2. What were you like as a teenager?
rebellious?
sullen?
fun to teach?
3. How are you different now?
wiser?
more independent?
more motivated?
4. Think of something you were really
motivated to do, and that you put a
lot of effort into.
What & Why?
5. What is Motivation ?
• In psychology, motivation is the driving
force (desire) behind all actions of an
organism.
• Motivation is goal-directed behaviour.
• A student’s willingness, need, desire and
compulsion to participate in, and be
successful in, the learning process.
6. What is Motivation ?
Intrinsic Motivation:
This is caused by factors within the student. For
example, a person might be motivated simply
because they enjoy the learning process, because
they are naturally competitive, or because they
desire the praise and satisfaction of doing
something well. The teacher can do a lot to
increase or reduce a student’s intrinsic motivation
7. What is Motivation ?
Extrinsic Motivation:
This is shaped by factors outside the individual.
For example the student might be motivated
by the need to get a job, pass an exam, study
overseas or to please his/her parents
9. So why are so many teenagers un-motivated ?
Lack of personal involvement
Irrelevant to life now
No understanding of how it may
impact their future
Too self-conscious
Experience of failure
10. Why is an un-motivated student a problem?
Reluctant to participate
Short attention span
Disruptive behaviour
Negative effect on peers
Reflects poorly on teacher!
11. What is a Motivated Learner ?
• Looks Interested
• Keen to participate
• Asks Questions
• Takes the initiative
• Works with pride
15. The teacher…
Explains the new language
Asks questions
Decides who answers
Sets the activity
Says what is right and wrong
The students…
Listen to the teacher
Read the book
Work alone
Answer the questions
Are corrected
Wait for the break
In a teacher-centered lesson
16. In a student-centered lesson
The teacher…
Elicits the new language
Asks questions
Prompts students
Monitors the activity
Checks what is right and wrong
The students…
Listen to each other
Read the book
Work together
Answer the questions
Correct each other
Wait for the break
17. Teacher-Dominated / Student-Centred
Some things will be different:
Some things stay the same:
e.g. syllabus, language content, coursebook,
teacher’s aims….
o what the teacher does
o what the students do
o interaction
o focus of attention
o error correction
o feedback
22. Student-centred
This means:
Students are a resource
Learning links to experience
Language is relevant
Peer work takes place
Language is used
Skills are integrated
It’s more interesting
Motivation is increased
…learning can take place
23. Adapting classroom management
Elicit from students before telling themElicit from students before telling them
Students work in pairs before and after activitiesStudents work in pairs before and after activities
Students can nominate who answers questionsStudents can nominate who answers questions
Students work in groups during activitiesStudents work in groups during activities
Students can give feedback as well as the teacherStudents can give feedback as well as the teacher
28. Student-Centred Classroom
“I know I cannot teach anyone anything.
I can only provide an environment
in which he (or she) can learn.”
Carl Rogers (1965, p. 389)
‘Client-Centred Therapy’ (Houghton Mifflin)
36. A long time ago, there was a
poor man in a small village.
He had an orange tree in his
garden. One day, he found
one of his oranges was much
bigger than the others. It was
as big as a football. The poor
man took the orange to the
king.
38. “In personalized learning, learners are given space to bring their own experiences,
attitudes, and feelings into the learning process. Learning is thus made more
meaningful and real, and learners are able to make systematic connections between
their own lives and the life of the classroom.
When learning is personalized, content is processed more deeply, and learner
independence and autonomy are fostered.”
Dr David Nunan
46. You’re stuck in a desert. Which piece of
equipment would you find most useful?
cosmetic mirror
parachute
torch
water
bottle
knife
Teaching Speaking
47. 4 6 2 3
hamburger Egypt banana students answer apple weather
6 7 4 9
Saturday regular tomorrow results pronounce started remember
6 9
Motorola possible Saudi another Tokyo customer Manchester
6 4 7 3 1
passenger Microsoft already government photograph teacher luckily
1 2
Africa unhappy football monument Toyota Lebanon bicycle
5 5 7 9 4 0
relative telephone afterwards Nokia unlucky dictionary Mercedes
7 5 8
Arabia remember computer language Egyptian opposite hospital
Travel through the maze using only those words with first syllable stress ()
FINISH
Bringing Variety to your Teaching
48. 4 6 2 3
hamburger Egypt banana students answer apple weather
6 7 4 9
Saturday regular tomorrow results pronounce started remember
6 9
Motorola possible Saudi another Tokyo customer Manchester
6 4 7 3 1
passenger Microsoft already government photograph teacher luckily
1 2
Africa unhappy football monument Toyota Lebanon bicycle
5 5 7 9 4 0
relative telephone afterwards Nokia unlucky dictionary Mercedes
7 5 8
Arabia remember computer language Egyptian opposite hospital
Travel through the maze using only those words with first syllable stress ()
FINISH
(00-853) 66 55 77 14
Bringing Variety to your Teaching
