This document from the Purdue University Writing Lab provides an overview of using MLA format for cross-referencing sources. It explains that MLA format allows readers to easily cross-reference sources, provides consistency, establishes credibility, and helps avoid plagiarism. The document outlines the two main components of MLA style - the works cited page and parenthetical citations. It provides examples and guidelines for creating a works cited list and using parenthetical citations for different source types like books, articles, interviews and websites. Additional help resources for MLA style are also listed.
This document from the Purdue University Writing Lab provides an overview of using MLA format for cross-referencing sources. It explains that MLA format allows readers to easily cross-reference sources, provides consistency, establishes credibility, and helps avoid plagiarism. The document outlines the two main components of MLA style - the works cited page and parenthetical citations. It provides examples and guidelines for creating a works cited list and using parenthetical citations for different source types like books, articles, interviews and websites. Additional help resources for MLA style are also listed.
The document discusses the importance and proper use of APA citation format. It explains that APA format allows readers to easily cross-reference sources, provides consistency within academic disciplines, establishes the writer's credibility, and helps avoid plagiarism. The document outlines the key components of in-text parenthetical citations and reference pages in APA format. It provides examples and guidance on incorporating sources properly.
This document provides an overview and guidelines for formatting a paper according to the MLA (Modern Language Association) style. It covers 2009 updates to MLA, general formatting guidelines including font, margins, headings, and page headers. It also reviews guidelines for in-text citations, formatting quotations, and constructing a Works Cited page including entries for different source types like books, articles, web pages, and more. The document aims to instruct readers on all aspects of MLA formatting and citation.
This document discusses the proper use of quotations and citations. It explains that citations are used to avoid plagiarism and allow readers to find sources. It describes the Modern Language Association (MLA) citation style, including in-text citations, Works Cited pages, and formatting guidelines. Examples are provided for both in-text citations and Works Cited entries for various source types like books and websites. The document directs readers to the Purdue OWL website for more detailed MLA style guidance.
This document provides information on how to properly cite sources and avoid plagiarism using MLA format. It discusses the goals of learning MLA style, how to format the Works Cited page, why citing sources is important, what constitutes plagiarism, and how to document sources in-text using parenthetical citations that correspond to the Works Cited list. Examples are given for citing different source types such as books, articles, websites and more.
The document provides instructions for properly citing sources using MLA style, including how to format in-text citations for sources with one, two, or more than three authors and how to cite direct quotations. Examples are given for citing different source types such as books, articles from library databases and websites, and block quotations. Students are directed to complete an activity practicing citing sources in MLA style using an online database.
This document provides an overview of MLA citation format. It discusses using MLA format to allow readers to cross-reference sources, provides consistency, and establishes credibility. It also helps avoid plagiarism. MLA style has two main parts - in-text parenthetical citations and a Works Cited page listing all sources. Parenthetical citations are used to indicate direct quotes, summaries, and paraphrases in the text and refer readers to the source in the Works Cited page. The Works Cited page provides publication details for all sources referenced and is organized alphabetically by author.
This presentation discusses citing and referencing sources in APA (American Psychological Association) style. It covers how to format in-text citations for different numbers and types of authors, how to include page numbers and publication dates, and how to distinguish between citations with identical authors and years. The presentation also reviews how to format reference list entries for different source types like books, book chapters, journal articles, and web pages. Proper APA citation and referencing helps give credit to authors and allows readers to find the cited sources.
This document from the Purdue University Writing Lab provides an overview of using MLA format for cross-referencing sources. It explains that MLA format allows readers to easily cross-reference sources, provides consistency, establishes credibility, and helps avoid plagiarism. The document outlines the two main components of MLA style - the works cited page and parenthetical citations. It provides examples and guidelines for creating a works cited list and using parenthetical citations for different source types like books, articles, interviews and websites. Additional help resources for MLA style are also listed.
The document discusses the importance and proper use of APA citation format. It explains that APA format allows readers to easily cross-reference sources, provides consistency within academic disciplines, establishes the writer's credibility, and helps avoid plagiarism. The document outlines the key components of in-text parenthetical citations and reference pages in APA format. It provides examples and guidance on incorporating sources properly.
