Switzerland is a landlocked country located in Western and Central Europe. It has a diverse landscape that includes the Swiss Plateau, the Alps, and the Jura Mountains. The architecture of Switzerland has been influenced by its central location and the different linguistic regions. Traditional Swiss architecture includes stone farmhouses and the iconic Swiss chalet style characterized by steeply pitched roofs and decorative woodwork. Vernacular architecture varies regionally based on available materials and climate but often features combined living and agricultural spaces under one roof.
ADMIN BLOCK FOR IIMS
1. ROOMS PRESENT IN THE ADMIN BLOCK
2. SPACE REQUIRED
3. THEIR FUNCTION IN THAT SPACES
4. SEMINAR ROOMS AND FACILITIES
5. STANDARD CORRIDOR WIDTH
6. STANDARD STAIR CASE WIDTH RAISER,TREAD,LANDING ,FLIGHT DETAILS
7. TOILETS -SPACE REQUIRED
CUBILCLES FOR MEN AND WOMAN AS PER STANDARD
Example of an admin block of a business school How the block is connected to other blocks
Block placement in the site Orientation of the block Rooms arrangement according to the direction .
8. AUDITORIUM STANDARD AREA
9. USAGE PERCENTAGE ,SPACES REQUIRED
10. NO OF SEATINGS REQUIRED
11. DETAILS- MATERIALS TO BE USED TO MAKE AUDITORIUM ACOUSTICALLY GOOD a. -CUSHION MATERIALS ,FABRICS,PANEL BOARDS ,ETC - TYPES AND EFFECTIVE METHOD OF SEATING STEPPED ,STRAIGHT - SHAPE OF AUDITORIUM EFFECTIVE METHODS-CIRCULAR ,FAN PATTERN,RECTANGULAR ETC .b. -HEIGHTS ,DISTANCE BETWEEN STUDENTS AND THE STAGE c. -STAGE HEIGHT d. -ACTIVITY FLOW e. -FURNITURE AND DIMENSIONS
12. TOTAL CONNECTIVITY OF ALL THE BLOCKS TO THE ADMIN BLOCK
13. CONNECTIVITY IN THE ADMIN BLOCK
14. VENTILATION
The document provides information about the Centre for Environmental Planning and Technology (CEPT) University in Ahmedabad, India. It was designed by architect B.V. Doshi and is located on a 12.5 acre site. Key features include open planning without barriers, integration of open spaces, and ease of interaction between departments. Buildings are placed to avoid harsh sunlight and allow natural ventilation. The campus promotes interaction through open spaces, courtyards, and pathways between landscaped areas with trees.
The document provides information about the National Institute of Design campus in Ahmedabad, India. It was established in 1961 and covers 63,848 square meters. The campus is divided into institutional and residential zones, with the main academic block facing the Sabarmati River. Notable features include courtyards that provide light and segregate functions, a grid structural plan, and extensive landscaping including lawns and an amphitheater. Construction utilized precast concrete and reinforced brick with an emphasis on natural lighting, ventilation, and interaction with the outdoors.
International primary schools case study Sumaiya Islam
The Atelier primary school in Bengaluru, India was designed to provide children with a sensory-rich learning environment protected from noise from surrounding construction, according to the Reggio Emilia educational approach. The single-story building encloses 985 square meters within a compact volume centered around an open piazza, with classrooms, a studio, and outdoor play areas. Its demountable and reusable design allows it to be reconstructed elsewhere to minimize waste.
This is an Architectural case study on the Centre for Environment Planning & Technology (CEPT) building. Situated in Ahmedabad, Gujarat. This is done by an architecture student in semester 5.
ADMIN BLOCK FOR IIMS
1. ROOMS PRESENT IN THE ADMIN BLOCK
2. SPACE REQUIRED
3. THEIR FUNCTION IN THAT SPACES
4. SEMINAR ROOMS AND FACILITIES
5. STANDARD CORRIDOR WIDTH
6. STANDARD STAIR CASE WIDTH RAISER,TREAD,LANDING ,FLIGHT DETAILS
7. TOILETS -SPACE REQUIRED
CUBILCLES FOR MEN AND WOMAN AS PER STANDARD
Example of an admin block of a business school How the block is connected to other blocks
Block placement in the site Orientation of the block Rooms arrangement according to the direction .
