The presentation outlines the upgrades Moventas made on the GE 1.5 Extra Life gearboxes.
Sentient Science validated the technology advances and life extension claims for the owner operator community and quantified the improvements in performance, durability and reliability.
The computational testing showed an overall life improvement by a factor of 4x. The life extension achieved was due to improvements made to the case carburized ring gear, integrated planet gear bearings, high speed stage bearings, tooth surface roughness, and material specification upgrades in both bearings and gears.
View a recording of this webinar at:
http://sentientscience.com/resource-library/videos/webinar-recordings/moventas-ge-1-5-extra-life-gearbox-achieves-4x-life/
Assessing the Impact of Surface Treatment Solutions to Extend Asset LifeSentient Science
An industry case study that details Sentient’s DigitalClone® Lifing evaluation on the impact of REWITEC®’s additive DuraGear® W100 application.
Learn How:
- To reduce your COE and take control of your wind assets pro forma
- Lubrication additives effect the life of your wind turbine drivetrain
- Surface finish extends gearbox life
- To maximize asset value with lubrication upgrades
View the Webinar at:
http://sentientscience.com/resource-library/videos/assessing-impact-surface-treatment-solutions-extend-asset-life/
Take Control of Repowering – Be the One to Choose What’s Inside of Your MachineSentient Science
If you are considering repowering your wind turbines to take advantage of the PTC extension, we can tell you the projected life of your new gearboxes at a subcomponents level.
Learn How:
- The Importance of the Bill of Materials for your Individual Assets
- How to avoid costly downtime and loss of revenue with your newly repowered machine
- How to decide what gearbox and critical subcomponents to choose to optimize each asset
- The impact each individual component has on the life and power output of your repowered asset
View Webinar at:
http://sentientscience.com/resource-library/videos/take-control-repowering-one-choose-whats-inside-machine/
Extend gearbox life with new components and methods 2015.04.21Sentient Science
Sentient Science hosted three different solution providers to discuss their approaches for life extension of wind turbine gearboxes. They will show their unique materials, torque dampener, and components and how these contribute to making wind turbine gearboxes last longer. The DigitalClone lifing model can take these benefits into account to validate the benefits.
Comparing Bearing and Gear Options: How to Buy Bearings Based on Life, Not Ju...Sentient Science
Sentient Science’s Computational Tribologist, ElonTerrell, PhD, for a discussion on comparing bearing performance and failure rates within the new DigitalClone computational testing solution. We compared the performance of 3 unidentified bearing OEMs and display the weibull comparisons. DigitalClone can be used to compare bearings, gears, gearboxes, and drive trains within a software environment to accelerate testing and get new products to market faster. We will examine the different failure modes and look at potential changes to improve component life.
Today, Wind Turbine OEMS utilize design load cases for the design and certification of wind turbines. These load cases are applied to ensure that turbines operate in a stochastic environment for at least 20 years.
However, reliability analysis should not stop at the design stage. Once a turbine is commissioned, consequent reliability analysis should also be conducted in order to understand how long a turbine will truly last at an installed location with the exposed environmental conditions.
View the Webinar Recording at:
http://sentientscience.com/resource-library/videos/webinar-recordings/wind-load-analysis-drivetrain-reliability/
Demonstration on How to Extend the Life a 1.5MW Class GearboxSentient Science
Sentient Science demonstrate it’s computational prognostics and life extension solution for the GE 1.5MW class gearbox with a discussion regarding up-tower component replacement options, impact of up-rating on gearbox life, and general failure rates off warranty.
Assessing the Impact of Surface Treatment Solutions to Extend Asset LifeSentient Science
An industry case study that details Sentient’s DigitalClone® Lifing evaluation on the impact of REWITEC®’s additive DuraGear® W100 application.
Learn How:
- To reduce your COE and take control of your wind assets pro forma
- Lubrication additives effect the life of your wind turbine drivetrain
- Surface finish extends gearbox life
- To maximize asset value with lubrication upgrades
View the Webinar at:
http://sentientscience.com/resource-library/videos/assessing-impact-surface-treatment-solutions-extend-asset-life/
Take Control of Repowering – Be the One to Choose What’s Inside of Your MachineSentient Science
If you are considering repowering your wind turbines to take advantage of the PTC extension, we can tell you the projected life of your new gearboxes at a subcomponents level.
Learn How:
- The Importance of the Bill of Materials for your Individual Assets
- How to avoid costly downtime and loss of revenue with your newly repowered machine
- How to decide what gearbox and critical subcomponents to choose to optimize each asset
- The impact each individual component has on the life and power output of your repowered asset
View Webinar at:
http://sentientscience.com/resource-library/videos/take-control-repowering-one-choose-whats-inside-machine/
Extend gearbox life with new components and methods 2015.04.21Sentient Science
Sentient Science hosted three different solution providers to discuss their approaches for life extension of wind turbine gearboxes. They will show their unique materials, torque dampener, and components and how these contribute to making wind turbine gearboxes last longer. The DigitalClone lifing model can take these benefits into account to validate the benefits.
