downstream directions. The proposed solution relies on gravity flow and will have current velocities
that will not inhibit weak swimmers swimming upstream to pass the weirs. Corrosion-resistant materials and the absence of
components that could potentially injure the fish will be used in the construction of these technical solutions. Although testing of the
functionality of this solutions for upstream - downstream and downstream - upstream passage of weirs is needed, we believe that if
implemented, it should improve connectivity especially for brown trout and consequently conserve within-stream genetic diversity
in the Caraş River and where appropriate in alike other Carpathian lotic systems with similar types of weirs.
KEY WORDS: Brown trout, Caraş River, Banat, discharge-regulating weirs, habitats fragmentation, fish passages.
1. INTRODUCTION
To characterize the ecological status of a lotic system and its
need for remedial measures, one should not only consider the
ecology of the organisms living in the system, but one should
also take into account the geomorphology, hydrology,
connectivity and water quality of the system. All of these
factors are tightly interlinked and neglect or exclusion of one of
them may lead to erroneous conclusions about the status of the
system or the remedial measures that are needed (Aadland
1993, 2010).
Most effective remedial measures need to be carefully
evaluated, and subsequently adapted to the local conditions, in
terms of environmental potential response (Brittain, 1996).
Human-made obstacles in lotic systems (culverts, weirs, and
dams) generally have environmental impact, often affecting
freshwater fish species, many of which are of economic
importance (Gumpinger and Scheder, 2008; Trichkova et al.,
2009; Jeeva et al., 2011; Rumana et al., 2015; Curtean-
Bănăduc et al., 2015; Weis, 2018). The fish populations in
Carpathian streams and rivers of Romania are no exception in
this respect, with numerous reports of impacted populations
(Curtean-Bănăduc et al., 2014, 2018; Costiniuc and Davideanu,
2006; Bănăduc et al., 2002, 2010, 2013; Voicu et al., 2016).
Various types of protected areas in the Carpathians were
established to preserve their ecological status, and their
preservation strategies include in numerous cases the fish. The
proposals for these protected areas took into consideration
several different criteria such as natural or nearly natural
habitats, persistent and healthy fish populations, ecologically
and economically important species and low levels of human
impacts. (Bănăduc 2011; Bănăduc et al. 2012)
Salmo trutta fario, resident in many Carpathian rivers and
streams, is an economically very valuable fish species used
both for fishing and aquaculture (Hard et al. 2008; Pomeroy et
al. 2008; Kruzhylina and Didenko, 2011).
This species uses a broad range of different types of habitats in
streams (for shelter, feed, rest, spawn, nursery, etc.) and habitat
use differs with age of the fish (Bănărescu 1964; Elliott 1994;
Crisp 2000). In addition to habitat, the species often relies on
an intact connectivity between habitats to complete their life
cycles (Schwartz et al. 2007). Connectivity is also relevant if
one is interested in preserving genetic diversity, thereby
maintaining a high adaptive potential for the fish populations.
Admixture is one potential process that preserves genetic
diversity, which occurs when spawners migrate back and forth
from one part of a watershed to another and/or among different
watersheds (Ostergren et al. 2012). This phenomenon often
plays a large role when tributaries are spatially close (Carlsson
and Nilsson, 2000). All age classes of salmonids can be
negatively affected by changes in flow conditions, both natural
and anthropogenically-induced (Warren et al. 2015; Bănăduc,
2008; Bănăduc et al., 2013). Anthropogenic activities and/or
catastrophic natural events that induce lotic fragmentation in a
basin may hinder fish from reaching spawning grounds as well
as isolate populations, leading to inbreeding or genetic drift
(Cunjak and Power, 1986).
Many dams, culverts and weirs are barriers to migration of
native fish. Many fish passage solutions have been constructed
to facilitate fish migration, but not all of them are functional or
as effective as one would like (Bowman and Rowe, 2002,
Gillian O’Doherty, 2009). Reasons for poor functionality often
have had to deal with the fact that fish have trouble locating the
fishway entrance (Rivinoja et al. 2001), or because the
hydraulic conditions are not amenable to the fish’s swimming
ability and behavior (Aaerstrup et al. 2003). Even for fishways
with high passage, there may be substantial delays (Calles and
Greenberg 2009).
2.
6
The causes of passage problems are numerous, with much
focus given to hydropower and riverbeds hidrotechnical works.
There are many other types of obstacles that fish need to
overcome, such as culverts and weirs, and passage solutions for
these are needed.
