The document discusses methods of flood control and river management. It describes various causes of flooding such as heavy rain, urbanization, dam collapse, tsunamis, snowmelt, monsoons, and global warming. Common flood control techniques include building dams and pumping stations, barriers like embankments and flood walls, altering river channels by straightening and widening them, and controlling land use near rivers. The Mississippi and Nile Rivers are discussed as examples, with details provided about the extensive levee system along the Mississippi and the Aswan High Dam on the Nile.

1. Methods of flood control

2. Causes of flooding Torrential rain Urbanisation increases surface run-off

3. Causes of flooding… Dam collapse Tsunami caused by underwater earthquake Snow melt

4. Causes of flooding…. Monsoon rain Global warming Deforestation

7. 2.Build barriers

8. 3. Alter the river’s channel

9. 4. Control land use

10. Emergency measures….

11. Mississippi, USA

12. Levee on the Mississippi Note the school bus for scale and the seepage along the side of the levee.

13. The Mississippi River levee system represents one of the largest such systems found anywhere in the world. They comprise over 3,500 miles (5,600 km) of levees extending some 1,000 miles (1,600 km) along the Mississippi. They average 24 feet (7 m) in height; some Mississippi levees are as much as 50 feet (15 m) high.

14. River Nile, Egypt

15. The Aswan High Dam

18. Remember! The best reports will be structured and will have your own additional research! Assessment criteria Recognise that there are conflicting demands on the river and the surrounding land; Compare different approaches to managing the river and its environment. Describe and explain physical processes (flooding and its causes) and human processes (eg management methods); Describe the links between physical and human processes. Suggest relevant questions for the enquiry; use evidence to make valid conclusions. 6 Recognise that people try to manage environments sustainably; Give explanations for ways in which river management changes the environment; Describe how river management can affect the lives of people. Describe and begin to explain physical processes (flooding) and human processes (management); Describe how river management differs between LEDCs and MEDCs. Explain your own views and begin to explain the views of others; Suggest valid conclusions and use a range of geographical vocabulary. 5 Understand that people can both improve and damage the environment; Realise that MEDCs and LEDCs have different options available to them; Begin to understand how people can change the features of places; Begin to understand how physical processes (flooding) affects landscape and lives. Explain your own views and recognise that other people may have different views; Use appropriate vocabulary. 4 Recognise how people try to improve environments; Recognise that there are different approaches to managing environments. Recognise that places are similar and different. Begin to use appropriate vocab-ulary; Respond to questions using structured tasks. 3  Environmental Change  Places, Patterns and Processes  Enquiry and Skills Level