Comparing Bearing and Gear Options: How to Buy Bearings Based on Life, Not Ju...Sentient Science
Sentient Science’s Computational Tribologist, ElonTerrell, PhD, for a discussion on comparing bearing performance and failure rates within the new DigitalClone computational testing solution. We compared the performance of 3 unidentified bearing OEMs and display the weibull comparisons. DigitalClone can be used to compare bearings, gears, gearboxes, and drive trains within a software environment to accelerate testing and get new products to market faster. We will examine the different failure modes and look at potential changes to improve component life.
Today, Wind Turbine OEMS utilize design load cases for the design and certification of wind turbines. These load cases are applied to ensure that turbines operate in a stochastic environment for at least 20 years.
However, reliability analysis should not stop at the design stage. Once a turbine is commissioned, consequent reliability analysis should also be conducted in order to understand how long a turbine will truly last at an installed location with the exposed environmental conditions.
View the Webinar Recording at:
http://sentientscience.com/resource-library/videos/webinar-recordings/wind-load-analysis-drivetrain-reliability/
Demonstration on How to Extend the Life a 1.5MW Class GearboxSentient Science
Sentient Science demonstrate it’s computational prognostics and life extension solution for the GE 1.5MW class gearbox with a discussion regarding up-tower component replacement options, impact of up-rating on gearbox life, and general failure rates off warranty.
Utilizing Predictive Modeling for Bearing Supplier Decision MakingSentient Science
Machinery OEMs often have to choose between different bearing suppliers when designing a new device. Although the same bearing model from different suppliers may have the same external form factor and load rating, there are often differences in internal geometry, material quality, and surface treatment from one supplier to another that will cause the performance and expected life to vary in the field.
These slides will outline Sentient Science’s approach towards measuring and quantifying these hidden bearing parameters. We show how we combine material, geometry, and surface treatment metrics into high-fidelity predictive models which we use to help OEMs decide which bearing supplier to choose for their application.
Comparing Replacement Components to Extend the Life of GearboxesSentient Science
Making the right decisions on the sub-component gears and bearings in your gearbox bill of materials is critical to maximize life. However, operators, OEMs, and suppliers face uncertainty of the life extension benefits of one component versus another without heavy investment into hardware testing. This presentation will outline how Virtual Supplier Qualification can help determine the best cost/benefit between suppliers for gearbox component replacements by leveraging High Performance Computing, multi-physics prognostic models, and simulations and data analytics.
Review Paper on New Automotive Camless Engineijtsrd
Internal combustion engine occupies a significant spot in present day. with the most recent plan alteration in different part being advanced to improve the efficiency and generally speaking performance, one segment has been kept untouched that is camshaft. Cam control the breathing channels of the engine that is the planning of valves through which fuel air mixture enters and fumes is driven out. with help of push rods , rocker arms, stiff springs. With increasing performance demands engine specialists and researchers over the world are perusing radical cam less structure which promises to give ICEs a greater improvement in effectiveness. The fantasy about accomplishing cam less technology is shutting reality at rapid rate. With cam less technology put into practice, the engine power can be improved, pollutant emissions could be controlled and better mileage is acquired, in addition to that the whole mechanism of pulley or belt drive is replaced by the camless engine with greater efficiency than earlier i.e intake and exhaust of the IC engine by camless actuation technology with the camless engine variable valve timing also controls the intake and exhaust gas recirculation. Its one of the major advantage is it offers continously variable and independent control of all types of motion. Priyanshu Kumar Tiwari | Pushkar Verma | Prince Tiwari | Vijay Kumar Gupta ""Review Paper on New Automotive 'Camless Engine'"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020,
URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29892.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/automotive-engineering/29892/review-paper-on-new-automotive-camless-engine/priyanshu-kumar-tiwari
Development of a_standard_for_the_use_of_composites_in_a_high_temperature_rea...Mark Mitchell
Presented to SYMPOSIUM 13: International Symposium on Advanced Ceramics and Composites for Sustainable Nuclear Energy and Fusion Energy
Several high-temperature reactors have been designed, built and operated successfully using conventional materials. This application invariably pushed the materials to the edge of their envelope. Over the last 20 years it has become clear that unlocking the use of advanced materials – such as ceramic matrix composites and carbon-carbon composites – will enable significant improvements in the performance of high-temperature reactors.