8. AUDITORIUM STANDARD AREA
9. USAGE PERCENTAGE ,SPACES REQUIRED
10. NO OF SEATINGS REQUIRED
11. DETAILS- MATERIALS TO BE USED TO MAKE AUDITORIUM ACOUSTICALLY GOOD a. -CUSHION MATERIALS ,FABRICS,PANEL BOARDS ,ETC - TYPES AND EFFECTIVE METHOD OF SEATING STEPPED ,STRAIGHT - SHAPE OF AUDITORIUM EFFECTIVE METHODS-CIRCULAR ,FAN PATTERN,RECTANGULAR ETC .b. -HEIGHTS ,DISTANCE BETWEEN STUDENTS AND THE STAGE c. -STAGE HEIGHT d. -ACTIVITY FLOW e. -FURNITURE AND DIMENSIONS
12. TOTAL CONNECTIVITY OF ALL THE BLOCKS TO THE ADMIN BLOCK
13. CONNECTIVITY IN THE ADMIN BLOCK
14. VENTILATION
The document provides information about the Centre for Environmental Planning and Technology (CEPT) University in Ahmedabad, India. It was designed by architect B.V. Doshi and is located on a 12.5 acre site. Key features include open planning without barriers, integration of open spaces, and ease of interaction between departments. Buildings are placed to avoid harsh sunlight and allow natural ventilation. The campus promotes interaction through open spaces, courtyards, and pathways between landscaped areas with trees.
The document provides information about the National Institute of Design campus in Ahmedabad, India. It was established in 1961 and covers 63,848 square meters. The campus is divided into institutional and residential zones, with the main academic block facing the Sabarmati River. Notable features include courtyards that provide light and segregate functions, a grid structural plan, and extensive landscaping including lawns and an amphitheater. Construction utilized precast concrete and reinforced brick with an emphasis on natural lighting, ventilation, and interaction with the outdoors.
International primary schools case study Sumaiya Islam
The Atelier primary school in Bengaluru, India was designed to provide children with a sensory-rich learning environment protected from noise from surrounding construction, according to the Reggio Emilia educational approach. The single-story building encloses 985 square meters within a compact volume centered around an open piazza, with classrooms, a studio, and outdoor play areas. Its demountable and reusable design allows it to be reconstructed elsewhere to minimize waste.
This is an Architectural case study on the Centre for Environment Planning & Technology (CEPT) building. Situated in Ahmedabad, Gujarat. This is done by an architecture student in semester 5.
The document describes a public housing development called CIDCO Housing in Belapur, Navi Mumbai built between 1985-1996. It consisted of over 1000 apartment units ranging in size from 20-100 square meters organized into clusters. The development aimed to create public, semi-public, and private spaces through its site planning and layout. It featured amenities like schools, shops, and open courtyards but lacked some facilities like markets, hospitals, and parking. Both positive and negative feedback is provided from current and past residents regarding aspects like leakage issues, security concerns, and lack of nearby amenities.
case study of chandigarh college of architectureAbhishek Tiwari
1) The Chandigarh College of Architecture (CCA) was established in 1961 in Chandigarh, India by Le Corbusier as part of the Chandigarh Experiment.
2) CCA is located on a 20,000 square meter campus in Sector 12 of Chandigarh and has an enrollment of 200 undergraduate students.
3) The building utilizes north light and ventilation and includes facilities such as studios, workshops, a library and computer lab to support the education of architecture students.
The document provides a list of facilities and buildings located on the CEPT University campus including: the Faculties of Design (FD), Technology (FT), Planning (FP), and Management (FM); centers and labs; cafeterias; workshops; and administrative offices. Key buildings include the FD, FT, FP, FM blocks, as well as the U01-U09 university blocks that house facilities like computer labs, workshops, cafeterias, and administrative offices.
Campus Landscaping of Centre for Environmental Planning and Technology (CEPT...RituSaha3
CEPT University, formerly the Centre for Environmental Planning and Technology, is an academic institution located near university area in Ahmedabad, India offering undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in areas of natural and developed environment of human society and related disciplines. This university have a unique landscape features and this slide presented with pictures and necessary information.
This document provides information about Paliyam Nalukettu, a 450-year-old traditional Kerala house located in Paravur, Ernakulam District. It consists of a central courtyard surrounded by rooms on all four sides. The two-storey structure has kitchen, delivery rooms, and private bedrooms. Traditional materials and architectural features like thick laterite walls, tiled roofs, windows, ventilation openings, and a raised plinth were used to keep interiors cool and protect from floods/insects. The central courtyard, thick walls, overhangs, and passive ventilation techniques modulated temperature and airflow inside.
IIM Bangalore is located in Bangalore, Karnataka, India. It is situated on a 100-acre campus in a hilly area to the south of Bangalore. The campus was designed by architect B.V. Doshi to reflect the design of Fatehpur Sikri, with a network of corridors, courtyards, and external spaces. The design uses local materials like exposed concrete and granite, and incorporates green spaces like courtyards to promote academic exchange beyond classrooms. It achieves natural illumination through skylights while controlling sunlight and heat through pergolas and roofs.
BRICK school of architecture, case studyNavyaTessSabu
The BRICK School of Architecture in Pune, India was designed by architect Girish Doshi to foster interaction and inspiration among students. The 9-acre campus features a symmetrical plan around a central courtyard, drawing from South Indian temple and traditional Maratha architectural designs. Studios, classrooms, and workshops are arranged around courtyards and connected by bridges to promote cross-ventilation and connectivity between indoor and outdoor spaces. The use of exposed brickwork, courtyards, and skylights aims to integrate nature into the campus and provide a collaborative learning environment.
case study on iim bangalore.
architecture study.
how the space is organised with other blocks.
concept influenced by different examples.
