The Laburnum housing complex in Gurgaon consists of 261 residential units across multiple building types on a 13.14 acre site. It includes high-rise apartment towers up to 18 stories, lower-rise buildings, and villas/penthouse units. Amenities include a swimming pool, gym, tennis courts, and landscaped open spaces. The development provides underground parking and backup electricity to well-designed units incorporating privacy, ventilation, and security features. It remains a popular residential community due to its convenient location near transportation and amenities.
The document discusses the different climatic zones in India. It identifies five main climate zones: hot and dry, warm and humid, moderate, cold and cloudy, and composite. For each zone, it provides details on temperature ranges, precipitation levels, locations that fall under that zone, and other climatic characteristics. The zones are determined based on factors like latitude, elevation, proximity to oceans, and monsoon patterns. The document also discusses how climatic considerations should inform building design strategies in Lucknow, which falls under the composite zone. It outlines passive design techniques for ventilation, shading, orientation, and more.
This document discusses earth architecture and its importance in contemporary construction. It begins by defining earth architecture as buildings made largely of soil. The document then outlines various traditional earth construction techniques such as dug outs, cut blocks, and rammed earth. It also discusses innovations like hourdi blocks, pottery insulation, and pivoted windows. The document analyzes the appropriateness of earth as a building material today, noting advantages like low cost, availability, and environmental benefits. Examples of contemporary earth architecture like a handmade school and the Chapel of Reconciliation are provided. The overall aim is to emphasize earth's continuing role in sustainable construction.
Completed in 1978 the Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts was the first cultural building designed by married couple Norman and Wendy Foster at their studio, which at the time was called Foster Associates and is now Foster + Partners.
Built to house the art collection of Robert and Lisa Sainsbury at the University of East Anglia in Norfolk, UK, the building is a 135-metre-long, simple lattice steel structure that is glazed at both ends.
a space frame or space structure is a rigid, lightweight, truss-like structure constructed from interlocking struts in a geometric pattern. Space frames can be used to span large areas with few interior support
The document provides information on the tallest 20 buildings in the world that are completed or under construction, including their heights, locations, uses, and notable features. The tallest is Burj Khalifa in Dubai at 829.8 meters, followed by Shanghai Tower in China at 632 meters. Many of the top buildings are located in Asia, particularly China, and were designed by firms such as Kohn Pedersen Fox.
The Laburnum housing complex in Gurgaon consists of 261 residential units across multiple building types on a 13.14 acre site. It includes high-rise apartment towers up to 18 stories, lower-rise buildings, and villas/penthouse units. Amenities include a swimming pool, gym, tennis courts, and landscaped open spaces. The development provides underground parking and backup electricity to well-designed units incorporating privacy, ventilation, and security features. It remains a popular residential community due to its convenient location near transportation and amenities.
The document discusses the different climatic zones in India. It identifies five main climate zones: hot and dry, warm and humid, moderate, cold and cloudy, and composite. For each zone, it provides details on temperature ranges, precipitation levels, locations that fall under that zone, and other climatic characteristics. The zones are determined based on factors like latitude, elevation, proximity to oceans, and monsoon patterns. The document also discusses how climatic considerations should inform building design strategies in Lucknow, which falls under the composite zone. It outlines passive design techniques for ventilation, shading, orientation, and more.
This document discusses earth architecture and its importance in contemporary construction. It begins by defining earth architecture as buildings made largely of soil. The document then outlines various traditional earth construction techniques such as dug outs, cut blocks, and rammed earth. It also discusses innovations like hourdi blocks, pottery insulation, and pivoted windows. The document analyzes the appropriateness of earth as a building material today, noting advantages like low cost, availability, and environmental benefits. Examples of contemporary earth architecture like a handmade school and the Chapel of Reconciliation are provided. The overall aim is to emphasize earth's continuing role in sustainable construction.
Completed in 1978 the Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts was the first cultural building designed by married couple Norman and Wendy Foster at their studio, which at the time was called Foster Associates and is now Foster + Partners.
Built to house the art collection of Robert and Lisa Sainsbury at the University of East Anglia in Norfolk, UK, the building is a 135-metre-long, simple lattice steel structure that is glazed at both ends.
a space frame or space structure is a rigid, lightweight, truss-like structure constructed from interlocking struts in a geometric pattern. Space frames can be used to span large areas with few interior support
The document provides information on the tallest 20 buildings in the world that are completed or under construction, including their heights, locations, uses, and notable features. The tallest is Burj Khalifa in Dubai at 829.8 meters, followed by Shanghai Tower in China at 632 meters. Many of the top buildings are located in Asia, particularly China, and were designed by firms such as Kohn Pedersen Fox.