This document provides an overview and guidelines for formatting a paper according to the MLA (Modern Language Association) style. It covers 2009 updates to MLA, general formatting guidelines including font, margins, headings, and page headers. It also reviews guidelines for in-text citations, formatting quotations, and constructing a Works Cited page including entries for different source types like books, articles, web pages, and more. The document aims to instruct readers on all aspects of MLA formatting and citation.
This document discusses the proper use of quotations and citations. It explains that citations are used to avoid plagiarism and allow readers to find sources. It describes the Modern Language Association (MLA) citation style, including in-text citations, Works Cited pages, and formatting guidelines. Examples are provided for both in-text citations and Works Cited entries for various source types like books and websites. The document directs readers to the Purdue OWL website for more detailed MLA style guidance.
This document provides information on how to properly cite sources and avoid plagiarism using MLA format. It discusses the goals of learning MLA style, how to format the Works Cited page, why citing sources is important, what constitutes plagiarism, and how to document sources in-text using parenthetical citations that correspond to the Works Cited list. Examples are given for citing different source types such as books, articles, websites and more.
The document provides instructions for properly citing sources using MLA style, including how to format in-text citations for sources with one, two, or more than three authors and how to cite direct quotations. Examples are given for citing different source types such as books, articles from library databases and websites, and block quotations. Students are directed to complete an activity practicing citing sources in MLA style using an online database.
This document provides an overview of MLA citation format. It discusses using MLA format to allow readers to cross-reference sources, provides consistency, and establishes credibility. It also helps avoid plagiarism. MLA style has two main parts - in-text parenthetical citations and a Works Cited page listing all sources. Parenthetical citations are used to indicate direct quotes, summaries, and paraphrases in the text and refer readers to the source in the Works Cited page. The Works Cited page provides publication details for all sources referenced and is organized alphabetically by author.
This presentation discusses citing and referencing sources in APA (American Psychological Association) style. It covers how to format in-text citations for different numbers and types of authors, how to include page numbers and publication dates, and how to distinguish between citations with identical authors and years. The presentation also reviews how to format reference list entries for different source types like books, book chapters, journal articles, and web pages. Proper APA citation and referencing helps give credit to authors and allows readers to find the cited sources.
This document provides guidance on using MLA format for cross-referencing sources in academic writing. It discusses including a works cited page with full citations for all sources and using parenthetical citations within the text to point readers to sources. The works cited page lists sources alphabetically and parenthetical citations contain the author's last name and page number. Long quotes require block formatting. MLA style helps avoid plagiarism by properly attributing ideas and words from other works.
The document provides information about APA citation style, including what's new in the 6th edition and how to properly cite sources in both the body of the text and the reference page. Key points covered include using parenthetical citations, formatting references for different source types like books, articles, and websites. Additional resources for APA style questions are also listed.
This document provides guidelines for formatting a paper in MLA style, including setting margins and line spacing, adding a header, creating a heading, formatting the title and text, using quotations and paraphrasing properly with citations, and formatting the Works Cited page. Key aspects covered include setting all margins to 1 inch, double spacing the entire document, including the last name and page number in the header, and providing a heading with name, instructor, class, and date. Quotations, both short and long, should include citations, and the Works Cited page should be alphabetized with a hanging indent.
This document provides information on MLA citations, including how to format end-text citations and references on a Works Cited page. It explains that end-text citations include the author's name, source title, publication details and source type. Publication information can be found on title and copyright pages for print sources and top/bottom of web pages for online sources. Examples are given for citing a book, magazine article and web article following MLA style guidelines. The Works Cited page lists all citations alphabetically in a double-spaced list.
Why & How to Write APA Style Citations & References.pptOER Commons
This document provides instructions for how to write citations in APA style, both in the body of a paper and in the reference section. It explains that in-text citations give credit to sources of information and ideas and help avoid plagiarism. The reference section allows readers to retrieve cited sources. Key details are provided, such as using author names, dates, titles, and publisher information in a standardized format. Exceptions to the general rules are also outlined.
This document provides a summary of MLA style guidelines for formatting papers and citing sources, including:
- MLA style regulates document formatting, in-text citations, and reference lists. It specifies guidelines for font, spacing, margins, headings, and titles.
- Sources must be cited in the text and listed in a references page whenever using others' ideas and words, whether quoting, paraphrasing, or summarizing.