B.V doshi one of his great work in his life.
he used more number of courtyards to create interaction spaces.
nature wrapped the whole campus beautifully.
The document provides information on the Vernacular study of Leh Ladakh region in India. It discusses the following key points:
1) Location of Ladakh in Jammu and Kashmir state between the Kunlun mountain range and the Himalayas, with average temperatures ranging from 17-24°C in summer to -14-0°C in winter.
2) Traditional crops and plants grown in Ladakh including herbaceous plants, berries and lettuce.
3) Rich cultural heritage of Ladakh including traditional dances, songs, festivals and staple foods. The predominant religions are Buddhism, Christianity and Islam.
4) Local economy based around agriculture, livestock rearing and more recently
The document summarizes the traditional pol house architecture of Ahmedabad, Gujarat. [1] Pols are enclosed residential neighborhoods entered through gates, featuring narrow streets and shared community spaces. [2] They originated from rural khadki settlements for security, with homes adjoining and enclosing shared yards. [3] Pol houses are organized around central courtyards (chowks), with rooms along three walls and an entrance platform (oatla) on the fourth, providing light, ventilation, and climate control in Gujarat's hot, dry climate.
The India Habitat Centre is located on Lodhi Road in New Delhi. It was designed by architect Joseph Allen Stein and covers an area of 9 acres. It is a cultural center that hosts various events like plays, concerts, exhibitions and conferences. The complex contains galleries, restaurants, an auditorium and landscaped outdoor spaces. It was designed to segregate pedestrian and vehicular movement with level changes and connected buildings to create courtyards throughout.
This document provides an overview of composite climates and guidelines for building design in these climates. It describes the nature of composite climates, which have characteristics of both hot/dry and warm/humid climates, alternating between long hot periods and shorter rainy periods. The key design criteria are resisting heat gain in summer and heat loss in winter. Recommendations include proper orientation, thick walls and roofs, courtyards, shading, insulation, and ventilation. Traditional dwellings in Delhi and a contemporary solar energy center in Gurgaon are discussed as case studies.
Indian institute of management bangalorejudy lebona
The document outlines a master plan for an academic block that includes formal and informal interaction spaces. Formal interaction takes place in planned settings like classrooms, while informal interaction occurs spontaneously in outdoor common areas. Visual connections between buildings are also an important part of the campus design, with focal points forming the heart without looking unplanned. Key interaction spaces, buildings, and participants are named.
VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE OF MAHRASHTRA (WEST)Mansi Jain
This document discusses vernacular architecture and traditional housing typologies in Maharashtra. It describes the warm and humid climate of the region and how architectural features like sloped roofs, baffle walls, and cross ventilation respond to the climate. It then discusses wadas, a traditional housing type consisting of rooms arranged around an open courtyard. Wadas varied in size from ordinary single-family homes to large complexes owned by nobility. Key features of wadas included wooden structural frames, courtyards providing light and ventilation, and orientation around a central open space. Examples of specific wada plans and architectural details are also provided.
case study on National institute of design, Ahmedabad.Milan Jain
The National Institute of Design was established in 1961 in Ahmedabad, India by the Government of India. It is an autonomous institution under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry that provides advanced training in fields like product design, visual communication, architecture and more. The campus was designed by architects Giraben Sarabhai and Charles Eames and covers 63,848 square meters along the Sabarmati River. Key aspects of the design include a grid layout with courtyards, north-south oriented studios for natural light, precast concrete construction, and extensive landscaping.
architectural case study of schools in auroville,puducherry, south indiaStudent
The document provides details about several schools located within the Auroville School Complex in India. Unlike other states, all schools in Auroville were situated together at a large School Complex and had unique structures and functions. Several schools are described, including The Pyramids built in a pyramid shape using ferrocement, New Era Secondary School shaped like a mushroom also using ferrocement, and The Last School which has a curved hollow structure made of ferrocement intended to keep the interior cool.
Selaqui International School, Dehradun
Nestled amidst the idyllic village of SelaQui in Uttarakhand, SelaQui International School is the best boarding school in Dehradun, with an expansive campus of 52-acres.
It is located in Doon valley (Dehradun), heavily forested on the foothills of middle Himalayas.
The school campus is located on Dehradun-Chakrata road about 20km from Dehradun.
Architect: Amandeep Singh.
Austria lies in central Europe and encompasses the Eastern Alps and Danube region. It has common borders with 8 countries and its capital and largest city is Vienna. Austria has a population of around 8.5 million people and its official language is German. The country has a long history and was once the center of the powerful Habsburg Empire. Today, Austria has a strong economy focused on industry, agriculture, and tourism, especially skiing and mountain activities in its Alpine regions.
