This document discusses using information and communication technologies (ICTs) to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Egypt. It outlines opportunities for applying ICTs in the built environment in Egypt to identify their role in energy efficiency and GHG reduction, study applicable energy efficiency measures in buildings, and assess the role of ICTs for smart grids and demand-side management. Energy demand in Egypt could outstrip fossil fuel production by 2050 if no changes are made, and ICTs can have the greatest impact in areas like smart grids, smart buildings, transportation, and smart cities.

1. ICTs to Reduce Energy
Consumption & GHG
Emissions
Cairo, 2010-11-02
Richard Labelle (rlab@sympatico.ca),
Consultant, ITU
Sam Gouda, Creara International,
Consultant, ITU (sgouda@crearaintl.com)

2. •Outline role of ICTs in reducing energy
consumption & limiting GHG emissions
•Opportunities for using ICTs for this in
Egypt in the built environment:
- Identify the role of ICT in EE & GHG reduction
in Egypt (rapid assessment)
- Study applicable & viable EE measures in
buildings (analyze 2 buildings)
- Assess role of ICTs for smart grid and DSM in
Egypt
OBJECTIVES

3. •Most energy comes from fossil fuels:
coal & oil
- Pollution & GHG emissions
- Subsidized in Egypt & in many non OECD countries
- Subject to C tax? Investors are wary!
•Energy demand could outstrip fossil fuel
production
- We use ~ 3 CMO/yr in 2010  ~ 9 CMO by 2050 if
BAU
- If BAU (i.e. 2.6%/yr): E use in next 50 years = 3 x E
use in past 150 yrs
- If eco scenario (grow & green): E use in next 50 yrs =
2 x E use in all of 20th Century
Crane, H.D., E. M. Kinderman & R. Malhotra. 2010. A cubic mile of oil. Realities and
options for averting the looming global energy crisis. Oxford University Press, New York,
297 pp.
EARTH ! WE HAVE A PROBLEM

4. • Rising CO2 levels: global tipping point
- If > 2 % warming  Possible irreversible change!
- Melting of Greenland ice sheet
- Large scale weather system shifts
- Collapse of global current system
- Release of natural GHG stores (CH4, etc.)
• Only technologies with sufficient capacity for
lasting increases in E supply
- Solar (thermal) & wind
- Nuclear
- Both will take several years to ramp up to meet
present demand, let alone future demand (See Cubic
mile of oil)
EARTH ! WE HAVE A PROBLEM

5. • Can we catch up with the
increased demand?
The Challenges
Power Availability
POWER AVALABILITY

6. • How much blackouts are you
personally willing to take?
• What effect lack of electric power will
have on economic development?
• Example from experience in another
country
• History lessons learnt from Egypt
POWER AVALABILITY
The Challenges
Power Availability
Technical Idea: Sam Gouda & Nader Tadros; Artistic Idea: Golo

7. •Energy efficiency
- Needed everywhere
•Energy conservation
- For industrialized countries now
- For developing countries via tech transfer / IDA
•Pricing carbon
•Cleantech R&D
- USD 162 B in 2009 to USD 200 B in 2010
- A global Green Growth Marshall Plan
- Agreement on plan & funding at COP16, COP17, etc.
GLOBAL SOLUTIONS

8. Segar, C. 2009. International energy co-operation and global energy security. International
Energy Agency (IEA). Session on “Ensuring the sustainability of energy supply chain”,
Conference on Strengthening Energy Security in the OSCE area, Bratislava, 6 – 7 July
2009.. PowerPoint presentation. http://www.osce.org/documents/eea/2009/07/38666_en.pdf
ENERGY EFFECIENCY – WHY IMPORTANT?

9. Technical Idea: Eman Mandour & Nader Tadros; Artistic Idea: Golo
ENERGY EFFECIENCY – WHY MAKES SENSE?

10. BACKGROUND
The Challenges
GHG Emissions
1. Electricity Generation is the Largest
contributor of GHG emissions - 33%
2. Transportation is second 27.2%
3. Industry is Third 27%
Source: http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/egync2.pdf

11. • ICTs can have the greatest impact :
- Energy generation, transmission/distribution and use:
- Smart grids – integrate alternative E; Efficient
- On the use side: in controlling variable rate motors (smart
motor systems)
- Smart buildings, smart industrial processes
- Smart logistics & transportation
- Dematerialization
- Smart cities: bringing it all together in a sustainable human
ecosystem
• 40 % of energy consumption comes from buildings
(commercial & residential)
- HVAC & lighting
• 75 % of the people live in cities
ICT – GREATEST IMPACT