- Citation formats are provided for different source types like books, articles, reviews, and websites. Book citations include author, title, publisher, year. Article citations include author, title, journal, date, page range.
- Guidelines cover citing multiple works by the same
The document provides information about the APA style of referencing, which consists of two elements: 1) in-text citations that provide the author, year, and sometimes page number in the body of the paper, and 2) a reference list at the end that provides complete details for each in-text citation. It then goes on to describe the proper formatting for various types of in-text citations and references, including books, journal articles, websites, and more.
This document provides guidelines for formatting papers, citing sources in-text and in reference lists, and formatting reference list entries for various source types, according to the 7th edition of the MLA Handbook. It addresses formatting basics, using direct quotations and paraphrasing, general citation rules, introducing quotations, in-text citation methods, formatting the reference list, and citing sources from books, articles, websites and other media.
This document provides an overview and guidelines for formatting papers in MLA (Modern Language Association) style. It discusses the basic components of MLA formatting such as setting up the first page, using in-text citations, formatting quotations, and creating a list of works cited. Key aspects covered include double-spacing, 12 point Times New Roman font, 1 inch margins, providing author-page citations in parentheses, and structuring bibliographic entries in a specific order. The document is intended as a reference for students on how to properly cite sources and format academic papers according to MLA style.
The document provides an overview of MLA style guidelines for student papers. It discusses three main parts: formatting the paper, creating a reference list of cited sources, and using parenthetical citations within the text. Formatting includes things like font, margins, page numbers. The reference list lists sources alphabetically and provides publication details. Parenthetical citations identify sources within the text and correspond to the reference list.
This document provides an overview of MLA (Modern Language Association) style formatting and citation guidelines. It discusses the basic components of MLA style such as document formatting, in-text citations, and works cited entries. Key points include that MLA style is often used in the humanities, regulates document format, citations, and bibliographies, and was updated in 2016. The document then provides detailed guidelines on general formatting, first page formatting, section headings, quoting, paraphrasing, and constructing a works cited list according to the 8th edition of MLA style.
St Hilda's APA Bibliography and Referencing Guidelineshortonlibrary
For formal writing such as essays and assignments, you are required to include a bibliography and reference your sources.
There are a number of different systems for creating bibliographies and references. St Hilda’s School uses APA.
To help create a bibliography, you can use this guide in WriteCite on the St Hilda’s Library home page and EasyBib downloaded onto your iPad or phone.
The document provides information about MLA citation and style guidelines. It discusses that MLA style is used for academic papers in arts and languages. It outlines the key components of MLA style including in-text citations, formatting essay pages and works cited pages, and examples of citations for different publication types such as periodicals, books, and web pages. The document aims to teach students how to properly cite sources and format papers according to MLA style.
A bibliography is a list of all sources used in an assignment, organized alphabetically by author's last name. If no author is listed, sources are organized alphabetically by title. The bibliography includes full details of books, book chapters, journal articles, newspaper articles, encyclopedia articles, audiovisual materials, webpages, and personal communications. Personal communications are not included in the bibliography but referenced in-text. The document provides examples of how to format different source types in a bibliography using APA referencing style.
This document provides guidelines for citing sources and formatting papers in MLA style. It discusses including in-text citations in parentheses when quoting or paraphrasing sources, as well as creating a Works Cited list of all sources cited. The document outlines rules for various types of citations, including books, articles, interviews, and websites. It also covers formatting aspects like headings, titles, and multiple authors.
The document provides examples of Harvard referencing formats for a variety of sources including acts of parliament, archive materials, atlases, book chapters, blogs, books with 1, 2, 3 or more authors, books with editors, books that are part of a series, and books by the same author published in the same year. For each source type, it gives the formatting for both in-text citations and full references in the bibliography. Key details like author names, publication years, titles, publishers and page numbers, as needed, are included in the examples to illustrate the complete Harvard referencing style.
This document provides guidelines for citing sources in APA style according to the 6th edition of the publication manual. It discusses how to cite different types of sources like books with one, two, or three to five authors, edited books, ebooks, journal articles, and more. For each source type, it provides examples of how to format in-text citations and reference list entries. The document aims to help avoid plagiarism by properly citing ideas and quotations from other works.