This presentation provided an overview of some of the work completed to enable the use of these materials in various reactor development programmes, and explained the current work that is being completed in the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code committees to establish codes and standards for this application.
Overview of the high-capacity, low-sag ACCC conductor used to improve the efficiency, capacity, reliability and resiliency of the electric power transmission grid
CTC Global ACCC conductor overview august 2016Dave Bryant
Presentation offering insight regarding CTC Global's high-capacity, high-efficiency ACCC conductor deployed to more than 430 projects in 40 countries to improve the efficiency, capacity and reliability of the electric power transmission grid while reducing line losses and associated CO2 and other GHG emissions
Utilizing Predictive Modeling for Bearing Supplier Decision MakingSentient Science
Machinery OEMs often have to choose between different bearing suppliers when designing a new device. Although the same bearing model from different suppliers may have the same external form factor and load rating, there are often differences in internal geometry, material quality, and surface treatment from one supplier to another that will cause the performance and expected life to vary in the field.
These slides will outline Sentient Science’s approach towards measuring and quantifying these hidden bearing parameters. We show how we combine material, geometry, and surface treatment metrics into high-fidelity predictive models which we use to help OEMs decide which bearing supplier to choose for their application.
Comparing Replacement Components to Extend the Life of GearboxesSentient Science
Making the right decisions on the sub-component gears and bearings in your gearbox bill of materials is critical to maximize life. However, operators, OEMs, and suppliers face uncertainty of the life extension benefits of one component versus another without heavy investment into hardware testing. This presentation will outline how Virtual Supplier Qualification can help determine the best cost/benefit between suppliers for gearbox component replacements by leveraging High Performance Computing, multi-physics prognostic models, and simulations and data analytics.
Review Paper on New Automotive Camless Engineijtsrd
Internal combustion engine occupies a significant spot in present day. with the most recent plan alteration in different part being advanced to improve the efficiency and generally speaking performance, one segment has been kept untouched that is camshaft. Cam control the breathing channels of the engine that is the planning of valves through which fuel air mixture enters and fumes is driven out. with help of push rods , rocker arms, stiff springs. With increasing performance demands engine specialists and researchers over the world are perusing radical cam less structure which promises to give ICEs a greater improvement in effectiveness. The fantasy about accomplishing cam less technology is shutting reality at rapid rate. With cam less technology put into practice, the engine power can be improved, pollutant emissions could be controlled and better mileage is acquired, in addition to that the whole mechanism of pulley or belt drive is replaced by the camless engine with greater efficiency than earlier i.e intake and exhaust of the IC engine by camless actuation technology with the camless engine variable valve timing also controls the intake and exhaust gas recirculation. Its one of the major advantage is it offers continously variable and independent control of all types of motion. Priyanshu Kumar Tiwari | Pushkar Verma | Prince Tiwari | Vijay Kumar Gupta ""Review Paper on New Automotive 'Camless Engine'"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020,
URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29892.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/automotive-engineering/29892/review-paper-on-new-automotive-camless-engine/priyanshu-kumar-tiwari
Development of a_standard_for_the_use_of_composites_in_a_high_temperature_rea...Mark Mitchell
Presented to SYMPOSIUM 13: International Symposium on Advanced Ceramics and Composites for Sustainable Nuclear Energy and Fusion Energy
Several high-temperature reactors have been designed, built and operated successfully using conventional materials. This application invariably pushed the materials to the edge of their envelope. Over the last 20 years it has become clear that unlocking the use of advanced materials – such as ceramic matrix composites and carbon-carbon composites – will enable significant improvements in the performance of high-temperature reactors.
This presentation provided an overview of some of the work completed to enable the use of these materials in various reactor development programmes, and explained the current work that is being completed in the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code committees to establish codes and standards for this application.
Overview of the high-capacity, low-sag ACCC conductor used to improve the efficiency, capacity, reliability and resiliency of the electric power transmission grid
CTC Global ACCC conductor overview august 2016Dave Bryant
Presentation offering insight regarding CTC Global's high-capacity, high-efficiency ACCC conductor deployed to more than 430 projects in 40 countries to improve the efficiency, capacity and reliability of the electric power transmission grid while reducing line losses and associated CO2 and other GHG emissions
Literature Review on Simulation and Analysis of Timing Chain of an Automotive...IJERA Editor
The current trend in automotive industry is to achieve compact, efficient, reliable systems. Engine timing drives
used in engines are one of the most critical systems. Timing belts are subjected to excessive elongation and
wear, while timing gears contribute excess mass and inertia in the system. Hence timing chains are preferred
widely, in various high performance engines. Chain drives are easy to assemble and adjust, highly efficient,
durable, reliable, compact and capable of attaining a wide range of power and speed capacities. In spite of these
advantages their complex dynamic behaviour is not well researched. With the improvement of the speed and
load of the automotive engine, and silent chain technology, as silent chain has a compact structure, high
transmitting efficiency, high reliability and high wear resistance, its vibration and noise is low, and the silent
chain have the advantage of life-long maintenance-free, it significant overcomes the gear drive and belt drive
performance, therefore, the silent chain is increasingly widely used in automotive engine timing system. In this
present review dynamic analysis as well as analysis of automotive engines timing silent chain system are
studied
Avoiding the costly challenges of seized coupling bolts in hydropower plants ...Deb Wong
Flange bolting issues top the list of critical-path threats
during plant maintenance outages. But the right bolting
solution can cancel those risks permanently.