Switzerland is a landlocked country located in Central Europe made up of 26 cantons. It has four official languages: German, French, Italian, and Romansh. Swiss culture varies by region and is influenced by neighboring countries that share the same language. Traditional Swiss culture includes winter sports, hiking, farming, folk art like yodeling and wood carving. Swiss cuisine also varies by region but includes dishes like fondue and raclette. Famous Swiss cities mentioned include Bern, Lucerne, Lausanne, and sites around Lake Geneva and the Bernese Oberland region with mountains like the Eiger, Mönch, and Jungfrau.
The document describes a public housing development called CIDCO Housing in Belapur, Navi Mumbai built between 1985-1996. It consisted of over 1000 apartment units ranging in size from 20-100 square meters organized into clusters. The development aimed to create public, semi-public, and private spaces through its site planning and layout. It featured amenities like schools, shops, and open courtyards but lacked some facilities like markets, hospitals, and parking. Both positive and negative feedback is provided from current and past residents regarding aspects like leakage issues, security concerns, and lack of nearby amenities.
case study of chandigarh college of architectureAbhishek Tiwari
1) The Chandigarh College of Architecture (CCA) was established in 1961 in Chandigarh, India by Le Corbusier as part of the Chandigarh Experiment.
2) CCA is located on a 20,000 square meter campus in Sector 12 of Chandigarh and has an enrollment of 200 undergraduate students.
3) The building utilizes north light and ventilation and includes facilities such as studios, workshops, a library and computer lab to support the education of architecture students.
The document provides a list of facilities and buildings located on the CEPT University campus including: the Faculties of Design (FD), Technology (FT), Planning (FP), and Management (FM); centers and labs; cafeterias; workshops; and administrative offices. Key buildings include the FD, FT, FP, FM blocks, as well as the U01-U09 university blocks that house facilities like computer labs, workshops, cafeterias, and administrative offices.
Campus Landscaping of Centre for Environmental Planning and Technology (CEPT...RituSaha3
CEPT University, formerly the Centre for Environmental Planning and Technology, is an academic institution located near university area in Ahmedabad, India offering undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in areas of natural and developed environment of human society and related disciplines. This university have a unique landscape features and this slide presented with pictures and necessary information.
This document provides information about Paliyam Nalukettu, a 450-year-old traditional Kerala house located in Paravur, Ernakulam District. It consists of a central courtyard surrounded by rooms on all four sides. The two-storey structure has kitchen, delivery rooms, and private bedrooms. Traditional materials and architectural features like thick laterite walls, tiled roofs, windows, ventilation openings, and a raised plinth were used to keep interiors cool and protect from floods/insects. The central courtyard, thick walls, overhangs, and passive ventilation techniques modulated temperature and airflow inside.
IIM Bangalore is located in Bangalore, Karnataka, India. It is situated on a 100-acre campus in a hilly area to the south of Bangalore. The campus was designed by architect B.V. Doshi to reflect the design of Fatehpur Sikri, with a network of corridors, courtyards, and external spaces. The design uses local materials like exposed concrete and granite, and incorporates green spaces like courtyards to promote academic exchange beyond classrooms. It achieves natural illumination through skylights while controlling sunlight and heat through pergolas and roofs.
BRICK school of architecture, case studyNavyaTessSabu
The BRICK School of Architecture in Pune, India was designed by architect Girish Doshi to foster interaction and inspiration among students. The 9-acre campus features a symmetrical plan around a central courtyard, drawing from South Indian temple and traditional Maratha architectural designs. Studios, classrooms, and workshops are arranged around courtyards and connected by bridges to promote cross-ventilation and connectivity between indoor and outdoor spaces. The use of exposed brickwork, courtyards, and skylights aims to integrate nature into the campus and provide a collaborative learning environment.
case study on iim bangalore.
architecture study.
how the space is organised with other blocks.
concept influenced by different examples.
B.V doshi one of his great work in his life.
he used more number of courtyards to create interaction spaces.
nature wrapped the whole campus beautifully.
The document provides information on the Vernacular study of Leh Ladakh region in India. It discusses the following key points:
1) Location of Ladakh in Jammu and Kashmir state between the Kunlun mountain range and the Himalayas, with average temperatures ranging from 17-24°C in summer to -14-0°C in winter.
2) Traditional crops and plants grown in Ladakh including herbaceous plants, berries and lettuce.
3) Rich cultural heritage of Ladakh including traditional dances, songs, festivals and staple foods. The predominant religions are Buddhism, Christianity and Islam.
4) Local economy based around agriculture, livestock rearing and more recently
The document summarizes the traditional pol house architecture of Ahmedabad, Gujarat. [1] Pols are enclosed residential neighborhoods entered through gates, featuring narrow streets and shared community spaces. [2] They originated from rural khadki settlements for security, with homes adjoining and enclosing shared yards. [3] Pol houses are organized around central courtyards (chowks), with rooms along three walls and an entrance platform (oatla) on the fourth, providing light, ventilation, and climate control in Gujarat's hot, dry climate.