The UN Headquarters in New York City was designed in the 1940s by a board of 11 architects from different countries led by Oscar Niemeyer and Le Corbusier. They developed 50 schemes collaboratively and the final design incorporated elements of Niemeyer's Project 32 and Le Corbusier's Project 23. The complex features a distinctive General Assembly building based on Le Corbusier's design, meeting rooms in a long horizontal block, and a tall Secretariat tower. The modern International Style was chosen to symbolize a new era of global cooperation.
The document discusses various aspects of building facades and envelopes. It defines facades and envelopes, explaining that facades are the exterior walls of a building and envelopes refer to the exterior parts that separate the indoor and outdoor environment. It describes the key functions of envelopes in providing weather barriers and light transmittance. Various materials that can be used for facades and envelopes like concrete, glass, metal and polymers are discussed. Different types of facade systems like curtain walls, double skin facades and cladding are also summarized. The document provides a comparative analysis of conventional and new facade materials.
Pneumatic structures are membrane structures stabilized by compressed air pressure. They are round in shape to create the greatest volume with the least material. The pressure needs to be uniformly distributed for stability. Common types are air supported structures, which use air pressure above atmospheric to support the envelope, and air inflated structures, which have supporting frames inflated with high pressure air while the interior remains at atmospheric pressure. Pneumatic structures offer advantages like light weight, rapid erection, and ability to span large distances, but require continuous air pressurization and have a relatively short lifespan. Common materials for the envelope include fiberglass, polyester, ETFE, and nylon.
This document provides information about timber as a vernacular construction material. It discusses the properties, advantages, and disadvantages of timber. It describes various uses of timber in construction including roofing, floors, framing, staircases, walls, doors, and windows. The document also examines the kath-khuni architecture of the Himalayan vernacular, including its materials, construction techniques, and aesthetic elements like carving. Examples of some of the oldest wooden buildings and structures from around the world are also mentioned.
What is dome It's history and it's part. Defination
ELEMENT
DOME TYPES
DOME CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES
GEODESIC DOME USES
DOME ADVANTAGE DIS ADVANTAGE AND USE
AND BUILDING EXAMPLE IN WHICH DOME USED
Bangalore lies in southeastern Karnataka, India. The Indian Institute of Management Bangalore (IIMB) campus was designed by architect B.V. Doshi on 102 acres of undulating land. Doshi designed the campus based on the Mughal city of Fatehpur Sikri, with a network of courtyards, corridors, and external spaces linked together. The site was divided into northern and southern zones, with the southern zone containing the academic buildings wrapped in greenery to reduce noise and provide privacy. Doshi's design integrated climatic factors, vegetation, and indoor-outdoor spaces to create a campus that blended modern functionality with traditional Indian architectural influences.
Bangalore international exhibition centre case studyself employer
The Bangalore International Exhibition Centre (BIEC) was developed by the Indian Machine Tool Manufacturers' Association and dedicated to Naoroji Pirojsha Godrej. The complex is named the IMTMA-Naoroji Pirojsha Godrej International Exhibition & Conference Centre. The BIEC includes an entrance plaza, 5,600 square meter conference centre, and three large exhibition halls ranging from 6,600 to 9,800 square meters. It also features a food court and technology centre.
Tata Inora Park Pune
Tata housing has launched new project Inora Park in Pune. Unlike most projects in Pune, the apartments in Inora Park come in comfort sizes. Inora Park dsigned by award winning world renowned Architect, having apartment configurations with 2 BHK of 976 sq ft, 3BHK (Compact) of 1134 sq ft and 3 BHK (Large) of 1322 sq ft area, Building orientation is done is such a way to provide pleasant hill views to most of the apartments.
Tata Inora Park Location: Tata Housing Inora Park is located at NIBM Anex, Undri, Pune. 10 kms drive from Pune Railway station, 15 kms from Airport. Tata Inora Park Location Amenities: Swimming pool, Modern gymnasium, Clubhouse with indoor and outdoor games facility, Multi-tier security system, 70 percent open landscape gardens.
PREFABRICATED CONSTRUCTION CASE STUDY: THE HEMISPHEREShivangi Saini
The document summarizes details about The Hemisphere housing project in Greater Noida, India. It describes the project as luxury villas equipped with modern amenities located on a 9-hole golf course. The apartments feature 3 units per floor with golf course views from all units. The structures use a precast construction method with prefabricated wall panels, columns, beams, and staircases that are assembled on site. Connection details are provided for walls, beams, slabs, and columns.