Design, analysis and performance evaluation of a mechanical gyratorIjrdt Journal
The project focuses on the development of an efficient and safe system for navigation for disabled people. Such a system should enable the user to control with minimum effort and should be stable in all practical situations. A gyrator is neither a motorcycle nor a four wheeler. It is a vehicle made up of an inner frame which is encompassed and supported by two large coaxially aligned wheels. The inner frame is supported by a common axle as a result, is free to oscillate back and forth relative to outer wheels. The inherent instability has limited its potential as a commercially available vehicle. But by reducing this oscillation to an optimum value by incorporating internal braking, we could make a very stable navigation system. In order to achieve motion, a shift in the centre of gravity of the inner frame is required. Two independent electric motors provide the driving torque to gearbox which drives the large outer wheels. This unique design gives the vehicle a clear advantage over conventional 4wheeled and 2wheeled vehicles as it has zero turning radius. Key word:- Inflation Pressure, Pressure switch ,Pressure guage, Solenoid control valve, DC Compressor.
DigitalClone for Engineering Supporting Business Initiatives of Rotorcraft OE...Sentient Science
Sentient Science’s DigitalClone for Engineering Software is used by aircraft OEM, Suppliers and Operators to evaluate new and upgrade designs through materials science-based computational testing. The software is used throughout the design cycle to life critical components within the drivetrain. DigitalClone for Engineering enables certified digital models to be used by aircraft operators for asset management and supply chain planning and demand forecasting by simulating the models under multiple operational profiles.
The economics of reducing the cost of energy by 13% revenuesSentient Science
At what “speed” is your digitalization effort? There is no dispute, digitalization will play a key role in improving the sustainability of renewable energy sources through efficiency. The question remains – Where are you? While the industry has embraced the importance, water cooler conversations continue - How to monetize the true value of the data from digitalization?
The webinar outlines:
• How digitalization is applied across all corporate business units: asset management, operations management, risk management and supply chain management to reduce the cost of energy by up to 13%
• An industry operator case study on monetizing your digitalization efforts and understand the true ROI
• A digitalization value statement to enable operations management can provide a short-term watch list from 0-12 months enabling early detection prior to consequential damage beyond an operator's current capabilities – attributes to 2-3% of cost avoidance or cost savings.
Investigating Microstructural Alterations Leading to White Etch Cracks (WEC's...Sentient Science
This webinar outlines Sentient's development on their White Etching Crack capabilities to current materials-based prognostics life prediction models to better predict wind turbine gearbox life.
The formation of white etching cracks (WEC's) in bearings are known to be one of the major failure modes associated with gearbox failure. WEC's can casue premature failures in rolling element bearings occuring as early as 1-20% of the calculated L10 life.
According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's (NREL) gearbox failure database, 64% of gearboxes failed due to bearings and 25% due to gear failures. These failures are causing increased downtime and costly repairs.
The webinar outlines microstructrual alterations detected in LSIS and HSIS bearings and how microstructural alterations impact damage in gearboxes.
According to a report by Windpower Engineering & Development, the cost to repair main bearings is one of the highest compared to other turbine systems ranging from $150,000 to $300,000. As fielded turbines age, the aggregated downtime has increased to more than 20,000 hours.
The presentation features:
- New capabilities in the DigitalClone Live software that predict early wear initiation in the main bearing raceways and rollers.
- How to understand the current health of the main bearing in a particular asset to mitigate damage prior to failure.
- How to reduce the cost of repair, currently ranging from $150K - $300K for each occurrence, and reduce the amount of downtime.
View the Webinar Recording at:
http://sentientscience.com/resource-library/videos/understanding-main-bearing-failures-mitigating-a-150k-300k-om-cost-2/
This is a unique webinar designed specifically for our customers that want to know more about the validation of our model. We put together this slide deck and discussion together to solely review our validations in the wind industry.
How Material Science Helps Operators with End of Warranty InspectionsSentient Science
Learn:
How your fleet is performing and learn how to develop a component watch list over the next 6 months.