The India Habitat Centre is located on Lodhi Road in New Delhi. It was designed by architect Joseph Allen Stein and covers an area of 9 acres. It is a cultural center that hosts various events like plays, concerts, exhibitions and conferences. The complex contains galleries, restaurants, an auditorium and landscaped outdoor spaces. It was designed to segregate pedestrian and vehicular movement with level changes and connected buildings to create courtyards throughout.
This document provides an overview of composite climates and guidelines for building design in these climates. It describes the nature of composite climates, which have characteristics of both hot/dry and warm/humid climates, alternating between long hot periods and shorter rainy periods. The key design criteria are resisting heat gain in summer and heat loss in winter. Recommendations include proper orientation, thick walls and roofs, courtyards, shading, insulation, and ventilation. Traditional dwellings in Delhi and a contemporary solar energy center in Gurgaon are discussed as case studies.
Indian institute of management bangalorejudy lebona
The document outlines a master plan for an academic block that includes formal and informal interaction spaces. Formal interaction takes place in planned settings like classrooms, while informal interaction occurs spontaneously in outdoor common areas. Visual connections between buildings are also an important part of the campus design, with focal points forming the heart without looking unplanned. Key interaction spaces, buildings, and participants are named.
VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE OF MAHRASHTRA (WEST)Mansi Jain
This document discusses vernacular architecture and traditional housing typologies in Maharashtra. It describes the warm and humid climate of the region and how architectural features like sloped roofs, baffle walls, and cross ventilation respond to the climate. It then discusses wadas, a traditional housing type consisting of rooms arranged around an open courtyard. Wadas varied in size from ordinary single-family homes to large complexes owned by nobility. Key features of wadas included wooden structural frames, courtyards providing light and ventilation, and orientation around a central open space. Examples of specific wada plans and architectural details are also provided.
case study on National institute of design, Ahmedabad.Milan Jain
The National Institute of Design was established in 1961 in Ahmedabad, India by the Government of India. It is an autonomous institution under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry that provides advanced training in fields like product design, visual communication, architecture and more. The campus was designed by architects Giraben Sarabhai and Charles Eames and covers 63,848 square meters along the Sabarmati River. Key aspects of the design include a grid layout with courtyards, north-south oriented studios for natural light, precast concrete construction, and extensive landscaping.
architectural case study of schools in auroville,puducherry, south indiaStudent
The document provides details about several schools located within the Auroville School Complex in India. Unlike other states, all schools in Auroville were situated together at a large School Complex and had unique structures and functions. Several schools are described, including The Pyramids built in a pyramid shape using ferrocement, New Era Secondary School shaped like a mushroom also using ferrocement, and The Last School which has a curved hollow structure made of ferrocement intended to keep the interior cool.
Selaqui International School, Dehradun
Nestled amidst the idyllic village of SelaQui in Uttarakhand, SelaQui International School is the best boarding school in Dehradun, with an expansive campus of 52-acres.
It is located in Doon valley (Dehradun), heavily forested on the foothills of middle Himalayas.
The school campus is located on Dehradun-Chakrata road about 20km from Dehradun.
Architect: Amandeep Singh.
Austria lies in central Europe and encompasses the Eastern Alps and Danube region. It has common borders with 8 countries and its capital and largest city is Vienna. Austria has a population of around 8.5 million people and its official language is German. The country has a long history and was once the center of the powerful Habsburg Empire. Today, Austria has a strong economy focused on industry, agriculture, and tourism, especially skiing and mountain activities in its Alpine regions.
Switzerland is a landlocked country located in Central Europe made up of 26 cantons. It has four official languages: German, French, Italian, and Romansh. Swiss culture varies by region and is influenced by neighboring countries that share the same language. Traditional Swiss culture includes winter sports, hiking, farming, folk art like yodeling and wood carving. Swiss cuisine also varies by region but includes dishes like fondue and raclette. Famous Swiss cities mentioned include Bern, Lucerne, Lausanne, and sites around Lake Geneva and the Bernese Oberland region with mountains like the Eiger, Mönch, and Jungfrau.
This document provides an overview of Switzerland, including its geography, culture, history, arts, and industries. Switzerland is a mountainous country located in Western Europe with four official languages. It has a long history of independence and neutrality dating back to the formation of the Swiss Confederacy in 1291. The country values diversity and direct democracy. Key industries include watchmaking, chocolate, and hydropower, and notable artists and authors include Ferdinand Hodler, Friedrich Dürrenmatt, and Johanna Spyri.