This document provides an overview and guidelines for formatting papers in MLA (Modern Language Association) style. It discusses the basic components of MLA formatting such as setting up the first page, using in-text citations, formatting quotations and lists of works cited. Key points include double-spacing the text, using a header with the last name and page number for each page, providing parenthetical citations with author names and page numbers, and structuring the bibliography in a specific order of elements for each source. The document is intended to guide writers in properly citing sources and formatting their papers according to MLA style.
The Modern Language Association (MLA) style provides guidelines for formatting papers and citing sources to ensure consistency and avoid plagiarism. Key guidelines include double spacing the text, writing out the title in full in the header, indenting the first line of each paragraph, and citing sources with parenthetical references linked to an alphabetized Works Cited page listing full source information. MLA style dictates specific formatting for elements like block quotations, omitting or adding words in quotations, and outlining.
Chicago Style is a citation style used in history and the humanities that uses numbered notes. A Chicago Style paper includes: (1) superscript Arabic numerals in the text that correspond to footnotes or endnotes, (2) footnotes or endnotes providing publication details, and (3) a bibliography listing all sources alphabetically. Footnotes/endnotes use abbreviated citations after the first use and provide full source details, while the bibliography lists all sources with complete publication information.
This document provides an overview and outline of an MLA style workshop. The workshop covers the basics of MLA style including first page formatting, in-text citations, formatting sources for the Works Cited page, discussing plagiarism, and how to use the citation generator NoodleBib. The workshop is presented by the Student Success and Technology Center and library and includes an introduction to MLA style, formatting guidelines, examples of different source types, and strategies for avoiding plagiarism. Attendees are encouraged to take a quiz after the workshop to evaluate what they have learned.
Works Cited Modern Language AssociationModern Lang.docxdunnramage
Works Cited
Modern Language Association
Modern Language Association Format
Heading
Name, prof, class, date
One inch margins
Double spaced
Last name and page number in top right corner of
every page except the first.
Include a “Works Cited” page
Indent all paragraphs one-half inch
Remove extra space after paragraphs
12 point font
Times New Roman
MLA Heading
Works Cited
Double spaced
Hanging indent
Alphabetical order by author’s last
name or title if there is no author.
Include last name and page number on
top right.
Do not number or “bullet” the list
Do not include another header
Works Cited Example
Information to keep track of
Author and/or editor names (if available) or translator
Article name in quotation marks.
Title of the website, project, journal, or book in italics.
Any version numbers available, including editions (ed.), revisions,
posting dates, volumes (vol.), or issue numbers (no.).
Publisher information, including the publisher name and
publishing date.
Take note of any page numbers (p. or pp.) or paragraph numbers
(par. or pars.) if already numbered.
URL (without the https://) DOI or permalink.
Date you accessed the material (Date Accessed)—While not
required, it is highly recommended, especially when dealing with
pages that change frequently or do not have a visible copyright
date.
Books and Chapters
Author’s last name, first name. Title of Book. Publishing company,
year.
Downey, Katherine Brown. Perverse Midrash: Oscar Wilde, Andre
Gide, and Censorship of Biblical Drama. Continuum, 2004.
Author’s last name, first name. “Chapter Title.” Title of Book.
Publishing company, year, pp. Page numbers.
Butler, Octavia E. “Bloodchild.” Bloodchild and Other Stories. Seven
Stories, 2005, pp. 1-24.
Editors/
translators
follow the
title if any,
followed by
volume or
edition.
Work in an Anthology
Last name, first name. “Title of Article.” year originally
published. Title of Book, edited by Name of Editor(s),
edition, Publisher, year published, pp. page numbers.
Codrescu, Andrei. “Notes of an Alien Son: Immigration
Paradoxes.” 2010. Engaging Questions: A Guide to Writing,
edited by Carolyn E. Channell and Timothy W. Crusius,
ed. 2, McGraw-Hill, 2016, pp. 17-19.
Scholarly Article in a Database
Author’s last name, first name. “Title of Article.” Title of Journal, vol.,
no., year, pp., Database, URL.
Lanphear, Bruce P., et al. “Association of Environmental Toxicants and
Conduct Disorder in U.S. Children: NHANES 2001-2004.”
Environmental Health Perspectives, vol. 116, no. 7, July 2008, pp.
956-962, Academic Search Complete,
dcccd.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/log
in.asp?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=34356584&site=ehost-live
Volume
Issue number Pages Remove the http://
http://dcccd.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.asp?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=34356584&site=ehost-live
Articles on a We.