Preventative maintenance strategies to extend the life of your fleet beyond 20 years.
The amount of future repairs, components or gearbox exchanges that are needed at the end of your warranty.
An enhanced view of your end of warranty options using material science-based computational testing.
Imminent DEATH from SCADA New Product IntroductionSentient Science
An introduction of new Imminent DEATH product from SCADA.
By now, you have heard about our lifing and life extension products. Join us for a webinar to discuss how we are marrying our imminent death product that understands the last months of an asset, component life including blades, gearboxes, main bearings, pitch bearings, generators, and other rotating equipment with our current life extension products. By doing this, you can better achieve a savings of 13% revenues or, specifically for the energy industry,1 cent per kW hour.
Gerald Curtin, Vice President of Asset Answers reviews the imminent death product and outlines the benefits of integrating SCADA data with material science models.
Cutting Aerospace Validation Costs in Half Using Computational TestingSentient Science
Learn how advances in computational testing in the aerospace industry lead to reduced cost and time for validations of new designs and modifications. Dr. Raja Pulikollu expands on the American Helicopter Society (AHS) International Vertiflite article "Testing the Digital Gearbox".
Use physics-based modeling and computational testing to:
-Reduce qualification costs associated with physical testing of design prototypes
-Accelerate product development cycle by virtual evaluations of design alternatives
-Enable life predictions for key components that are based on first principles and material science
-Expand the ability to validate design effectiveness under a wider variety of environmental and loading conditions
Using the Industrial Internet to Move From Planned Maintenance to Predictive ...Sentient Science
Sentient Science provides Prognostics Health Management using the Industrial Internet and will show practical examples of driving down O&M costs by moving from Planned Preventative Maintenance (PPM) to Predictive Health Maintenance (PHM) for distributed assets. This presentation will outline how the IIC, and the practical benefits of integrating your distributed assets with prognostics, predictive models for life extension.
Modeling Tribological Contacts in Wind Turbine GearboxesSentient Science
Sentient Science outlines how we build a multi-physics solver for rolling contact and fatigue modeling that predicts where both long and short crack nucleate and initiate before system failure occurs.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
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Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
An Approach to Detecting Writing Styles Based on Clustering Techniquesambekarshweta25
An Approach to Detecting Writing Styles Based on Clustering Techniques
Authors:
-Devkinandan Jagtap
-Shweta Ambekar
-Harshit Singh
-Nakul Sharma (Assistant Professor)
Institution:
VIIT Pune, India
Abstract:
This paper proposes a system to differentiate between human-generated and AI-generated texts using stylometric analysis. The system analyzes text files and classifies writing styles by employing various clustering algorithms, such as k-means, k-means++, hierarchical, and DBSCAN. The effectiveness of these algorithms is measured using silhouette scores. The system successfully identifies distinct writing styles within documents, demonstrating its potential for plagiarism detection.
Introduction:
Stylometry, the study of linguistic and structural features in texts, is used for tasks like plagiarism detection, genre separation, and author verification. This paper leverages stylometric analysis to identify different writing styles and improve plagiarism detection methods.
Methodology:
The system includes data collection, preprocessing, feature extraction, dimensional reduction, machine learning models for clustering, and performance comparison using silhouette scores. Feature extraction focuses on lexical features, vocabulary richness, and readability scores. The study uses a small dataset of texts from various authors and employs algorithms like k-means, k-means++, hierarchical clustering, and DBSCAN for clustering.
Results:
Experiments show that the system effectively identifies writing styles, with silhouette scores indicating reasonable to strong clustering when k=2. As the number of clusters increases, the silhouette scores decrease, indicating a drop in accuracy. K-means and k-means++ perform similarly, while hierarchical clustering is less optimized.
Conclusion and Future Work:
The system works well for distinguishing writing styles with two clusters but becomes less accurate as the number of clusters increases. Future research could focus on adding more parameters and optimizing the methodology to improve accuracy with higher cluster values. This system can enhance existing plagiarism detection tools, especially in academic settings.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
3. SentientScienceCorp.-Proprietary/PrivateLevel1
Presenters:
Natalie Hils – Sentient
Manager of Revenue Marketing
nhils@sentientscience.com
+1 716.807.8655
Moventas GE 1.5 Extra Life Gearbox Achieves 4x Life
Dr. Raja V. Pulikollu – Sentient
Vice President of Implementations,
Chief Materials Scientist
rpulikollu@sentientscience.com
+1 937.241.1144
Kari Huttunen - Moventas
Director, Business Development North America
Kari.Huttunen@moventas.com
+1 503.477.3750
8. SentientScienceCorp.-Proprietary/PrivateLevel1
Moventas Extra Life Technology Upgrades:
1.1 Case carburized ring gear – Benchmark performance against industry
standard to show the difference in component durability.