Our proposed specific technical solution is expected to provide
fish passage for native fish without impeding water flow, to
survive future flood events, and to show that fish-friendly
hydrological weirs can be constructed based on low-tech
approach.
The purpose of this study is to offer passage solutions for
brown trout at three weirs in the lower Caraş River Gorge area.
The Caraş River originates on the western part of the Semenic
Mountains at about 700 m a.s.l. and flows 110 km before
emptying into the Danube River. In Romania, the river flows
for 80 km and the basin has a surface area of 1,118 km2
. The
upper Caraş Basin is characterized by limestone formations and
spectacular gorges. The annual average flow fluctuates
between 20 l/s in the high elevation areas to below 7.0 l/s in
low elevation areas. There are periods with relatively high
flows, which can move fish downstream over existing human-
made barriers. (Posea, 1982; Ghinea, 2002)
The Caraş River ichthyofauna was studied by Bănărescu
(1964) over 50 years ago, but has changed since then, mainly
due to reductions in the range of some of the indigenous fish
species, including brown trout.
The numerous weirs and dams lacking fish passage solutions
contribute to this situation.
The specific technical solution proposed in this paper work will
allow brown trout individuals to move freely past three weirs in
the lower part of the gorges. These solutions will reduce the
slope at the obstructions (Voicu and Dominguez, 2016),
thereby improving conditions for salmonids movements in this
section of the river.
2. OBSTACLES FOR FISH
The three discharge weirs are situated upstream of Caraşova
locality (Fig. 1).
These are located in the Semenic-Caraş Gorge National Park,
designated as an IUCN management category II.
Figure 1. The location of the three discharge weirs in the Caraş River.
The proposed solutions in this paper for restoring longitudinal
connectivity in the upper Caraş River sustain the conservation
of fish species too, in particular all that fish species present in
the studied area and mentioned in the Semenic - Cheile
Caraşului protected area management plan, but especially the
brown trout.
We propose to be built fish migration systems for the spillways
(weirs) at sites 1-3.
Here we present our design for the weir at site 2, situated about
103 m downstream of site 1 (Fig. 1).
The weir at this site is 12.3 m wide, has a crown thickness of
1.31 m, and water spills approximately 1.6 m from the top of
the weir (Fig. 2).
Before being able to construct the proposed fish migration
system centrally-located concrete separator needed to be
repaired (Fig. 3).
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Figure 2. The weir at site 2 in the Caraş River.
Figure 3. The discharge weir at site 2, showing the existing concrete separator - indicative figure.
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3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The concrete separator (concrete wall), with a maximum height
of 50 cm, a length of 10 m and a thickness of 46 cm, has an
inclined irregular upper surface (Fig. 4). We propose to
smoothen the upper surface so that it forms a smooth plane
(linear in cross-section). To do this we will raise the maximum
height by 5 cm (Fig. 5). The length (10 m) and the slope will
remain the same as at present.
Figure 4. A longitudinal cross-section of the existing concrete separator - indicative scheme.
Figure 5. A longitudinal cross-section of the concrete separator after proposed repairs - indicative figure.
After modifying the concrete separator, a concrete basin,
referred to as the water catchment basin, will be constructed so
it will exceed the height of the weir by approx. 40 cm on three
sides (Fig. 6).
Two concrete sheet piles of equal height (approximately 40
cm) will be attached perpendicular to the concrete basin and
extend along the entire width of the weir (Fig. 6). The collector
basin will also be attached to the concrete separator and will
have a height of approximately 1.4 m.
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Figure 6. A schematic drawing showing the concrete basin and how it is attached to the concrete separator (the blue depicts the
water) - indicative figure.
The water will flow through the receiving basin, through its
crenellation, which is directly connected to the fish migration
channel (the length of the channel is 8 meters, width 46 cm and
height 44 cm, with 42 cm water blade), and fish will use this
system to go over the spill threshold (Fig. 7).
The channel will be inclined with a slope of approx. 10 m/km.
The average water current flowing through this channel will be
approx. 0.5 m/s, about half the mean current velocity calculated
for the study reach.
Four concrete pillars in the concrete separator will be used to
support the channel (Fig. 7). The pillars will be attached to the
channel with stainless steel dowels (Fig. 7).
