Montage editing involves juxtaposing different shots together to create a new meaning greater than the individual parts. Alfred Hitchcock said montage allows editors to create ideas and emotions by piecing film clips together. Examples of films that used montage editing techniques include October by Sergei Eisenstein and Modern Times by Charlie Chaplin. Point-of-view editing shows what a character is looking at by cutting between a shot of their face and what their eyes are focused on, sometimes followed by their reaction. The Godfather uses the Kuleshov effect and parallel editing techniques effectively.

1. ASSOCIATIONAL
EDITING

2. MONTAGE

3. MONTAGE
Juxtaposing images by editing. Two or more
images edited together create a third thing, a
new meaning that is greater than the sum of its
individual parts.

4. "You can do anything you want with montage.
Cinema is simply pieces of film put together in a
manner that creates ideas and emotions."
Alfred Hitchcock [Interview with Charles Thomas
Samuels, 1972]

5. October, Sergei Eisenstein (1928)

6. Modern Times, Charlie Chaplin (1936)

7. The Night of the Hunter, Charles Laughton (1955)

8. October, Sergei Eisenstein (1928)

9. Walkabout, Nicholas Roeg (1971)

10. THE KULESHOV
EFFECT

12. Days of Heaven,
Terrence Malik 1978

13. Point-of-View Editing:
The joining together of
a shot of a character
with a point-of-view
shot to show, in the
first shot, a character
looking, and in the
second, what the
character is looking at.
Often the point-of-
view shot is followed
by a third shot, a
reaction shot.

14. “Point-of-view shots can, but don’t always, align
viewers with characters. They help to explain
the way characters experience the world,
validate character interpretations of events, and
provide information about motivation.”
Maria Pramaggiore and Tom Wallis, Film: A Critical Introduction,
3rd ed., Pearson (2011).

16. The Godfather, Francis Ford Coppola (1972)

19. The Kuleshov effect and parallel editing in The Godfather.

24. JUXTAPOSITION:
Parallel Editing &
Scene Transitions