This document provides guidance on using MLA format for cross-referencing sources in academic writing. It discusses including a works cited page with full citations for all sources and using parenthetical citations within the text to point readers to sources. The works cited page lists sources alphabetically and parenthetical citations contain the author's last name and page number. Long quotes require block formatting. MLA style helps avoid plagiarism by properly attributing ideas and words from other works.
The document provides information about APA citation style, including what's new in the 6th edition and how to properly cite sources in both the body of the text and the reference page. Key points covered include using parenthetical citations, formatting references for different source types like books, articles, and websites. Additional resources for APA style questions are also listed.
This document provides guidelines for formatting a paper in MLA style, including setting margins and line spacing, adding a header, creating a heading, formatting the title and text, using quotations and paraphrasing properly with citations, and formatting the Works Cited page. Key aspects covered include setting all margins to 1 inch, double spacing the entire document, including the last name and page number in the header, and providing a heading with name, instructor, class, and date. Quotations, both short and long, should include citations, and the Works Cited page should be alphabetized with a hanging indent.
This document provides information on MLA citations, including how to format end-text citations and references on a Works Cited page. It explains that end-text citations include the author's name, source title, publication details and source type. Publication information can be found on title and copyright pages for print sources and top/bottom of web pages for online sources. Examples are given for citing a book, magazine article and web article following MLA style guidelines. The Works Cited page lists all citations alphabetically in a double-spaced list.
Why & How to Write APA Style Citations & References.pptOER Commons
This document provides instructions for how to write citations in APA style, both in the body of a paper and in the reference section. It explains that in-text citations give credit to sources of information and ideas and help avoid plagiarism. The reference section allows readers to retrieve cited sources. Key details are provided, such as using author names, dates, titles, and publisher information in a standardized format. Exceptions to the general rules are also outlined.
This document provides a summary of MLA style guidelines for formatting papers and citing sources, including:
- MLA style regulates document formatting, in-text citations, and reference lists. It specifies guidelines for font, spacing, margins, headings, and titles.
- Sources must be cited in the text and listed in a references page whenever using others' ideas and words, whether quoting, paraphrasing, or summarizing.
- Citation formats are provided for different source types like books, articles, reviews, and websites. Book citations include author, title, publisher, year. Article citations include author, title, journal, date, page range.
- Guidelines cover citing multiple works by the same
The document provides information about the APA style of referencing, which consists of two elements: 1) in-text citations that provide the author, year, and sometimes page number in the body of the paper, and 2) a reference list at the end that provides complete details for each in-text citation. It then goes on to describe the proper formatting for various types of in-text citations and references, including books, journal articles, websites, and more.
This document provides guidelines for formatting papers, citing sources in-text and in reference lists, and formatting reference list entries for various source types, according to the 7th edition of the MLA Handbook. It addresses formatting basics, using direct quotations and paraphrasing, general citation rules, introducing quotations, in-text citation methods, formatting the reference list, and citing sources from books, articles, websites and other media.
This document provides an overview and guidelines for formatting papers in MLA (Modern Language Association) style. It discusses the basic components of MLA formatting such as setting up the first page, using in-text citations, formatting quotations, and creating a list of works cited. Key aspects covered include double-spacing, 12 point Times New Roman font, 1 inch margins, providing author-page citations in parentheses, and structuring bibliographic entries in a specific order. The document is intended as a reference for students on how to properly cite sources and format academic papers according to MLA style.
The document provides an overview of MLA style guidelines for student papers. It discusses three main parts: formatting the paper, creating a reference list of cited sources, and using parenthetical citations within the text. Formatting includes things like font, margins, page numbers. The reference list lists sources alphabetically and provides publication details. Parenthetical citations identify sources within the text and correspond to the reference list.
This document provides an overview of MLA (Modern Language Association) style formatting and citation guidelines. It discusses the basic components of MLA style such as document formatting, in-text citations, and works cited entries. Key points include that MLA style is often used in the humanities, regulates document format, citations, and bibliographies, and was updated in 2016. The document then provides detailed guidelines on general formatting, first page formatting, section headings, quoting, paraphrasing, and constructing a works cited list according to the 8th edition of MLA style.