Switzerland is a landlocked country located in Western Europe, bordered by Germany, France, Italy, Austria and Liechtenstein. Hunter-gatherers first settled in Switzerland as early as the late Paleolithic period. The country has a long history and was influenced by Celtic and Roman settlements. Bern is the capital city known for its well-preserved medieval architecture and sites like the House of Parliament. Fondue is one of Switzerland's iconic dishes where bread is dipped in a pot of melted cheese. Popular tourist destinations include Lake Geneva, with attractions like Chillon Castle, and the Swiss Alps, where one can see the Matterhorn mountain in Zermatt.
Alsace Lorraine is a historical region located in northeastern France on the border with Germany. It has changed hands between France and Germany multiple times due to wars. Notable cities include Strasbourg, Mulhouse, and Metz. Popular attractions include the Route des Vins wine route, Strasbourg Cathedral, and museums. An itinerary is outlined visiting the major cities and attractions over three days. The culture of the region blends French and German influences including cuisine, language, and history.
This document provides information about Switzerland, including its geography, history, culture, cities, and tourist attractions. It begins with details about traveling to Switzerland from Canada and transportation within the country. The rest of the document covers Switzerland's population, climate, terrain, languages spoken, religions practiced, cuisine, etiquette, music, major cities, and popular attractions in places like Geneva, Bern, Zurich, St. Moritz, Lugano, Lucerne, Interlaken, and Zermatt. In conclusion, it lists some travel restrictions and requirements for visiting Switzerland.
The document provides an overview of human geography across four regions of Europe: Mediterranean Europe, Western Europe, Northern Europe, and Eastern Europe. It describes the diverse landscapes, cultures, and histories that have shaped each region over millennia, including the rise and fall of ancient civilizations and empires, the development of modern nation-states, and the political and economic changes of the 20th century that have led to the Europe we know today. Conflict and cooperation between groups have been defining forces as different regions developed in their own ways amid constant interaction and influence from their neighbors.
This document provides information on several landmarks and sites in France, including cities, castles, churches, and gardens. It describes the architectural features and histories of notable structures like Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, Chateau Gaillard, and Monet's house and gardens in Giverny. Battle sites from World War II like Omaha Beach and Pointe du Hoc are also summarized. Major art museums such as the Louvre are discussed, with descriptions of famous works.
Germany is a large country located in central Europe. It has a population of over 82 million people and its largest city and capital is Berlin. Germany has a strong economy focused on manufacturing and exports. Some top attractions include Neuschwanstein Castle, the Berlin Wall, and visiting a Bayern Munich soccer match at the Allianz Arena. Germans celebrate festivals like Oktoberfest, an annual beer festival held in Munich each September and October. Germany has a rich history and was divided during the Cold War before reunifying in 1990.
This document provides an overview of Austria and Switzerland as two countries being discussed. It begins with acknowledgements and then provides details about Austria, including its capital Vienna, currency, and cities like Salzburg. Specific tourist attractions in Vienna and Salzburg are mentioned. The document then shifts to providing a brief history and overview of Switzerland, noting details like its capital Bern and the role of banking.
This presentation is done by Kestle Khea M. Belderol as one of her projects on ITALIAN REGIONS in her Italian 11 class (AY 2013-2014) at the University of the Philippines under Prof. Emanuela Adesini.
Germany is located in central Europe, bordered by several countries. It has diverse terrain ranging from northern plains to the Alps mountains. Germany has a population of 82.5 million people and Berlin is its capital city. Some key aspects of Germany include its economy as one of the largest in Europe, languages including German and minority languages, renowned classical music tradition, and 33 UNESCO world heritage sites spread across the country highlighting its rich culture and history.
Belgium is a small country located in Western Europe, bordered by the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg, and France. It has a population of around 10.7 million and is home to the headquarters of both the European Union and NATO. Belgium has three official languages - Dutch, French, and German - and its geography consists of three main regions from lowlands at the coast to higher elevations further inland. Tourism is an important part of Belgium's economy, focused around its cities of art, coastline, and Ardennes forest region. Belgium is also known for its beers, chocolates, comics, and folklore festivals.
The document provides information about the Alsace-Lorraine region near the French-German border. It discusses the region's history of being controlled by various groups including the Romans, Holy Roman Empire, France, and Germany. It also mentions key events and locations in the region such as Martin Luther posting his theses in 1518, the evacuation of Strasbourg in 1939 for WWII, and notable landmarks like the Cathedral of Notre-Dame. Additionally, it outlines aspects of the local culture, economy, and tourism options in the area like vineyards, parks, and various methods of transportation.
The document provides information about the Alsace-Lorraine region near the French-German border. It summarizes that Strasbourg is the capital and principal city of the region, which has a moderate climate with cold winters and mild springs and falls. The region has been controlled by various groups throughout history, including the Romans, Holy Roman Empire, France, Germany, and currently France again. It is a major wine producing area with many festivals and vineyards, and is home to historical sites, museums, and parks.