Earthquake-resistant structures are structures designed to protect buildings to some or greater extent from earthquakes. While no structure can be entirely immune to damage from earthquakes, the goal of earthquake-resistant construction is to erect structures that fare better during seismic activity than their conventional counterparts. According to building codes, earthquake-resistant structures are intended to withstand the largest earthquake of a certain probability that is likely to occur at their location. This means the loss of life should be minimized by preventing the collapse of the buildings for rare earthquakes while the loss of the functionality should be limited for more frequent ones
The Capital is an 18-floor residential building located in Bandra Kurla Complex in Mumbai, India. It was constructed between 2009 and 2012 by developer Wadhwa Group to ARCHITECT James Law's designs. Some key details include a 350 KLD sewage treatment plant, 2-level parking with a smart parking system for 1000 cars, 18 elevators, and various fire safety features like sprinklers, detectors, and extinguishers.
The ppt consists of types of climatic regions in india, 5 typesof climatic zones in india, their description , cold and cloudy zone, shimla, himachal pradesh, types of design features according to climatic zones, active and passive cooling and heating techniques in cold and cloudy region.
PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY BUILDING , CHANDIGARHSiddiq Salim
The Punjab Energy Development Agency (PEDA) office building in Chandigarh, India utilizes passive solar design principles to provide lighting, cooling, and heating with minimal energy usage. Constructed in 2004, the building's design incorporates elements like solar shells, a hyperbolic paraboloid roof, and photovoltaic panels to maximize natural light and thermal regulation. As a result, the building achieves the highest rating of energy efficiency and has the lowest energy performance index in India for a non-air-conditioned building.
The Tempodrom in Berlin, Germany is an architectural landmark known for its unique folded plate roof structure. Originally constructed in 1980 as a circus tent, it was rebuilt in 2001 with a permanent stainless steel frame and concrete structure. The multi-purpose performance venue has three spaces, including a large arena under a striking 37 meter high glazed roof. Designed by Gerkan, Marg and Partners, the building achieves sustainability through efficient insulation and daylighting. Its distinctive folded plate roof design traces back to when it was first founded by Irene Moessinger in 1980 as a circus tent on Potsdamer Platz in Berlin.
The document discusses several topics related to foundations and concrete mixes:
1. It defines what a foundation is and its purpose of transmitting load from the superstructure to the soil.
2. It explains concrete grade M25, which refers to a concrete mix with a compressive strength of 25 N/mm2.
3. It provides specifications for rubble soling work, including preparation of surface, storage of aggregates, and compaction.
Charles Correa is an Indian architect known for adapting modernism to non-Western cultures through an emphasis on local vernacular styles, resources, climate and open spaces like courtyards. Some of his notable works discussed include the Gandhi Smarak Sangrahalaya memorial in Ahmedabad using modular units, the high-rise Kanchanjunga Apartments in Mumbai with garden terraces, and low-cost housing projects in India and Peru organized around courtyards for ventilation.
Switzerland is a landlocked country located in Western and Central Europe. It has a diverse landscape that includes the Swiss Plateau, the Alps, and the Jura Mountains. The architecture of Switzerland has been influenced by its central location and the different linguistic regions. Traditional Swiss architecture includes stone farmhouses and the iconic Swiss chalet style characterized by steeply pitched roofs and decorative woodwork. Vernacular architecture varies regionally based on available materials and climate but often features combined living and agricultural spaces under one roof.
This document discusses different types of walls used in construction, focusing on masonry cavity walls and timber frame construction. It outlines some problems with masonry walls like being slow to build, prone to wetness and coldness. Timber frame construction is presented as an alternative, with details provided on the basics of a single-story timber frame using platforms, studs, and sheeting. The document also addresses perceived problems with timber frames and how they can be addressed through proper construction methods.
This document discusses several cost effective construction materials that can be used for housing. It describes stabilized mud blocks, funicular shell roofing, ferrocement, fly ash blocks, and precast doors and windows frames as alternatives to traditional materials that save money. Mud blocks are produced using a manual or mechanical press and can be stabilized with cement or lime. Funicular shell roofs are lightweight, easy to manufacture, and cost effective. Ferrocement panels use mesh and cement mortar to construct walls, roofs, and doors, providing a low-cost solution. Adopting these cost effective materials and techniques can help address the growing need for affordable housing.
