The document discusses how Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) can help mitigate climate change by promoting energy efficiency, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and enhancing sustainable practices through smart grid technologies. It highlights enabling effects of ICTs in various sectors, such as e-government and smart energy systems, that can lead to significant reductions in energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Additionally, it addresses the potential for telepresence and dematerialization to further decrease resource and energy use.

1. Module 10
Section 7,8 & 9
Section 7: ICTs for mitigating climate
change
Section 8: Dematerialization
Section 9: Efficiency in electricity
generation and management, and the
use of Smart grids
Richard Labelle
rlab@sympatico.ca

2. 2
Objectives of Module 10
To show that ICTs can be used to
address climate change
To demonstrate why ICTs are a
crucial part of the solution – i.e. in
promoting efficiency, Green Growth
& sustainable development

3. Section 7 - ICTs for mitigating climate
3
change
Provide an overview of the ways
in which ICTs are used to
mitigate climate change,
particularly by enabling energy
efficiencies in other sectors (also
known as second order effects).

4. 4
Objectives of Session 5
To introduce the idea that ICTs can
enable positive environmental
change and abate GHG emissions
with a focus on two application
areas:
Dematerialization
Smart energy (smart grid) solutions
To discuss implications for Asia
Pacific

5. Enabling effects of ICTs in reducing
5
environmental impacts (1)
What are enabling effects? These are
positive steps we take to:
Reduce:
GHG emissions
Energy consumption and
Material use …
Preserve and enhance ecosystem
function
Make human environments
environmentally secure and
sustainable…

6. Enabling effects of ICTs in reducing
6
environmental impacts (2)
… as a result of enhanced
efficiencies and more sustainable
human behaviour facilitated
through the use of ICTs.

7. Discuss enabling effects of ICTs (1)
7
Compare impact of using ICTs –
before and after using computers?
Consider e-government & e-commerce

8. Discuss enabling effects of ICTs (2)
8
What are the enabling effects of e-government
or e-commerce on energy
consumption or of other ICT uses /
applications?
Do they help reduce energy consumption and
GHG emissions?
If so, list how
Use examples from your daily lives, where you
live, work, etc.
Just consider the impacts in energy terms
if we did not have PCs and networks, etc.

9. What are some of the usual enabling
9
effects of ICTs? (1)
Increased process efficiency: doings
things faster and more easily
Easier & more communication
Faster & easier computation
Access to knowledge that is fast and
complete
I can tell what info I have and have an
idea of what I do not have and whether
the info exists at all!

10. What are some of the usual enabling
10
effects? (2)
I can see the info, I can even map it
much more easily!
I can build, test and model things
faster
I can see things that are invisible to
the naked eye
Result:  Better decision making !

11. 11
Group exercise
Come up with other examples similar
to the “elevator example”.
Discuss

12. Enabling effects of ICTs: reducing GHG
12
emissions (1)
No direct effect on land use
emissions: agriculture & forestry
But help understand dynamics
(ecosystem function & steady state
dynamics – resilience, etc.)
Energy transmission& distribution:
Smart grids
Industrial processes:
Smart motor systems

13. Enabling effects of ICTs: reducing GHG
13
emissions (2)
Smart buildings
Smart logistics and transportation
systems
Virtual meetings and other forms of
dematerialization:
Travel replacement, server
virtualization, etc.

14. 14
Direct impacts of ICTs
ICTs contribute 2-3% of global GHG
emissions  will grow to ~ 6 %
> 70 % from ICT use
~ 25 % from materials & energy
costs of making ICTs

15. 15
Impacts vs enabling effects of ICTs
The Climate Group. 2008. SMART 2020: Enabling the low carbon economy in the information age. A report by The Climate Group on behalf
of the Global eSustainability Initiative (GeSI). The Climate Group, 87 pp.

16. 16
The enabling effect of ICTs
The Climate group and GeSI. 2008. Smart 2020: Enabling the low carbon economy in the information age. 87 pp.

17. Enabling effects of ICTs in the
European Union (BAU scenario)
ICTs represent about 7.8 % of all
electricity consumption in EU (2005)
17
1.9% of total CO2 emissions
To grow to 10.5 % by 2020 under
BAU (business as usual)
4.5 % of CO2 emissions

18. 18
Enabling effects of ICTs in the
European Union (Eco scenario 1)
Use ICT enabled heating ventilation and
air conditioning systems (HVAC),
ICT based lighting systems, industrial
equipment and automation and
ICT enabled energy grids

19. Enabling effects of ICTs in the
European Union (Eco scenario 2)
Net energy savings in terms of total
electricity consumption in 2020 for
the EU 27 will be 53.4 % vs. 2.8 %
in BAU
In terms of CO2 reduction: the
savings are only positive under the
Eco-scenario and amount to 4.6 % of
EU 27 CO2
19