1.2 Integrated planet gear bearings - Prove that the 2-row arrangement is
more robust than a 4-row arrangement, and benchmark the performance
against a industry standard.
1.3 Improved tooth surface roughness – Prove that the surface roughness
of Ra=0.3 will improve micropitting resistance compared with Ra=0.6.
1.4 Improved material specifications in geared components – Prove that
new material specification is better than old one and provide benchmark
analysis against industry standard
1.5 New material in bearings – Prove that White Etch resistant bearing is
more resistant to white etching cracks than old design and industry
standard.
IMS Pinion
Moventas GE 1.5 Extra Life Gearbox Achieves 4x Life
9. SentientScienceCorp.-Proprietary/PrivateLevel1
DigitalClone Fatigue Life Simulations
Procedure, assumptions and technical details
Moventas GE 1.5 Extra Life Gearbox Achieves 4x Life
Given:
• GE 1.5 MW Turbine
• Material samples provided by Moventas
• Technical details on Moventas PLH-1100, PLH-1100-XL
gearbox improvements
Assumptions:
• Material properties from Sentient’s Library as needed
Procedure:
• Loading analysis
• Mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication analysis
• Lifing calculations
• Post processing and interpretation of results
• Sentient conducted in-detail material
characterization analysis on Moventas provided
bearing samples to obtain the following technical
details, input to DigitalClone material and life
prediction model
– Grain size and morphology
– Case microstructure, core microstructure,
case-core transition region microstructure
– Defects, non-metallic inclusions size
distribution, if any
– Material imperfections, retained austenite,
grind burn etc.
– Residual stress analysis
– Surface roughness analysis
10. SentientScienceCorp.-Proprietary/PrivateLevel1
Moventas GE 1.5 Extra Life Gearbox Upgrades - Summary
Moventas GE 1.5 Extra Life Gearbox Achieves 4x Life
Integrated
Planet Gear
Bearing
Case
Carburized
Ring Gear
New Bearing
Materials for
High Speed Stage
Improved Tooth
Surface Roughness
In Gears
Improved
Gear Material
Specifications
=
BRG
1
BRG
2
Black oxide layer
+ White Etch Resistant
60.8 61.2 61.9 61.2 60.8
56.7
58.7
53.8
52 52.3
48.7
46.8 47
44.3
40.8 40.5
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
Rockwell:HRC
Depth: Microns
0.5Kg
GE 1.5 Extra Life Gearbox
Achieves 4x Life
11. SentientScienceCorp.-Proprietary/PrivateLevel1
Legacy Gearbox vs. Moventas PLH-1100 Critical Locations:
Moventas GE 1.5 Extra Life Gearbox Achieves 4x Life
Legacy Gearbox Moventas PLH 1100.2
Critical
Components
Normal
Roller Load
(N)
Contact
Stress (GPa)
Normal
Roller Load
(N)
Contact
Stress (GPa)
LSS_UW 30,887 1.470 37,433 1.264
LSS_DW 34,488 1.385 11,829 0.929
IMS_UW 15,969 0.965 14,451 1.074
IMS_DW 65,508 1.218 71,752 1.300
HSS_UW 29,961 1.174 33,225 1.167
HSS_DW 13,451 1.129 10,922 0.922
PGC 51,208 1.880 148,442 1.741
Highest Stress
Lowest Stress
Input Power
Output Power
Planet Gear Bearing
and Planet Gear
Low Speed Bearing
Upwind
Intermediate Speed Shaft
Bearing Upwind
High Speed Shaft
Bearing Upwind
Planetary Carrier
Bearing Upwind
Planetary Carrier
Bearing Downwind
Low Speed Bearing
Downwind
Intermediate Speed Shaft
Bearing Downwind
High Speed Shaft
Bearing Downwind
Sun
Pinion
Low Speed
Shaft Gear
Intermediate
Speed Shaft
Pinion
High Speed
Shaft Pinion
Intermediate
Speed Shaft
Wheel
• Sentient modeled the differences in GE1.5 MW Moventas PLH 1100.2 and Legacy Gearbox
gearboxes
• Overall, PLH-1100.2 bearings have relatively lower stresses than Legacy Gearbox
• Moventas PLH-1100.2 integrated planet gear bearing design results in lower stresses
13. SentientScienceCorp.-Proprietary/PrivateLevel1
MnS + Oxide
MnS + Oxide
Moventas GE 1.5 Extra Life Gearbox Achieves 4x Life
Component Hardness, HRC
Inner race 60
Outer race 61
Roller 61
Outer Race
Case Core
Case Core
• Non-metallic MnS, Oxide and TiN inclusions are observed in the inner and outer raceway as-large-as (ALA) 35 and 50 µm, respectively
• Inner raceway consists of Bainitic microstructure whereas Outer race has good martensitic microstructure
• Roller is relatively clean and have good tempered martensitic microstructure
• Black oxide thickness varies from 0.8 µm to 1.5 µm
Inner Race
Black oxide layer
Advanced Technology #1: New Bearing Materials for HSS Bearing - BO
14. SentientScienceCorp.-Proprietary/PrivateLevel1
62 62 62 62 62 62
59
56
51
47 47 47 46 47 47
60
62 62 62 62
61 61 61 61 61
40
45
50
55
60
65
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500
Rockwell:HRC
Depth: Microns
White Etch Resistant Bearing
IR
OR
RLR
OxideCase Case
Moventas GE 1.5 Extra Life Gearbox Achieves 4x Life
Inner
Race
• IR is case hardened, whereas both OR and
roller are through hardened.