This document provides information about epoxy flooring. It begins by defining epoxy as a durable material made from mixing chemical compounds. Epoxy flooring involves applying an epoxy coating to concrete floors to provide a smooth, protective surface. The coating consists of resins and hardeners with additives to control properties like abrasion resistance and curing time. Epoxy floors are commonly used in industrial and commercial settings due to their durability and ability to withstand impacts, chemicals, and heavy loads. Different types of epoxy floors and their applications are described, along with the installation process and advantages like easy cleaning and slip resistance. Potential disadvantages like toxic fumes during curing and high installation costs are
The UN Headquarters in New York City was designed in the 1940s by a board of 11 architects from different countries led by Oscar Niemeyer and Le Corbusier. They developed 50 schemes collaboratively and the final design incorporated elements of Niemeyer's Project 32 and Le Corbusier's Project 23. The complex features a distinctive General Assembly building based on Le Corbusier's design, meeting rooms in a long horizontal block, and a tall Secretariat tower. The modern International Style was chosen to symbolize a new era of global cooperation.
The document discusses various aspects of building facades and envelopes. It defines facades and envelopes, explaining that facades are the exterior walls of a building and envelopes refer to the exterior parts that separate the indoor and outdoor environment. It describes the key functions of envelopes in providing weather barriers and light transmittance. Various materials that can be used for facades and envelopes like concrete, glass, metal and polymers are discussed. Different types of facade systems like curtain walls, double skin facades and cladding are also summarized. The document provides a comparative analysis of conventional and new facade materials.
Pneumatic structures are membrane structures stabilized by compressed air pressure. They are round in shape to create the greatest volume with the least material. The pressure needs to be uniformly distributed for stability. Common types are air supported structures, which use air pressure above atmospheric to support the envelope, and air inflated structures, which have supporting frames inflated with high pressure air while the interior remains at atmospheric pressure. Pneumatic structures offer advantages like light weight, rapid erection, and ability to span large distances, but require continuous air pressurization and have a relatively short lifespan. Common materials for the envelope include fiberglass, polyester, ETFE, and nylon.
This document provides information about timber as a vernacular construction material. It discusses the properties, advantages, and disadvantages of timber. It describes various uses of timber in construction including roofing, floors, framing, staircases, walls, doors, and windows. The document also examines the kath-khuni architecture of the Himalayan vernacular, including its materials, construction techniques, and aesthetic elements like carving. Examples of some of the oldest wooden buildings and structures from around the world are also mentioned.
What is dome It's history and it's part. Defination
ELEMENT
DOME TYPES
DOME CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES
GEODESIC DOME USES
DOME ADVANTAGE DIS ADVANTAGE AND USE
AND BUILDING EXAMPLE IN WHICH DOME USED
Bangalore lies in southeastern Karnataka, India. The Indian Institute of Management Bangalore (IIMB) campus was designed by architect B.V. Doshi on 102 acres of undulating land. Doshi designed the campus based on the Mughal city of Fatehpur Sikri, with a network of courtyards, corridors, and external spaces linked together. The site was divided into northern and southern zones, with the southern zone containing the academic buildings wrapped in greenery to reduce noise and provide privacy. Doshi's design integrated climatic factors, vegetation, and indoor-outdoor spaces to create a campus that blended modern functionality with traditional Indian architectural influences.
Bangalore international exhibition centre case studyself employer
The Bangalore International Exhibition Centre (BIEC) was developed by the Indian Machine Tool Manufacturers' Association and dedicated to Naoroji Pirojsha Godrej. The complex is named the IMTMA-Naoroji Pirojsha Godrej International Exhibition & Conference Centre. The BIEC includes an entrance plaza, 5,600 square meter conference centre, and three large exhibition halls ranging from 6,600 to 9,800 square meters. It also features a food court and technology centre.
Tata Inora Park Pune
Tata housing has launched new project Inora Park in Pune. Unlike most projects in Pune, the apartments in Inora Park come in comfort sizes. Inora Park dsigned by award winning world renowned Architect, having apartment configurations with 2 BHK of 976 sq ft, 3BHK (Compact) of 1134 sq ft and 3 BHK (Large) of 1322 sq ft area, Building orientation is done is such a way to provide pleasant hill views to most of the apartments.
Tata Inora Park Location: Tata Housing Inora Park is located at NIBM Anex, Undri, Pune. 10 kms drive from Pune Railway station, 15 kms from Airport. Tata Inora Park Location Amenities: Swimming pool, Modern gymnasium, Clubhouse with indoor and outdoor games facility, Multi-tier security system, 70 percent open landscape gardens.