20. ICT energy saving potential in the EU
(2020). Bio Intelligence Service report
20
Bio Intelligence Service. 2008. Final report. Impacts of information and communication technologies on energy efficiency. European
Commission DG INFSO. 432 pp. ftp://ftp.cordis.europa.eu/pub/fp7/ict/docs/sustainable-growth/ict4ee-final-report_en.pdf

21. Reduction of CO2 by use of ICTs (Japan) -
21
90% of Japan’s Kyoto obligations
Inoue, Y. 2008. Climate change and ICT standardization. President & CEO, The Telecommunication Technology Committee (TTC). PowerPoint
presentation made on the occasion of the ITU Kyoto Symposium on ICT & Climate Change, 15 - 16 April, 2008. 22 slides.

22. Breakdown of Australian energy emissions
by sector & abatement potential of ICTs
22
Climate Risk Pty. 2007. Towards a High-Bandwidth, Low-Carbon Future: Telecommunications-based Opportunities to Reduce Greenhouse
Gas Emissions. Fairlight, Australia. 109 pp. http://www.climaterisk.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2007/CR_Telstra_ClimateReport.pdf

23. 23
Group discussion
Could ICT use have a similar impact
in your countries?
Why or why not?

24. Some ICTs and their potential to mitigate
GHG emissions & increase energy efficiency
24
Greenpeace. 2010. Make IT Green Cloud Computing and its Contribution to Climate Change. Greenpeace, 12 pp.
http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/press-center/reports4/make-it-green-cloud-computing

25. 25
Dematerialization - definition
Replacing physical assets / entities /
activities with bits & bytes
Services:
Egov: virtual offices, paperless workflow,…
Ecom: digital store replace brick & mortar
(i.e. physical) store
Travel
Physical entities:
Music, video downloads
Inventories (storage facilities)
Sales staff: avatars, bots, etc.

26. 26
Section 8 - Dematerialization

27. 27
Dematerialization
Dematerialization of service delivery
Brings services closer to the people:
Less travel, less time lost, less money spent
Community access facility (CAF)
Local government office
Post office:
In Kyrgyzstan Post Offices used as CAFs &
service centres

28. 28
Telepresence
Telepresence is one form of travel
dematerialization
Virtual meetings in high definition
Requires dedicated fiber optic
connection
No lag
Depends on dedicated high speed
Internet connection linking connected
sites

29. 29
A sample telepresence session
[

30. 30
Cost / benefit of telepresence
Cisco has > 1,000 telepresence units
Saved $ 390 M in travel over 3 yr
period
Saved > 210 M tonnes CO2
Cheaper consumer units appearing

31. 31
Other technologies
Telework
Telehealth
Server virtualization
14 real machines can be replaced by 1
virtual server

32. Section 9 - Efficiency in electricity
generation and management, and the
32
use of Smart grids

33. Smart energy systems – the Internet
33
of energy!
Smart Grid: a next-generation
electrical power system that is
typified by the increased use of
ICT in the generation, delivery
and consumption of electrical
energy”.

34. 34
Existing electrical generation,
transmission & distribution system (1)
Important source of emissions
Inefficient:
Only 1/3 of energy consumed converted
into electricity

35. 35
Existing electrical generation,
transmission & distribution system(2)
3 components:
1. Energy generation
2. Energy transmission
3. Energy distribution
We are especially interested in
transmission & distribution

36. 36
Existing electrical generation,
transmission & distribution system(3)
Transmission:
Long distance transport of energy from
generation centres to more local
distribution hubs, i.e. electrical sub-stations
Distribution:
Local power lines bringing energy to
homes from electrical sub-stations

37. 37
Existing electrical generation,
transmission & distribution system(4)
Outdated
One way communication
Slow mechanical switches
No automated analysis  unable to
detect power outages
Cannot integrate renewables &
distributed E resources

38. 38
Smart grid – a modernized
transmission & distribution network-1
Smart-grid technology brings power
grids into the telecommunications
age
Use smart meters (advanced meter
infrastructure – AMI)
Connect "smart meters" in households
and businesses to central monitoring
systems capable of detecting and
redressing outages or overloads in an
instant
Demand side management (DSM).

