Gypsum is a soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate that is widely used in construction. It is used to make plaster, drywall, and other building materials. Gypsum board has good fire resistance and sound insulation properties when used in building construction. However, gypsum is less strong and durable than other materials like brick and can absorb dust or flake on surfaces over time.

1. GYPSUM
SUB. BY :- DENIS PATEL
DHARA PATEL
HARSHIL PATEL
JAY SONI
KATHANI PATEL
SATYAM PRAJAPATI
DRY WALL
SUB TO : SANDIP SIR

2. DESCRIPTION :-
Gypsum is a soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate,
with the chemical formula CaSO4·2H2O. It is widely mined and is used as
a fertilizer, and as the main constituent in many forms
of plaster, blackboard chalk and wallboard. A massive fine-grained white
or lightly tinted variety of gypsum, called alabaster, has been used
for sculpture by many cultures including Ancient
Egypt, Mesopotamia, Ancient Rome, the Byzantine Empire and
the Nottingham alabasters of Medieval England. Mohs scale of mineral
hardness, based on scratch hardness comparison, defines hardness
value 2 as gypsum. It forms as an evaporite mineral and as a hydration
product of anhydrite.

3. MANUFACTURE OF GYPSUM BOARD
6.In the mixer, water is added back to the stucco to
form a slurry, and foam is added to the slurry to make
the wallboard more lightweight.
FORMING STATION
7.T he board forming line starts with two large rolls of
recycled paper or fiberglass mats.
BOARD LINE
8. the board travels down a long conveyor line in a
single continuous piece.
CUT OFF KNIFE
9. the end of the line, a blade cuts the hardened board
into various lengths.
KILN
10 .The board kiln completes the drying process, leaving
the gypsum
board virtually moisture-free.
RAW MATERIAL
1.High-quality gypsum rock is extracted at
quarries or mine
CRUSHER
2.Large rocks are crushed into small
pieces
GRINDING MILL
3.The mill reduces small rocks to a very
fine, chalk-like powder called land plaster
CALCINE SYSTEM
4.The land plaster is heated in large
kettles to remove most of the water from
the plaster
STUCCO HOLDING TANK
5.Calcined land plaster, called stucco, is
fed from a holding bin to the mixer by a
screw conveyor
MIXER

5. USES OF GYPSUM
Architecture.
Medical.
Agriculture.
Fine art.
Chemical industry.
Juice extraction of some fruits and vegetables.
Cosmetic etc.

6. PROPERTIES
Sound resistant
Heat resistant
Light weight
Easily Mouldable
Available in variety of colors ,
patterns, textures
Can be fixed by fastners or just by
placing

7. PROPERTIES OF GYPSUM
Gypsum is fire protective Gypsum is non-combustible and able to delay
a fire’s spread up to 4 hours.
Gypsum regulates sound. Gypsum walls, ceilings and floors together
with insulation materials create quiet zones in the house or business
environment.
Gypsum is impact resistant. The Gypsum Industry provides
plasterboards, gypsum fibr boards and plaster blocks with a degree of
hardness equivalent to a thick wall heavy masonry construction.
Gypsum is easy to install and to dismantle
Gypsum is multifaceted, multipurpose, supple and aesthetic

8. ADVANTAGES
Ease of Application (Workability): Gypsum can be directly applied over brick/block work without separate finishing. It is
also very easy to apply and level gypsum plaster.
No Shrinkage Cracks: Gypsum reaction produces less heat as compared to cement reaction with water. So there are
fewer Shrinkage cracks in gypsum plaster as compared to traditional cement plaster
Quick Setting Time: Gypsum sets quickly (i.e., within 25-30 mins). So painting could be started 72 hours after application
of gypsum plaster. Plaster has to be dried up before painting.
No curing: Unlike Traditional Cement Plaster, Gypsum plaster doesn’t need any curing saving water and time during
construction
High Productivity: Reduces time considerably when compared to conventional cement plaster
High Performance: Excellent high strength after drying, Durable and Light weight (Reduces dead load on structure)
Smooth Finish: Perfectly lined, levelled, smooth walls and perfect right angled corners
Reduced Supervision: Careful quality checking is required for cement plaster as cement and sand has to be properly
proportioned. In contrast, gypsum plaster doesn’t require same amount of quality checks for application thus reducing
supervision efforts.
Readily available raw materials: Gypsum is a ready available material. Natural Sand, which is a raw material used in
Traditional cement plaster, is hard to obtain. It is also banned in multiple states in India
Fire resistant: Gypsum plaster is highly resistant to fire
Low thermal conductivity: Gypsum has low thermal conductivity. This saves electrical cost for heating and cooling rooms
in a building.
Decorative application: It can be easily applied to decorative purposes also and can be mould into different shapes

9. DISADVANTAGES
Gypsum plaster cannot be used for outside walls since they retain
dampness. Also gypsum plastering cannot be done in areas which are
continuously damp such as bathroom etc.,
Gypsum plaster is costlier than traditional cement mortar plaster
(cement and sand) for same thickness of plaster. But in areas where
natural/river sand is not available for construction, cement mortar
plastering should be covered with a 6 mm gypsum layer making cement
plaster more costly.

10. EDGES OF GYPSUM BOARD

11. FIRE RESISTANCE AND SOUND
INSULATION
FIRE RESISTANCE
Gypsum board is the most commonly used fire
resistive material and is equally well known as a
reliable and economic surfacing material.
When used in combination with other products,
excellent fire resistive and sound control
properties can be achieved.
SOUND TRANSMISSION CLASS (STC)
Drywall construction systems are tested to
establish their sound insulation characteristics
and airborne sound insulation is reported as the
Sound Transmission Class (STC).

12. THEORETICAL v/s ACTUAL

13. CASE STUDY
Location :-
Malhar green bungalows , patan .
purpose :-
Thermal insulation , identity , aesthetics
Climate condition :-
hot & dry

14. CLIMATE EFFECT

15. COMPARISION
BETTER
Economically cheaper than A.c.p
and M.c.m
Fire resistance is better than of
Bricks , Plywood and Metal
Sound Insulation Compared to
that of other
Light Weight Compared to that
of Stone , Brick .
WORSE
Strength is less compared to else.
Sometimes may not be Water
resistant
Dust Absorbant
Flakes get created on surface

16. ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSION
Gypsum is commonly used material for ceiling asthetical
profiles but is rarely used for dry wall purposes this is due to
its instability and less strength of durability.
Gypsum is available in variety of shades , pattern , textures ,
and a uniformity of size , with a huge variation in price
difference.
Gypsum is chemically bonded by calcium particles which
releases heat when in contact with water but this reaction
rarely happens in case of sheets due to chemicals bonding
sheet .