PREFABRICATED CONSTRUCTION CASE STUDY: THE HEMISPHEREShivangi Saini
The document summarizes details about The Hemisphere housing project in Greater Noida, India. It describes the project as luxury villas equipped with modern amenities located on a 9-hole golf course. The apartments feature 3 units per floor with golf course views from all units. The structures use a precast construction method with prefabricated wall panels, columns, beams, and staircases that are assembled on site. Connection details are provided for walls, beams, slabs, and columns.
Earthquake-resistant structures are structures designed to protect buildings to some or greater extent from earthquakes. While no structure can be entirely immune to damage from earthquakes, the goal of earthquake-resistant construction is to erect structures that fare better during seismic activity than their conventional counterparts. According to building codes, earthquake-resistant structures are intended to withstand the largest earthquake of a certain probability that is likely to occur at their location. This means the loss of life should be minimized by preventing the collapse of the buildings for rare earthquakes while the loss of the functionality should be limited for more frequent ones
The Capital is an 18-floor residential building located in Bandra Kurla Complex in Mumbai, India. It was constructed between 2009 and 2012 by developer Wadhwa Group to ARCHITECT James Law's designs. Some key details include a 350 KLD sewage treatment plant, 2-level parking with a smart parking system for 1000 cars, 18 elevators, and various fire safety features like sprinklers, detectors, and extinguishers.
The ppt consists of types of climatic regions in india, 5 typesof climatic zones in india, their description , cold and cloudy zone, shimla, himachal pradesh, types of design features according to climatic zones, active and passive cooling and heating techniques in cold and cloudy region.
PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY BUILDING , CHANDIGARHSiddiq Salim
The Punjab Energy Development Agency (PEDA) office building in Chandigarh, India utilizes passive solar design principles to provide lighting, cooling, and heating with minimal energy usage. Constructed in 2004, the building's design incorporates elements like solar shells, a hyperbolic paraboloid roof, and photovoltaic panels to maximize natural light and thermal regulation. As a result, the building achieves the highest rating of energy efficiency and has the lowest energy performance index in India for a non-air-conditioned building.
The Tempodrom in Berlin, Germany is an architectural landmark known for its unique folded plate roof structure. Originally constructed in 1980 as a circus tent, it was rebuilt in 2001 with a permanent stainless steel frame and concrete structure. The multi-purpose performance venue has three spaces, including a large arena under a striking 37 meter high glazed roof. Designed by Gerkan, Marg and Partners, the building achieves sustainability through efficient insulation and daylighting. Its distinctive folded plate roof design traces back to when it was first founded by Irene Moessinger in 1980 as a circus tent on Potsdamer Platz in Berlin.
The document discusses several topics related to foundations and concrete mixes:
1. It defines what a foundation is and its purpose of transmitting load from the superstructure to the soil.
2. It explains concrete grade M25, which refers to a concrete mix with a compressive strength of 25 N/mm2.
3. It provides specifications for rubble soling work, including preparation of surface, storage of aggregates, and compaction.
Charles Correa is an Indian architect known for adapting modernism to non-Western cultures through an emphasis on local vernacular styles, resources, climate and open spaces like courtyards. Some of his notable works discussed include the Gandhi Smarak Sangrahalaya memorial in Ahmedabad using modular units, the high-rise Kanchanjunga Apartments in Mumbai with garden terraces, and low-cost housing projects in India and Peru organized around courtyards for ventilation.
Switzerland is a landlocked country located in Western and Central Europe. It has a diverse landscape that includes the Swiss Plateau, the Alps, and the Jura Mountains. The architecture of Switzerland has been influenced by its central location and the different linguistic regions. Traditional Swiss architecture includes stone farmhouses and the iconic Swiss chalet style characterized by steeply pitched roofs and decorative woodwork. Vernacular architecture varies regionally based on available materials and climate but often features combined living and agricultural spaces under one roof.
This document discusses different types of walls used in construction, focusing on masonry cavity walls and timber frame construction. It outlines some problems with masonry walls like being slow to build, prone to wetness and coldness. Timber frame construction is presented as an alternative, with details provided on the basics of a single-story timber frame using platforms, studs, and sheeting. The document also addresses perceived problems with timber frames and how they can be addressed through proper construction methods.