39. 39
Smart grid – a modernized
transmission & distribution network-2
Smart-grid technology brings power
grids into the telecommunications
age
Uses sensors to link all components
for monitoring, measurement &
control
Embed smart sensors in all components
of the electrical grid for monitoring,
measuring, controlling

40. Sensor technologies for monitoring electric
40
power transmission and sub stations
Electric Power Research Institute (USA). 2009. Sensor Technologies for a Smart Transmission System. An EPRI White paper. Dec. 2009. 14
pp. http://www.smartgridnews.com/artman/publish/Technologies_Transmission_Resources/Sensor-Technologies-for-a-Smart-Transmission-
System-1730.html

41. 41
Smart grid – a modernized
transmission & distribution network-3
Connect "smart meters" in
households and businesses to central
monitoring systems to …
… detect & redress power outages
or overloads in an instant
Demand side management (DSM)

42. 42
Worldwide smart metering projects
CASCASA Project. 2010. Worldwide smart metering projects. http://www.iesd.dmu.ac.uk/~cascade/wiki/doku.php/web_res/metermap

43. 43
Smart grid – a modernized
transmission & distribution network- 4
Manage variable energy sources:
Renewable energy is not always
available
 have to manage this by shifting electricity
from where it is produced to where it is
required
Smart grid allows this to happen at speed of
light over the electrical grid!

44. 44
Smart grid – a modernized
transmission & distribution network- 4
Distributed energy resources
Local power generating
Smaller and distributed in space
Home / office renewable power sources
Energy generated by smart buildings (Green
buildings) – the zero energy building and
the positive energy building
Contribute energy into the grid
Based on Feed In Tariffs (FIT) policies to
encourage investment in renewable energy

45. 45
Smart grid – a modernized
transmission & distribution network- 5
Electric vehicles (EVs)
< 200 km on single charge
Battery powered
Require about the same amount of
energy as used to power house for 1
day
Can be used for energy storage as part
of component of smart grid

46. 46
Smart grid – a modernized
transmission & distribution network- 6
Energy storage (to manage stored E)
Required for powering electric vehicles
(small scale)
Required for storing and releasing
energy back to the grid to meet demand
Underground storage (longer term storage)
Heat stored in solar thermal (liquid Na
storage gives off heat over 24 hours – short
term storage)
Reverse pumping fill reservoirs when low
peak (at night) and turn generators during
peak demand

47. 47
Smart grid – a modernized
transmission & distribution network- 7
Supervisory control and data
acquisition (SCADA) systems over
see everything
Use sensors every where to monitor,
measure and control (AMI)
WSNs especially important but wired
SNs as well because of electrical
interference
For security as well
Everything on the grid can be given an
IP address

48. 48
Smart grid – a modernized
transmission & distribution network- 8
Makes the energy market more open
and transparent
More players can buy and sell
Small players can participate
More competition
More services: demand side
management

49. 49
Smart grid – a modernized
transmission & distribution network- 9
Demand side management (DSM)
Utilities connect home and office to
control motor systems:
Appliances with smart motors / controls
(embedded sensors with control features)
Lighting
AMI is important
Users know (smart meters) energy use &
can also control their energy use
DSM: let utility control when appliances are
used to decrease load: incentives  less
outages because better control of demand

50. Value proposal for the smart grid according
50
to ABB
Sinha, S. 2010. Smart electricity efficient power for a sustainable world. ABB Group. Slide 11, PowerPoint presentation. Jul. 13, 2020.
Presented at Arc Advisory Group. Eighth India Forum. Achieving Business Excellence through IT and Automation Solutions. July 14-17, 2010
- Hyderabad, India. http://www.arcweb.com/Events/ARC-India-Hyderabad-Forum-2010/Pages/Hyderabad-Forum-2010-Presentations.aspx

51. The smart electricity grid of the future
51
Jung, A. 2010. Smart grid 2.0. Building the Internet of Energy Supply. Spiegel Online. May 12, 2010.
http://www.spiegel.de/international/business/0,1518,694287,00.html

52. The smart grid of the future where sensors
52
have a major role to play
Greenpeace and European Renewable Energy Council. 2010. Energy [R]evolution: A Sustainable World Energy Outlook. 3rd edition 2010
world energy scenario. June 2010. 260 pp. http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/publications/reports/Energy-Revolution-A-Sustainable-
World-Energy-Outlook/

53. 53
Future smart grid
[WWF. 2011. The energy report – 100 % renewable energy by 2050. 256 pp.

54. 54
Smart grid in Asia Pacific
Still under development everywhere!
Some very ambitious plans in place
State Grid Corporation, China will
build all new grid infrastructure
$ 100 B over 5 years
Korea, Japan, India & Thailand all
developing projects, probably many
others as well

55. 55
Conclusions (1)
Important technologies
Capital intensive, but very clear
payback
Customer response is critical
Incentives essential to encourage
use of & investment in renewables:
FIT: Feed in Tariffs

56. 56
Conclusions (2)
Needs more research on standards to
link all devices, etc.
Can be scaled to meet needs and
circumstances of the developing
world & smaller countries
Another technology that developing
countries need to put on the table
during negotiations for tech. transfer
to abate climate change

57. 57
Discussion