The document provides information about the Alsace-Lorraine region near the French-German border. It summarizes that Strasbourg is the capital and principal city of the region, which has a moderate climate with cold winters and mild springs/falls. The region has been controlled by various groups throughout history, including the Romans, Holy Roman Empire, France, Germany, and currently France again. It is a major wine producing area with local cuisine influenced by French and German styles, and features many historical sites, museums, parks, and vineyards popular with visitors.
The document provides information about the Alsace-Lorraine region near the French-German border. It summarizes that Strasbourg is the capital and principal city of the region, which has a moderate climate with cold winters and mild springs/falls. The region has been controlled by various groups throughout history, including the Romans, Holy Roman Empire, France, Germany, and it was evacuated during WWII. It is a major wine producing area with local cuisine influenced by French and German styles, and features many historical sites, museums, parks, and vineyards.
France is located in Western Europe, bordered by several countries. Some key facts about France include: the Eiffel Tower is a famous wrought-iron tower located in Paris; popular French dishes include salade nicoise and croissants; the official currency is the Euro; the climate varies from oceanic in the west to Mediterranean in the south; Christianity is the majority religion; association football is the most popular sport.
Belgium is a small country located in Western Europe, bordered by the Netherlands, Germany, and Luxembourg. It has a population of around 10.7 million people and is home to the headquarters of the European Union and NATO. Belgium has three official languages - French, Dutch, and German - and its geography and culture varies across its three main regions of Lower Belgium, Central Belgium, and Upper Belgium. Some of Belgium's most notable exports are beer, chocolate, fries, and comics, and it attracts many tourists for its cities, coastline, and Ardennes forest region.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
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How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
2. INTRODUCTION
• Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country situated at the confluence of Western,
Central, and Southern Europe.
• It is a federal republic composed of 26 cantons, with federal authorities based in Bern.
• Switzerland is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein
to the east.
• It is geographically divided among the Swiss Plateau, the Alps, and the Jura, spanning a total area of 41,285
km2 (15,940 sq mi), and land area of 39,997 km2 (15,443 sq mi).
• Although the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, the Swiss population of approximately 8.5 million is
concentrated mostly on the plateau, where the largest cities and economic centres are located, among them Zürich,
Geneva, and Basel.
• Since the Reformation of the 16th century, Switzerland has maintained a strong policy of armed neutrality; it has not
fought an international war since 1815 and did not join the United Nations until 2002. Nevertheless, it pursues an
active foreign policy and is frequently involved in peace-building processes around the world.
4. HISTORY
• Around 1500 BC Celtic Helvetian’s entered Switzerland and colonized the land.
• By 58 BC the Romans took reign of the area and built a capital at Aventicum (Avenches). In the Following
centuries, the Romans continued to build roads and other towns.
• However, the region was attacked by a tribe called Alemanii and Switzerland never recovered. This resulted in the
Romans withdrawing their army from Switzerland altogether in 400AD Afterwards, the Germanic Tribes
(Alamanii and Burgundians) took rule of the area forcing the remaining Roman’s to retreat into the mountains.
• Despite this, the area remained a part of the Holy Roman Empire for many years afterwards.
• In the 12th Century, the Dukes of Zahringen, A German nobel family, were given authority over part of the
Burgundy territories (the western part of Switzerland) and were responsible for founding many of Switzerland’s
cities, such as Fribourg in 1157 and Bern in 1191.
• In 1291, the Unterwalden, Schwyz, and Uri families signed a charter making Switzerland an independent
country. However, formal independence wasn’t acquired from the Holy Roman Empire until 1499.
• Switzerland’s goal was to be a neutral country, meaning they intended not to be involved in any wars. After the
defeat of Napolean when he invaded the country in 1797, the congress of Vienna gave Switzerland in 1815,
permanent armed neutrality, which they maintained through both World Wars and the Cold War despite being
centrally located in the heart of Europe.
5. ABOUT
• Languages: German (Official) 63.7%,
French (Official) 20.4%, Italian
(Official) 6.5%, Romansh (Official)
0.5%
• Nationality: Swiss, Suisse, Schweiz
• Religions: Roman Catholic 41.8%,
Protestant 35.3%, Orthodox 1.8%,
Muslim 4.3%
• National Holiday: August 1st -
Founding of the Swiss Confederation
• National Anthem: Schweizerpsalm
6. GEOGRAPHY
• Population: 8 .02 Million (2012) Climate: Temperate, however, it varies
with altitude.
• Terrain: M ainly mountains (Alps in the South, Jura in the Northwest) with
rolling hills, plains and large lakes
• Total Size: 4 1,290 km2
• Geographical Low Point: Lake Maggiore (195 m)
• Geographical High Point: Dufourspitze (4,634 m)
• Continent: Europe
• The population is about 8 million, resulting in an average population density
of around 195 people per square kilometre
7. ECONOMY
• Major Industries: machinery, chemicals, watches, textiles, precision instruments
• Agriculture Products: grains, fruits, vegetables, meat, eggs
• Natural Resources: Hydropower, potential, timber, salt
• Major Exports: Machinery, chemicals, metals, watches, agricultural products
• Major Imports: Machinery, chemicals, vehicles, metals, agricultural products, textiles.