This document discusses several cost effective construction materials that can be used for housing. It describes stabilized mud blocks, funicular shell roofing, ferrocement, fly ash blocks, and precast doors and windows frames as alternatives to traditional materials that save money. Mud blocks are produced using a manual or mechanical press and can be stabilized with cement or lime. Funicular shell roofs are lightweight, easy to manufacture, and cost effective. Ferrocement panels use mesh and cement mortar to construct walls, roofs, and doors, providing a low-cost solution. Adopting these cost effective materials and techniques can help address the growing need for affordable housing.
This document provides information about epoxy flooring. It begins by defining epoxy as a durable material made from mixing chemical compounds. Epoxy flooring involves applying an epoxy coating to concrete floors to provide a smooth, protective surface. The coating consists of resins and hardeners with additives to control properties like abrasion resistance and curing time. Epoxy floors are commonly used in industrial and commercial settings due to their durability and ability to withstand impacts, chemicals, and heavy loads. Different types of epoxy floors and their applications are described, along with the installation process and advantages like easy cleaning and slip resistance. Potential disadvantages like toxic fumes during curing and high installation costs are
Low impact material technical data sheet clay panelslibnam
Clay panels, also known as clay boards, are an alternative building material to gypsum plasterboard. They are composed of unfired clay or loam mixed with plant fibers and faced with hessian or fiberglass mesh. Clay boards have excellent thermal insulation and vapor diffusion properties. They are manufactured off-site through a process of mixing wet clay and plant materials and forming them into panels. Clay boards provide benefits over gypsum plasterboard such as buffering humidity, adding thermal mass, and sound insulation. Being made primarily of clay and plant materials, clay boards are recyclable and cause less environmental damage if disposed of than gypsum plasterboard.
This document provides information on cellular lightweight concrete (CLC) made with fly ash. Some key points:
- CLC is a type of lightweight concrete produced using fly ash, cement, sand, water and a foaming agent. It has a homogeneous cell structure that reduces its density.
- Fly ash from thermal power plants constitutes over 25% of CLC's solid materials. CLC can have densities ranging from 400-1800 kg/m3 while achieving strengths up to 275 kg/cm2.
- The manufacturing process involves making a slurry then introducing foam to create air pockets, reducing weight. CLC offers benefits over normal concrete like using an industrial waste, lower costs, better insulation and strength.
This document discusses various methods of damp proofing buildings to prevent damage from moisture. It describes different materials that can be used for damp proof courses (DPC) like bitumen felts, mastic, and concrete. Methods are grouped into treatments for foundations, basements, floors, walls, roofs, and pitched roofs. Key steps include installing DPCs, drainage, waterproof plasters and membranes, and properly sloping surfaces to prevent water accumulation. Maintaining continuity of DPCs and properly detailing features like parapets is also important for effective damp proofing.
This document discusses rammed earth as a building material. Rammed earth is created by compacting wet soil in formworks to create strong, sedimentary walls. It has been used in construction for thousands of years around the world. The objectives of using rammed earth are that it is inexpensive, can be constructed without skilled labor, uses locally available materials, is ecofriendly and sustainable. The process involves excavating soil, preparing mixtures, compacting layers in formworks to build up walls. Rammed earth walls have good thermal and soundproofing properties and are virtually fireproof. However, insulation may be needed in colder climates and protection from heavy rain is required.
Screeds provide a vital layer in a floor that bonds the finish people see and walk across to the concrete substrate of the building’s construction.
If properly applied and maintained then most screeds need never be seen until the building comes to the end of its life and is dismantled. However failures in the planning, application, curing or drying processes can lead to later, potentially very costly, problems.
Read Flowcrete's whitepaper for an overview of the reasons for screed failure in both commercial and industrial environments, as well as an insight into screed failure avoidance and repair.
Screedcrete from RMC Readymix is a concrete that can be laid on cast in situ or precast concrete floors to serve as a protective layer and base for flooring. It can be reinforced with fine metal mesh or polypropylene fibers depending on site conditions and loads. Screedcrete is designed to flow without vibration and retain homogeneity without segregation using aggregates up to 10mm. Minimum thicknesses are 40mm for direct bonding, 50mm for unbonded laying on damp proof membrane, and 65mm for floating over insulation. Custom mixes can be designed to provide desired workability and compressive strengths.
This document discusses translucent concrete, also known as light transmitting concrete. It begins with an introduction and overview of the material. It then discusses the history, materials used, working principle, manufacturing process, and applications. Translucent concrete is made from a fine concrete with optical fibers distributed throughout. This allows light to be transmitted along the fibers. It has a variety of applications in construction for floors, walls, and other structures where light transmission is desirable. The document concludes with a discussion of advantages and disadvantages as well as examples of real-world applications of translucent concrete.
