The document summarizes key aspects of the female reproductive system. It describes the endometrium as the inner lining of the uterus, noting it contains two layers and undergoes cyclic regeneration during the menstrual cycle. It also describes the uterine tubes, also known as fallopian tubes, which connect the ovaries to the uterus and help transport eggs and sperm. Finally, it defines a total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy as the surgical removal of the uterus, cervix, ovaries, and fallopian tubes through an abdominal incision, and notes it is performed for various gynecological conditions.

1. Module 10:
Reproductive
System
Caitlin Meservey

2. Module 10 Exercise A
• Question 7:
o The inner lining of the uterus is called the Endometrium.

3. Endometrium
• Inner mucosal membrane layer of Uterus
o Contains two layers
o Undergoes cyclic regeneration (Menstrual Cycle)
• Basal Layer:
o Adjacent to Myometrium (thick muscular wall)
o Remains intact
• Functional Layer:
o Layer generates and thickens from basal layer in
response to increased estrogen levels during
menstrual cycle
o Rich blood supply due to increase in size and
number of blood vessels
• Implantation:
o Fertilized ovum implants in the endometrial layer
o Rich blood supply of the endometrium nourishes and
protects the embryo during pregnancy
• Menstruation:
o If implantation does not occur, hormone levels change and the functional layer of
endometrium is shed through the vagina (menstrual period)

4. Module 10 Exercise A
• Question 8:
o The tubes that extend from the outer edges of
the uterus and assist in transporting the ova and
sperm are called Uterine Tubes.

5. Uterine Tubes
• Also known as fallopian tubes
• Tubes connecting ovaries to the superior
portion of the Uterus (fundus)
o 10cm long, 1cm diameter
• Distal ends of uterine tubes have
projections (fimbriae)
• Fimbriae catch an ovum released from the ovary after ovulation
• Ovum is propelled toward uterus along ciliated epithelium
• Fertilization of ovum by sperm usually
occurs in the upper half of uterine tubes
• Fertilized ovum then travels through
uterine tube to uterus for implantation
in the endometrium

6. Module 10 Exercise A
• Question 10:
o One of the longest terms used in medical terminology
refers to the removal of the uterus, cervix, ovaries, and
uterine tubes. This term is Total Abdominal Hysterectomy-
Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy

7. Total Abdominal Hysterectomy (TAH) with
Bilateral Salpingo Oophorectomy (BSO)
• TAH w/ BSO is a surgical
procedure to remove the
uterus, cervix & ovaries
through a 5-7inch incision
in the lower abdomen
• Performed due to:
o Gynecologic Cancer
o Fibroids
o Endometriosis
o Uterine Prolapse
o Chronic Pelvic Plain
o Abnormal menstrual bleeding