12. National Information Society Agency, Korea.

13. 13
Take DSM Further
THE ROLE OF ICT
Smart Grid
Applications
• Applying sensing, measurement and control devices with
two-way communications to electricity production,
transmission, distribution and consumption
• Link grid condition to system users, making it possible to
dynamically respond to changes in grid condition.
• Includes an intelligent monitoring system that keeps track
of all electricity flowing in the system
• Capability of integrating renewable electricity such as
solar and wind
Smart Grid
Applications

14. What Does a Smart Grid Do? Three Categories
Delivery Optimization
Demand Optimization
Asset Optimization
14
THE ROLE OF ICT
Improve the efficiency and reliability of the delivery
systems.
Empower the end consumer to reduce consumption
Manage the evolving demand and supply equation along
the distribution feeder
Application monitoring and diagnostic technologies to help
manage the health, extend the useful life and to reduce
the risk of catastrophic failure of electrical infrastructure.

15. …http://www1.eere.energy.gov/solar/segis.html
SMART GRID MODEL

16. - Reliability
- Security against (cyber) attacks / disasters
- Ease of repair (remote repair)
- Increased info to consumers about E use
- Increased E efficiency
- Integration of alternative energy resources
- Integration of plug-in vehicles
- Reduction of peak demand (demand side
management)
- Lower capital costs than alternative energy
- Significant ROI: according to EIA
SMART GRID BENIFITS

17. Key technologies for the
smart grid

18. From GeSi Smart 2020 report. OECD. 2009. Smart Sensor Networks: Technologies and
Applications for Green Growth. Dec. 2009. OECD, Paris, 48 pp.
SMART GRID – ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

19. From GeSi Smart 2020 report. OECD. 2009. Smart Sensor Networks: Technologies and
Applications for Green Growth. Dec. 2009. OECD, Paris, 48 pp.
SMART GRID – CO2 REDUCTION POTENTIAL

20. Buildings
Scope of energy efficiency: examples
20
• Lighting retrofit – T8, T5, Electronic Ballasts, LED
technology
• Lighting Controls – Timers and occupancy controls
• Day Lighting
• Lighting Reconfiguration
• Convert CAV Air Handling System to VAV
• Occupancy Sensor Control of HVAC
• Replacement with High Efficiency Units
• Variable Flow Pumping
• Reduce Run Time of Major HVAC equipment
• Demand Controlled Ventilation
• Enthalpy Economizer
• Chilled / Condenser Water Reset
Technical Measures
• Energy-Efficient Motors
• Motor Variable Speed Drives
• Equipment Sequencing
• Proper sizing
• Cogeneration
Behavioral Measures
Potential Solutions – Energy Efficiency

21. • BIM: for building design
- Reduce energy consumption by making best use of
environmental inputs: solar energy capture, passive
heating, micro climate, wind, micro hydro, etc.
- Efficient construction workflow
- New buildings & retrofits
- Select materials based on cost, env. impact,
insulating / radiative qualities, etc.
- The USA GSA requires BIM as a necessary step in
designing buildings with energy and
sustainability one of the key design
considerations
- Building designers and architects are supportive
SMART BUILDINGS – TRENDS

22. • Anyone there?
• Library?
• Technology?
• Fixtures?
LIGHTING – Energy Efficiency LIVE!!

23. • Lighting Retrofit – Use of
electronic Ballasts – 20% -
30%
LIGHTING – Energy Efficiency LIVE!!
• Lighting Demand based
control -10%
- Occupancy
- Daylight Dimming

24. • BMS FOR HVAC?
• Alarm?
HVAC – Energy Efficiency LIVE!!
Ventilation Demand based
control CO2 sensors
Fan coil units occupancy
control
• CONTROL
CENTRAL
CHILLER PLANT

25. • The nature of activity
that powers the
economy
• Will rural dwellers
benefit?
BARRIERS AND CHALLENGES
• Lack of awareness
• Lack of knowledge
• Lack of standards • Energy subsidies
• Cost
• May lead to increase
in GHG emissions
initially

26. Confused?
THANK YOU
Ask Questions
Please

27. Share of different sectors in total anthropogenic GHG emissions
(CO2-eq) IPCC. 2007. Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report.

28. 28
Background and problem definition
• Energy consumption increased from 35.3 Metric Ton of Oil Equivalent (mtoe) in 1995 to 69 mtoe in 2007
• In 2020 Energy consumption is projected to be 130 mtoe – Almost double AGAIN !!!!
• Electricity generation – Mostly generated from fossil fuels - High Dam less than 10%
• Blackouts in summer – remember how Blackouts affected you during the holy month of Ramadan early
this year
• GHG emissions increased from 84 tons of CO2 in 1995 to 160 tons of CO2 in 2007
• Weather data collected for the period 1961- 2000 indicate a general trend towards:
• warming of the air temperature,
• increases in the number of hazy days and misty days, turbidity of the atmosphere, frequency of
sand storms and hot days
BACKGROUND