IRJET- Process and Method of Manufacturing and Review on Foam – ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on foam concrete. It discusses the manufacturing process and properties of foam concrete. Foam concrete is lighter than normal concrete, with densities ranging from 300-1200 kg/m3. It has good thermal insulation and soundproofing properties. The manufacturing process involves mixing stable foam produced by a foaming generator with cement, sand, and water. There are three main production methods: pre-foaming, inline wet mixing, and inclined dry mixing. The pre-foaming method mixes pre-foamed foam into a cement slurry in a truck. The inline wet mixing method continuously mixes wet materials and foam through inline blenders to ensure uniform mixing.
Fly ash bricks are manufactured using fly ash, lime, quarry dust, and gypsum. These materials are mixed together and formed into bricks using hydraulic brick making machines. The bricks are then dried and cured for 14 days before testing and sorting. Fly ash bricks have several advantages over traditional clay bricks such as uniform appearance, higher strength, lighter weight, lower water absorption, and better thermal and acoustic insulation. They also help reduce environmental pollution by using an industrial waste product.
Dampness occurs in buildings mainly due to condensation or water penetration from outside. It can cause damage to structures and health issues for occupants. Damp proof courses made of materials like concrete, bitumen, or plastic sheeting are used to prevent rising damp from the ground. The appropriate material depends on factors like climate, structure, and location. Common installation methods include using a cement concrete damp proof course at the plinth level and flexible materials like felt for floors or roofs. Proper installation techniques help ensure a continuous barrier against moisture.
Cellular Lightweight Concrete is also known as CLC. In other words, CLC is also known as foamed concrete. The CLC is widely used for construction purposes as it has various advantages and usage than the traditional concrete bricks.
The foamed concrete is manufactured from mixing of Portland cement, sand, fly ash, water and performed foam in varied proportions. This CLC (Cellular Lightweight Concrete) can be produced at building sites with the use of machines and molds used for normal concrete.
One of an important characteristic of foamed concrete is it has self-compacting property as there is no compaction is required. And also, it easily flows out from the pump to fill the mold. With this property is can be pumped to maximum distance and height.
For continuous cellular lightweight concrete is manufactured by mixing light mortar and preformed foam under pressure in a special static mixer.
Advanced construction equipments and techniquesselva ganesh
This document discusses advanced construction techniques and modern materials. It describes underwater construction methods like caissons and cofferdams. Trenchless technology techniques for installing pipes are also covered, including pipe jacking, auger boring, and microtunneling. Modern materials presented include fly ash bricks, translucent concrete, liquid granite, carbon nanotubes, and solar panel roofing tiles. The document concludes that these advanced techniques and innovative materials can improve properties, recycling, and make construction more efficient.
Set up and commissioned in 2009, Exeed Premium Dry Mortar manufactures and delivers construction chemicals and mortars of International standards to the GCC market. Our state of the art production facility is located in the Industrial City of Abu Dhabi (ICAD2), covering a total area of 28,000 sq.m.
This document discusses various causes and effects of dampness in buildings and methods of damp proofing. It covers:
1. The main causes of dampness are moisture rising up from the ground, rain penetrating wall tops and external walls, and condensation.
2. Effects of dampness include unhealthy conditions, damage to structures and decorations, and deterioration of electrical fittings.
3. Methods of damp proofing include using a damp proof course (DPC), integral damp proofing of concrete, surface treatments, cavity wall construction, guniting, and pressure grouting.
4. Suitable materials for DPC include bitumen, mastic asphalt, metal sheets, cement concrete, and
Cement based building_materials_icr_aug2020Dr J.D. Bapat
Cite this paper: J D Bapat, Kalpana Karthikeyan, "Cement Based Building Materials", Indian Cement Review, August 2020, pp 48-51
The work on the following cement-based building materials has been covered: dry mix mortar plaster (DMM), cement-based fly ash bricks, AAC blocks and micro-concrete for concrete repair work.
The document discusses roofing materials and asbestos cement sheets. It provides information on different types of roofing materials such as thatch, shingles, asbestos, metal sheets, and concrete. It then focuses on asbestos cement sheets, describing the manufacturing process using wet and dry methods. The characteristics of asbestos cement sheets are discussed, noting they are durable, weatherproof, fireproof and waterproof. The advantages and disadvantages of asbestos cement sheets are also summarized.