St Hilda's APA Bibliography and Referencing Guidelineshortonlibrary
For formal writing such as essays and assignments, you are required to include a bibliography and reference your sources.
There are a number of different systems for creating bibliographies and references. St Hilda’s School uses APA.
To help create a bibliography, you can use this guide in WriteCite on the St Hilda’s Library home page and EasyBib downloaded onto your iPad or phone.
The document provides information about MLA citation and style guidelines. It discusses that MLA style is used for academic papers in arts and languages. It outlines the key components of MLA style including in-text citations, formatting essay pages and works cited pages, and examples of citations for different publication types such as periodicals, books, and web pages. The document aims to teach students how to properly cite sources and format papers according to MLA style.
A bibliography is a list of all sources used in an assignment, organized alphabetically by author's last name. If no author is listed, sources are organized alphabetically by title. The bibliography includes full details of books, book chapters, journal articles, newspaper articles, encyclopedia articles, audiovisual materials, webpages, and personal communications. Personal communications are not included in the bibliography but referenced in-text. The document provides examples of how to format different source types in a bibliography using APA referencing style.
This document provides guidelines for citing sources and formatting papers in MLA style. It discusses including in-text citations in parentheses when quoting or paraphrasing sources, as well as creating a Works Cited list of all sources cited. The document outlines rules for various types of citations, including books, articles, interviews, and websites. It also covers formatting aspects like headings, titles, and multiple authors.
The document provides examples of Harvard referencing formats for a variety of sources including acts of parliament, archive materials, atlases, book chapters, blogs, books with 1, 2, 3 or more authors, books with editors, books that are part of a series, and books by the same author published in the same year. For each source type, it gives the formatting for both in-text citations and full references in the bibliography. Key details like author names, publication years, titles, publishers and page numbers, as needed, are included in the examples to illustrate the complete Harvard referencing style.
This document provides guidelines for citing sources in APA style according to the 6th edition of the publication manual. It discusses how to cite different types of sources like books with one, two, or three to five authors, edited books, ebooks, journal articles, and more. For each source type, it provides examples of how to format in-text citations and reference list entries. The document aims to help avoid plagiarism by properly citing ideas and quotations from other works.
This document provides an overview and guidelines for formatting papers in MLA (Modern Language Association) style. It discusses the basic components of MLA formatting such as setting up the first page, using in-text citations, formatting quotations and lists of works cited. Key points include double-spacing the text, using a header with the last name and page number for each page, providing parenthetical citations with author names and page numbers, and structuring the bibliography in a specific order of elements for each source. The document is intended to guide writers in properly citing sources and formatting their papers according to MLA style.
The Modern Language Association (MLA) style provides guidelines for formatting papers and citing sources to ensure consistency and avoid plagiarism. Key guidelines include double spacing the text, writing out the title in full in the header, indenting the first line of each paragraph, and citing sources with parenthetical references linked to an alphabetized Works Cited page listing full source information. MLA style dictates specific formatting for elements like block quotations, omitting or adding words in quotations, and outlining.
Chicago Style is a citation style used in history and the humanities that uses numbered notes. A Chicago Style paper includes: (1) superscript Arabic numerals in the text that correspond to footnotes or endnotes, (2) footnotes or endnotes providing publication details, and (3) a bibliography listing all sources alphabetically. Footnotes/endnotes use abbreviated citations after the first use and provide full source details, while the bibliography lists all sources with complete publication information.
This document provides an overview and outline of an MLA style workshop. The workshop covers the basics of MLA style including first page formatting, in-text citations, formatting sources for the Works Cited page, discussing plagiarism, and how to use the citation generator NoodleBib. The workshop is presented by the Student Success and Technology Center and library and includes an introduction to MLA style, formatting guidelines, examples of different source types, and strategies for avoiding plagiarism. Attendees are encouraged to take a quiz after the workshop to evaluate what they have learned.
Works Cited Modern Language AssociationModern Lang.docxdunnramage
Works Cited
Modern Language Association
Modern Language Association Format
Heading
Name, prof, class, date
One inch margins
Double spaced
Last name and page number in top right corner of
every page except the first.
Include a “Works Cited” page
Indent all paragraphs one-half inch
Remove extra space after paragraphs
12 point font
Times New Roman
MLA Heading
Works Cited
Double spaced
Hanging indent
Alphabetical order by author’s last
name or title if there is no author.