• IR case hardness is 62 and core is 47 HRC.
• Average roughness of OR and roller is 62 and 61
HRC, respectively.
• Presence of globular oxides, MnS and TiN
inclusions ALA 10 µm were observed in Inner
Race
• High Cr % of 2.99% in the matrix
Advanced Technology #1: New Bearing Materials for HSS Bearing – White Etch Resistant Bearing
17. SentientScienceCorp.-Proprietary/PrivateLevel1
Component Supplier A, HRC Supplier B, HRC
Races 61 60
Roller 61 60
MnS+Oxide
Case Core
Case Core
Supplier A
Supplier B
Moventas GE 1.5 Extra Life Gearbox Achieves 4x Life
• Supplier A: Good hardness, Tempered martensitic microstructure with slight
carbide banding and non-metallic inclusions as large as 10 µm
• Supplier B: Good hardness, Bainitic microstructure, slight carbide banding, and
non-metallic inclusions as large as 30 µm
Advanced Technology #2: Integrated Planet Gear Bearings, 2-Row: Supplier A vs Supplier B
MnS+TiN+Oxide
Case Core
18. SentientScienceCorp.-Proprietary/PrivateLevel1
Advanced Technology #2: Legacy Planet Gear Bearings, 4-Row: Supplier A vs. Supplier B
Moventas GE 1.5 Extra Life Gearbox Achieves 4x Life
Supplier B
Case Core
Inclusion
• Supplier A: Good hardness, tempered martensitic microstructure, carbide
banding and non-metallic inclusions as large as 50 µm
• Supplier B: Good hardness, Bainitic microstructure and non-metallic
inclusions as large as 50 µm
Case Core
Mulit-phase inclusion
Butterfly formation
Supplier A
Component Supplier A, HRC Supplier B, HRC
Races 63 61
Roller 62 61
19. SentientScienceCorp.-Proprietary/PrivateLevel1
Moventas GE 1.5 Extra Life Gearbox Achieves 4x Life
Legacy GBX –
Supplier B
PLH-Supplier B
Legacy Gearbox –
Supplier A
PLH-Supplier A
• Sentient conducted 2000 fatigue life simulations to compare PLH1100 planet
bearing with Legacy gearbox
• DigitalClone fatigue life simulations predicted:
• Highest fatigue life of PLH 1100 -XL-A bearing due to clean material
quality and relatively lower contact stress
• Fatigue life of PLH 1100 XL- B is higher than Legacy Gearbox due to
lower contact stress and better material quality
• Legacy gearbox planet shaft bearing fatigue lives are lower as they
experience higher contact stresses and have lower material quality
• The material quality difference between Bearing A MVS and Legacy is
more significant than Bearing B, hence the huge difference in life
Advanced Technology #2: Integrated Planet Gear Bearings
PLH 1100 and Legacy Gearbox Bearing A&B Fatigue Life Simulation Results
Case Study
Max
Contact
Pressure
(MPa)
L10
rev
L50
rev
L90
rev
Life
Improvement
PLH 1100_XL – A 1741 2.67E+09 1.31E+11 1.57E+12 216x
PLH 1100_XL - B 1741 3.18E+08 5.60E+09 3.48E+10 26x
Legacy - A 1880 3.78E+07 8.36E+08 6.01E+09 4x
Legacy - B 1880 1.05E+07 1.35E+09 2.97E+10 1x
21. SentientScienceCorp.-Proprietary/PrivateLevel1
Moventas GE 1.5 Extra Life Gearbox Achieves 4x Life
Advanced Technology #3: Case Carburized Ring Gear
Legacy Gearbox Ring Gear Material Quality
59
49
38
33 31 32 35 33 35 35 34 35 33 32 34
28 31 33 30 31
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
Rockwell:HRC
Depth: Microns
Ring Gear
Max Hardness: 59 HRC
Min Hardness: 28 HRC
• Ring gear is case carburized
with max. surface hardness of
59 HRC and min. hardness of 28
HRC.