LiveIn Quarters Corporation presents a steel modular construction method for affordable housing. The method uses prefabricated steel components that are assembled on-site by mobile machines, reducing costs by 15% compared to traditional construction. It is also faster, using about half the time. The lightweight construction is independent of heavy infrastructure needs and suitable for developing countries. Key advantages include less transportation, foundations, and waste. It also provides earthquake resistance, accuracy, and long lifespan. The method creates local jobs and is environmentally friendly.
Gypsum is a soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate that is widely used in construction. It is used to make plaster, drywall, and other building materials. Gypsum board has good fire resistance and sound insulation properties when used in building construction. However, gypsum is less strong and durable than other materials like brick and can absorb dust or flake on surfaces over time.
Fabric - Building construction materialDenis Patel
The document discusses different types of fabrics including natural fabrics like ramie, jute, and linen as well as man-made fabrics like acetate velvet, acrylic, spandex, latex, nylon, polyester, and rayon. It also discusses properties of fabrics like tensile strength, tear strength, adhesion strength, and flame retardancy. Some advantages of fabric structures include being faster to construct, light weight, allowing air ventilation and natural light, while disadvantages include being costly, requiring maintenance, and having low durability.
Early christian and byzantine architecture @ DennisDenis Patel
The document discusses the influences and characteristics of early Christian architecture. It began with Christians meeting in homes and underground burial places known as catacombs. They later adopted the basilica model from the Romans, often using materials from demolished pagan buildings. Key features included the use of semicircular arches, small windows, and wooden roofs. The style evolved with the Byzantine Empire, focusing on centralized plans under large domes supported by pendentives, as exemplified by Hagia Sophia in Istanbul. Mosaics and icons were also characteristic artistic elements.
This document discusses green building and sustainability. It defines green/sustainable building as structures that are environmentally responsible and efficient over their lifecycles. The document outlines several key aspects of green building including objectives to efficiently use resources, protect health, and reduce waste. It discusses international rating systems and summarizes strategies for green building in areas like energy efficiency, water conservation, materials selection, indoor environmental quality, and operations/maintenance.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Modified clay material
1. MCM
(MODIFIED CLAY MATERIAL)
Modified clay material is an amalgamation of clay and sands through an
unfired patent manufacturing technology. PHOMI’s products
are modified soil made through a technology breakthrough with the base
materials being constituted and bonded together by using
only low heat temperature in its manufacturing process.
SUB TO : SANDIP SIR
SUB BY: DENIS PATEL
DHRA PATEL
HARSHIL PATEL
JAY SONI
KATHANI PATEL
SATYAM PRAJAPATI
4. FIXING METHOD
It is generally fixed by two methods DRY AND
WET
(i ) By Fixtures and Fasteners
(ii)By Adhesives
(iii)By Mortar
(iv)By Panelling
It is recommended to cover protective coating on
MCM to make it dust free and the fixtative does not
damages it.
8. THEORETICAL
MCMFLEXI offers most varied collection of Natural,
Durable & Aesthetically designed materials holding a
wide range which encompasses MCM STONE,MCM
WOOD, MCM BRICK & MCM LEATHER.
Best suited for External cladding , Interiors;
Comprising of ceiling, flooring & furniture covering
and also for grand landscaping. MCMFLEXI Products
are suitable for your complete architectural needs.
The products come with a base thickness of only 2.5
mm
9. ACTUAL
MCM actually needs precision while fixing.
MCM sheets are larger in size for a single human to
carry
10. BREATHABLE
MOISTURE REGULATING MATERIAL
UNFIRED FLEXI CLAY CLADDING AND FLOORING IS MADE
FROM MCM (MODIFIED CLAY MATRERIALS)
THE MOST ATTRECTIVE ARE THIRE FUNCTIONAL
PROPERTIES, PRINCIPALLY , THAT OF BREATHABILITY AND
KNOWN ABALITIES TO REGULATE RELATIVE HUMIDITY(R.H.)
NEXT TO AIR TIGHTNESS AND EMBODIED ENERGY,
BREATHABILITY IS POSSIBALLY THE MOST CRICATAL
CONCIDERATION IN BUILDING DESIGN.
UNFIRED CLAY CAN ABSORBS AND DESORBS INDOOR
HUMIDITY FASTER THEN ANY OTHER MATERIAL.
CLAY CAN REGULATE RELATIVE INTERIOR HUMIDITY
BETWEEN 40% AND 70% .
BY KEEPING R.H. BETWEEN 40% AND 70% RESERCH HAS
SHOWN THAT THE LIKELIHOOD FOR AIRBORNE INFECTIOUS
BECTERIA AND VIRUS TO SURVIVE IS THE LOWEST.