Include last name and page number on
top right.
Do not number or “bullet” the list
Do not include another header
Works Cited Example
Information to keep track of
Author and/or editor names (if available) or translator
Article name in quotation marks.
Title of the website, project, journal, or book in italics.
Any version numbers available, including editions (ed.), revisions,
posting dates, volumes (vol.), or issue numbers (no.).
Publisher information, including the publisher name and
publishing date.
Take note of any page numbers (p. or pp.) or paragraph numbers
(par. or pars.) if already numbered.
URL (without the https://) DOI or permalink.
Date you accessed the material (Date Accessed)—While not
required, it is highly recommended, especially when dealing with
pages that change frequently or do not have a visible copyright
date.
Books and Chapters
Author’s last name, first name. Title of Book. Publishing company,
year.
Downey, Katherine Brown. Perverse Midrash: Oscar Wilde, Andre
Gide, and Censorship of Biblical Drama. Continuum, 2004.
Author’s last name, first name. “Chapter Title.” Title of Book.
Publishing company, year, pp. Page numbers.
Butler, Octavia E. “Bloodchild.” Bloodchild and Other Stories. Seven
Stories, 2005, pp. 1-24.
Editors/
translators
follow the
title if any,
followed by
volume or
edition.
Work in an Anthology
Last name, first name. “Title of Article.” year originally
published. Title of Book, edited by Name of Editor(s),
edition, Publisher, year published, pp. page numbers.
Codrescu, Andrei. “Notes of an Alien Son: Immigration
Paradoxes.” 2010. Engaging Questions: A Guide to Writing,
edited by Carolyn E. Channell and Timothy W. Crusius,
ed. 2, McGraw-Hill, 2016, pp. 17-19.
Scholarly Article in a Database
Author’s last name, first name. “Title of Article.” Title of Journal, vol.,
no., year, pp., Database, URL.
Lanphear, Bruce P., et al. “Association of Environmental Toxicants and
Conduct Disorder in U.S. Children: NHANES 2001-2004.”
Environmental Health Perspectives, vol. 116, no. 7, July 2008, pp.
956-962, Academic Search Complete,
dcccd.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/log
in.asp?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=34356584&site=ehost-live
Volume
Issue number Pages Remove the http://
http://dcccd.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.asp?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=34356584&site=ehost-live
Articles on a We.
This document provides information and guidelines about referencing and citation styles, including MLA and APA styles. It discusses the purpose of referencing, which is to acknowledge the ideas and work of others to avoid plagiarism. The document outlines the general guidelines for formatting a research paper in MLA style, such as double spacing, font, margins, and headers. It provides examples of how to format in-text citations in MLA style for different source types, such as books, articles, and websites. The document also discusses setting up the Works Cited page in MLA style, including entry structure for different source formats. Finally, it briefly outlines APA citation style and formatting references in APA style.
This document provides guidelines for formatting a paper in MLA style, including setting one-inch margins, double spacing, indenting paragraphs, and providing a header with the page number. It also covers how to include in-text citations with the author's last name and page number in parentheses and compiling a Works Cited page with references in alphabetical order by author's last name.
This document discusses proper citation practices, including when and why to cite sources, different citation styles, and how to format in-text citations and reference lists. It emphasizes that all ideas from outside sources must be cited to avoid plagiarism. The document reviews guidelines for citing quotes and paraphrases, such as integrating them properly and including author names and page numbers. Examples are provided to demonstrate proper citation formatting.
The document discusses MLA format and its importance for academic writing. MLA format provides a consistent citation style that allows readers to easily locate sources. It establishes the writer's credibility and protects against plagiarism. The two main parts of MLA style are in-text parenthetical citations and a Works Cited page listing all sources in alphabetical order. Additional resources for help with MLA format include style manuals, textbooks, and online writing centers.
A bibliography is an alphabetical list of all sources used in an essay or research paper. It gives credit to ideas and materials borrowed from other sources to avoid plagiarism. A bibliography shows sources were not stolen but borrowed, and proves the work is not plagiarized. It also provides additional information for readers who want to learn more. Teachers require bibliographies and will deduct points from grades without one. The document provides examples of bibliographic citations for different source types like books, websites, encyclopedia articles, and magazines. It demonstrates the basic bibliographic format of indenting lines after the first and using italics for titles.