• Case depth is 100µm
• MnS, Tin and Oxide inclusions
as large as 40 µm
• Ring gear is case hardened and
contains intergranular Cracks,
Nitrided layer on surface, Fe3N
grain boundary networks in the
microstructure. These
abnormal microstructure
features lead to early crack
nucleation and premature
failures
Contact surface
Indents
MnS inclusion
Tri-phase inclusions
22. SentientScienceCorp.-Proprietary/PrivateLevel1
Moventas GE 1.5 Extra Life Gearbox Achieves 4x Life
Legacy Gearbox
Ring gear
Max Contact
Pressure
Pmax
(MPa)
L10,
cyc
L50,
cyc
L90,
cyc
PLH-1100.2 1371
20 years life ( based on clean material quality and
no serial defects)
Legacy Gearbox 1371 1.60E+07 6.80E+08 7.42E+09
• Sentient conducted a total of 1000 contact and bending
simulations to predict the effect of case carburization on
fatigue life
• PLH 1100 XL ring gear have L10 fatigue life of 20 years
based on assumption of clean material quality and no
serial defects
• Legacy Gearbox ring gear with poor material quality
predicted to have life less than 7 years of L10 fatigue life
Advanced Technology #3: Case Carburized Ring Gear
PLH 1100 XL and Legacy Gearbox– Ring Gear Fatigue Life Simulation Results &
Recommendations
24. SentientScienceCorp.-Proprietary/PrivateLevel1
Moventas GE 1.5 Extra Life Gearbox Achieves 4x Life
IMS pinion with inclusions
IMS pinion
Max Contact
Pressure
(MPa)
L10,
cyc
L50,
cyc
L90,
cyc
With no inclusions 1330 20 years life ( based on clean material quality)
With inclusions 1330 5.64E+06 9.75E+08 2.60E+10
• Sentient conducted contact fatigue life simulations to study
the impact of non-metallic inclusions on IMS pinion fatigue lfie
• PLH 1100.2 IMS pinion with no presence of detrimental
inclusions is predicted to meet design L10 life of 20 years
based on clean material quality and no serial defects
• PLH 1100.2 with detrimental inclusions (ALA 150 µ)
predicted to have L10 fatigue life of less than 5 years
• It is recommended to use IMS pinion with martensitic
microstructure with non-metallic MnS inclusions of size
ALA <30µm and lower inclusion density for superior
fatigue life
Advanced Technology #4: Improved Material Specifications PLH 1100 IMS Pinion – Effect of
Inclusions Fatigue Life Simulation Results & Recommendations
32. SentientScienceCorp.-Proprietary/PrivateLevel1
Questions:
Natalie Hils – Sentient
Manager of Revenue Marketing
nhils@sentientscience.com
+1 716.807.8655
Moventas GE 1.5 Extra Life Gearbox Achieves 4x Life
Dr. Raja V. Pulikollu – Sentient
Vice President of Implementations,
Chief Materials Scientist
rpulikollu@sentientscience.com
+1 937.241.1144
Kari Huttunen - Moventas
Director, Business Development North America
Kari.Huttunen@moventas.com
+1 503.477.3750
Editor's Notes
Recording - link
Trusted third party - help our customers extend life of their assets by understanding the material and quality of the components within a GBX)
Aerospace R&D since 2001
Been focused in wind industry the few years and we now have 20,000 assets under contract
If you had to test all Gearbox upgrades it would be very costly and time consuming
Physical testing in the field and in the lab takes a long time and is a very costly process. We are replicating the physical testing in the field with computational testing by looking at material science.
Computational testing – we simulate how the GBX impacts the life of specific assets
Material, surface finish – other modeling tools cannot look into this
Sentient implemented their material science understanding into a software
Understand the impact different GBX have on your asset life
When an operator has a failure, they can simulate different GBX options to understand the best life extension and ROI.
Make sure the asset doesn’t fail again
Turbine level – and GBX upgrades
Appropriate inventory access for gearbox replacement
Complete CMS strategy for reduced crane cost, scheduling multiple replacements, and minimized downtime
CMS = reduced crane cost, schedule multiple replacements, downtime due to sudden and unexpected failure, optimize spare part strategy
$32,000/MW per year to $40,000/MW/Year
Appropriate inventory access for gearbox replacement
Complete CMS strategy for reduced crane cost, scheduling multiple replacements, and minimized downtime
CMS = reduced crane cost, schedule multiple replacements, downtime due to sudden and unexpected failure, optimize spare part strategy
$32,000/MW per year to $40,000/MW/Year