Motion depends on the point of reference. Distance is the total path traveled, regardless of direction, while displacement considers the direction and is the net distance between the starting and ending points. Speed is the distance traveled per unit time while velocity is the rate of change of an object's displacement and includes both magnitude and direction. Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity and can be calculated using the formula a=(v-u)/t, where a is acceleration, v is final velocity, u is initial velocity, and t is time. Motion can be analyzed using graphs of displacement-time and velocity-time. The slope and area under the curves provide information about an object's speed, velocity, and acceleration over time.

2.  Motion
 Virtual Motion
 Relative motion
 Point of
reference
 Distance
 Displacement
 Speed
 Velocity
 Acceleration
 Deceleration
 Uniform motion
 Uniformly
acceleration
motion
Science Words

3. Use the ground as
reference! Did the girl

4. Use the ground as reference

5. Use the ground as reference

6.  Motion is a change of position with
respect to a point of reference.
 Point of reference is something that is
considered fixed and used as a
comparison.
 Motion very dependent on point of
reference

7. .....
 Motion dependent on point of reference
is relative motion
 Virtual motion is looks like motion but
actually it is not motion, example:
 Sun rises in the east and sets in the west
 When you are inside a moving bus and look
towards the window you will see trees
moving away from you.

8. Distance = 200 m
Displacement = 200 m to right
200
m
What is difference
between distance and
displacement?

9. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
A C
B
2 1
3
4
Distance = 13 m
Displacement = 5 m to
m
What is difference
between distance and
displacement?

10.  Distance is length of all lines passed through
by an object
scalar quantity -> have: magnitude and unit
 Diplacement is position change of an object
from the initial point
Vector quantity -> have: magnitude, unit, and
direction

11. In solving for the displacement,
get the SUM of the magnitude of
the same directions. Then,
subtract the magnitude of
opposite directions and follow the
direction of the bigger
magnitude

12. Distance = 35 m
Displacement = 15 m to
left
What its distance?
What its
displacement?
10 m
25 m
1.

13. Speed and Velocity

14. 0 4
Time (second)
the moving object is identified by its
change of position of a point of reference
If we want to know how far the
position has changed, we must
know the concept about velocity
Why the change of position of
car is longer than a bicycle?

17. WHAT DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN A
DISTANCE AND
A DISPLACEMENT ?
200 m
250 m
150 m
Distance =
Displacement =
A B
C
450 m
150 m
Speed and Velocity
If Budi go to C from
A in 5 seconds that :
Speed =
Velocity =
90 m/s
30 m/s

18. Average speed is the total traveled
distance divided by the total time needed
to travel that distance
 Average speed = total distance
total time
v = s1 + s2 + s3 ……
t1 + t2 + t3 ….

19.  Symbol: a
 Formula:
acceleration = change of
velocity
time taken
 SI Unit : m/sec2
 The same formula can also be
applied for deceleration, but the
value of a is negative

20.  Acceleration denotes the change of
velocity per unit of time. (Vector
Quantity)
acceleration decleration
 The formula :
a = vt – v0 or a =
v/t
tt – t0
With : a = acceleration (m/s2)
vt = The final velocity (m/s)
v0 = the initial velocity (m/s)
velocity acceleration velocity acceleratio
n

21.  Mathematical relations relating motion
variables are called equation of motion
 For motion with constant acceleration, the
variables are:
 Displacement : s
 Initial velocity : v
 Final velocity : u
 Constant acceleration : a
 Time taken : t

22.  A displacement-time graph shows how
the displacement of an object changes
with time.
 The gradient of a displacement-time
graph represents the velocity of the
object.

23. Displacement (m)
Time (s)
Zero gradient – stationary object

24. Displacement (m)
Time (s)
Fixed gradient-uniform velocity

25. Displacement (m)
Time (s)
Increasing gradient – increasing velocity

26. Displacement (m)
Time (s)
Decreasing gradient – decreasing velocity

27.  Graph distance on
the y-axis and
time on the x-
axis
 The velocity is 2
m/s
Slope = rise = distance = speed
run time
N
o
Distanc
e (m)
Time
(s)
1 20 10
2 40 20
3 60 30
4 80 40
5 100 50
6 120 60

28.  If something is not
moving, a
horizontal line is
drawn.
 If something starts
out slow and then
speeds up, its
change in speed

29.  A velocity-time graph shows how the
velocity of an object changes with time.
 The gradient of a velocity-time graph
represents the acceleration of the
object.
 The area under a velocity-time graph
represents the distance traveled by the
object.

30. Velocity (m/s)
Time (s)
A B
C
15
20 50 60
O
What is the acceleration of the
car during
the part of the journey
represented by:
- OA - AB - BC
What is the total distance
traveled by the
Car?
Calculate the average velocity of
the car
for its whole journey.

31. SEVERAL EXAMPLES OF VELOCITY-
TIME GRAPH
 Regular / uniform linier motion
Velocity (m/s)
0 Time (s)
Uniform velocity – zero acceleratio

32. Velocity (m/s)
Time (s)
Increasing acceleration

33. Velocity (m/s)
Time (s)
Uniform deceleration

34. Velocity (m/s)
Time (s)
Decreasing acceleration

35. Decreasing deceleration
Velocity (m/s)
Time (s)