• Switzerland's most important economic sector is manufacturing. Manufacturing consists
largely of the production of specialist chemicals, health and pharmaceutical goods,
scientific and precision measuring instruments and musical instruments.
• The largest exported goods are chemicals (34% of exported goods),
machines/electronics (20.9%), and precision instruments/watches (16.9%).
• Exported services amount to a third of exports.[124] The service sector – especially
banking and insurance, tourism, and international organisations – is another important
industry for Switzerland.
9. ARCHITECTURE STYLE
• The architecture of Switzerland was influenced by its location
astride major trade routes, along with diverse architectural
traditions of the four national languages.
• Romans and later Italians brought their monumental and
vernacular architecture north over the Alps, meeting the Germanic
and German styles coming south and French influences coming
east. Additionally, Swiss mercenary service brought architectural
elements from other lands back to Switzerland.
• All the major styles including ancient Roman, Romanesque,
Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Neoclassical, Art Nouveau,
Modern architecture and Post Modern are well represented
throughout the country.
• The relative isolation of villages in the Alpine foothills, the Alps
and the Jura mountains as well as different languages led to great
diversity in the vernacular style.
• Due to differing traditions, climate and building materials,
villages in each region are distinctly different.
• The Swiss chalet style, which was popular in the 19th century
represents only one of a number of traditional designs.
10. VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE
• Traditional Swiss farm and village house
design depended on a number of factors
including the local climate, type of
agriculture, materials available, local
tradition and location.
• Each region in Switzerland developed
their own style of vernacular
architecture to meet these factors.
• Migrations such as the spread of the
Walser into Valais, the spread of
Germanic culture into the Romansh
regions of Graubünden and the Swiss
invasion of Ticino allowed mixing of
different traditional styles.
• The growth of alpine transhumance,
were cattle summered in high alpine
meadows and wintered in the valleys,
required different designs for housing.
11. VERNACULR ARCHITECTURE
• Beginning in the 11th century many of the out-
buildings began to be combined into a single multi-
purpose farm buildings.
• Farm houses now often contained living quarters,
larders, stalls and feed storage under a single
roof, but isolated by walls.
• The kitchens were generally chimney free until the
17th century, though in some poorer areas chimneys
remained uncommon into the 19th century.
• However, using stone ovens or fireplaces to heat
rooms became common by the 14th century in the
northern Alpine foothills and Alpine valleys.
• External decoration became increasing visible on
both wood and stone buildings after 1500. Façade
decoration reached its peak in the 17th and 18th
centuries before becoming less common and
simpler in the following centuries.
12. SETTLEMENT PATTERN
• The diversity of geomorphology, climate, and plant distribution in Switzerland provides a wide variety of settlement
sites, a variety further enhanced by the country’s central European location.
Rural settlements predominate in the valleys, where characteristic Alpine
villages extend along the base of slopes.
Terraced slopes characterize the sites of villages that serve as bases for “Alpine
nomadism,” the seasonal moving of livestock to or from the mountains.
Two of the best examples are Martigny (the Roman city of Octodurum), at the
meeting of the Great Saint Bernard Pass route and the Rhône valley, and Chur,
a more than 5,000-year-old city located where the Rhine connects with passes to
the interior of the canton of Graubünden.
Some cities in Switzerland originally
developed around monasteries or around
Roman settlements.
Many settlements evolved from their distinct
sites. For example, Fribourg (founded in
1157) and Bern (1191) were established at
strategic river crossings.
Each Swiss city is geographically unique,
particularly those lying at the head of a lake.
13. ARCHITECTURE STYLE
SWISS CHALET STYLE:
• Swiss chalet style is an architectural style of Late Historicism, originally inspired by rural chalets in Switzerland and
the Alpine (mountainous) regions of Central Europe.
• The style refers to traditional building designs characterised by widely projecting roofs and facades richly decorated
with wooden balconies and carved ornaments.
CHARACTERSTICS:
The style is characterized by:
• gabled roofs with wide eaves
• exposed construction beams, including large brackets
• decorative carving and mouldings
• balconies
• large windows
• weatherboarding, usually painted, often in bright colors
14. CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES
Stone (Walls with or without plastering)
Stone/Timber (kitchen; bricked, living-room; timber)
Stone/Log (Like 2. but block building with the parlour surrounded by
mural-mantle)
Stone/Timber (only single part walled with timber)
Log, horizontal (log cabin)
Log with timber, horizontal (timber
with logs between the frames)
Timber, vertical (older framework
build or younger partly timbered
build)
Wood isn’t just wood!
There are many complex
ways to build houses. Log
homes are not the same as
timber-built dwellings, for
example. Log
construction uses the
horizontal trunks of
coniferous trees. In timber
construction, the wood is
positioned vertically.