Figure 7. Schematic diagram showing the channel and how the pillars support and are attached to channel.
sftjfj
io[iofgdfh
sdgddh
discharge
sill
2
water
catchment
basin
concrete
channel
for
the
migration
of
the
ichthyofauna
concrete
separator
yiy
h
crenel
sheet
piles
1,4
m
gkhgkk
sgg
discharge
sill
water
catchment
basin
concrete
separator
concrete
pillar
metal
dowel
concrete
channel
for
fish
migration
Caraș
River
concrete
separator
concrete
channel
for
fish
migration
concrete
pillar
concrete
riverbed
metal
dowel
natural
river
bed
natural
river
bed
6.
10
The channel will have the following approximate dimensions:
40 cm width, 45 cm height and 8 meters long. Besides water
coming directly from the river, a side channel will support the
system with extra water if needed (outlet Tyrol) (Fig. 8). 20 cm
water high flows enter continuously over the weir in the water
capture basin. The lateral flow from the side channel is stored
in a concrete basin attached to a concrete stream bank. This
water enters the water catchment basin via a metal pipe (Fig.
7), equipped with a regulating valve at the upstream end. On
the fish migrating channel, four sides (two by two) pockets like
structures (parallelepiped-resistant glass resting areas for fish),
(Figure 8). The fish can rest in this 30 cm deep and 35 cm wide
structure made entirely of glass resistant, which allow the fish
to be able to have the required light to enter this space (Figure
8). Upstream of the spillway a semicircular metal grid is
attached, which redirects the floating plastic bottles, this grid
has about 40 cm and is half in the water half outside,
symmetrical to the average river level (Figure 8). The grid will
be 40 cm high, with half of it below the water surface and thus
approaching fish should be able to swim under it. The depth of
the water upstream of the weir is approximately 1 meter. The
fish cannot get out from the channel because there is a concrete
grid on top. When this system should to be repaired, a
galvanized structure will be fixed on the semi-circular grid
which redirects the floating plastic bottle, so all the water that
reaches the basin for water capture is redirected over the weir
threshold. Within this context the pipe that feeds the basin for
water capture closes with the tap situated on it. (Figure 9).
The water coming from the river flows continuously over the
discharge sill and will arrive in water catchment basin. In order
for the catchment basin to be full and to feed the fish migration
channel with a flow corresponding to the migration, it must be
fed by a metal pipe equipped with a regulating valve at the
upstream end. In front of each concrete pillar supporting the
migratory channel of the fish will be fixed fish resting tanks.
These resting tanks for fish are made of highly resistant
transparent sheet piles and looks like rectangular
parallelepipeds. We can also call them fish pockets. The fish
can enter in these resting rectangular parallelepipeds by some
crenels made in the fish migration channel. The floats to not
block the fish migration channel, a metal grid is attached on the
discharge sill. This grid will be partly in the water partially out
but with its size and positioning it allows the fish to easily pass
under it and to get upstream of the spillway. For system
repairs, we can fix a metal semicircular metal sheet pile to the
existing metallic grid to redirect the water that penetrates the
fish migration channel over the discharge sill.
Figure 8. Schematic drawing showing a bird’s eye view of the collector basin water system - indicative figure.
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fgjfj
metal
pipe
CARAȘ
RIVER
discharge
sill
2
water
system
of
the
water
catchment
basin
water
catchment
basin
concrete
pillar
channel
for
the
migration
of
the
ichthyofauna
resting
place
ihtiofauna
metal
semicircular
grille
water
tap
concrete
grid
7.
11
Figure 9. Schematic drawing showing a resting space for fish - indicative figure.
4. CONCLUSIONS
All components of the fish migration system are made of
resistant and non-corrosive materials. The system is attached
to the weir and does not affect the weir’s structure and
functionality. The water speed in the channel will be low
enough so that weak swimmers and juveniles can pass. This
system can easily be removed and placed at another location.
The proposed system is entirely based on the gravity flow of
the water. Corrosion-resistant materials and lack of
components that can injure fish make this a user-friendly
system. This system can operate at all spill thresholds with
heights of up to 2.5 m where downstream of the spill way is
enough length needed to the construction of a concrete
separator. There where is not present a concrete wall
(separator) with a sloping plan of the upper edge, it can be
done relatively easy.
This system should contribute to the conservation of genetic
diversity and a high adaptive potential for salmonids valuable
populations.
5. AKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The research data were partially acquired in the Swiss-
Romanian cooperation program „Southwestern Carpathian
Wilderness and Sustainable Development Initiatives”.
The researchers benefit also by the Semenic-Caraşului Gorge
National Park administration and scientific councill
permanent support.
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