A bibliography is a list of sources used in an essay or research paper. It provides credit to sources and shows that ideas were borrowed, not stolen, to avoid plagiarism. A bibliography also offers additional information for readers and is often required for a grade. The basic format requires sources be listed alphabetically with consistent indentation and formatting for titles, authors, publishers and dates. Examples show proper citation formats for books, websites, encyclopedia articles and magazines.
This document provides an overview of APA citation style. It discusses why APA style is used, how to cross-reference sources, and how to establish credibility as a writer. It also covers creating a reference page, using parenthetical citations, and where to find additional APA style resources.
This document provides an overview of how and when to cite sources using MLA format. It explains that citing sources avoids plagiarism and provides a map for readers to locate research materials. The document describes in-text citations, full citations in a Works Cited page, and formatting guidelines for MLA papers. Examples are provided for citing different source types such as books, articles, and websites. Helpful online resources for MLA style are also listed.
The document provides instructions for properly citing sources using MLA style, including how to format in-text citations for sources with one, two, or more than three authors and how to cite direct quotations. Examples are given for citing different source types from printed materials, online databases, websites, and more. Students are assigned to explore an online database and literary reference source to find and cite two articles using the MLA style sheet provided.
Referencing is acknowledging the sources of information used in an assignment to avoid plagiarism. A citation provides a brief in-text reference to the source, while a reference lists full publication details. Citations are included in the body of the work and references are provided in an alphabetical list at the end. The key difference is that citations signpost source information within the text, while references provide full publication details for sources cited.
Referencing is acknowledging the sources of information used in an assignment. It involves citing sources in the text and providing a full reference list. Citations provide brief details in the text to direct the reader to the full reference. The reference list at the end provides complete publication details for all sources cited. Referencing is important to avoid plagiarism, support points made, and allow readers to find the sources. The guide explains how to reference different source types like books, journal articles, websites and more using the Harvard style.
This document provides a guide on plagiarism, citation basics, and the MLA citation style. It defines plagiarism as presenting others' ideas as your own without giving them credit. Exceptions for common facts are outlined. Proper citation is important to show respect for others' work, establish credibility, and avoid plagiarism. The MLA style for in-text citations and bibliographic references is explained, including citations for one author, two authors, editor, periodical, internet, and book sources. Students are advised to cite sources to prevent plagiarism and warned about using Wikipedia as a source.
The document provides guidance on citing sources and avoiding plagiarism using APA, MLA, and Chicago/Turabian citation styles. It defines plagiarism and discusses when and why to cite sources, including what constitutes common knowledge. Examples are given of citing sources within the text and providing full references for various source types, such as books, journal articles, websites. Key aspects of each citation style such as formatting, punctuation, capitalization are outlined.
MLA 8th Edition Formatting and Style Guide Purdue OWL StafIlonaThornburg83
MLA 8th Edition Formatting and Style Guide
Purdue OWL Staff
Brought to you in cooperation with the Purdue Online Writing Lab
MLA (Modern Language
Association) Style formatting is
often used in various humanities
disciplines.
In addition to the handbook, MLA
also offers The MLA Style Center, a
website that provides additional
instruction and resources for
writing and formatting academic
papers. https://style.mla.org/
What is MLA?
MLA regulates:
• document format
• in-text citations
• works-cited list
What does MLA
regulate?
The 8th edition handbook introduces a new way to cite
sources. Instead of a long list of rules, MLA guidelines
are now based on a set of principles that may be used
to cite any type of source.
The three guiding principles:
1. Cite simple traits shared by most works.
2. Remember that there is more than one way to cite
the same source.
3. Make your documentation useful to readers.
MLA Update 2016
This presentation will cover:
• How to format a paper in MLA style (8th ed.)
• General guidelines
• First page format
• Section headings
• In-text citations
• Formatting quotations
• Documenting sources in MLA style (8th ed.)
• Core elements
• List of works cited
Overview
Basic rule for any formatting style:
Always
Follow your instructor’s
guidelines
Your Instructor Knows
Best
An MLA Style paper should:
• Be typed on white 8.5“ x 11“ paper
• Double-space everything
• Use 12 pt. Times New Roman (or similar) font
• Leave only one space after punctuation
• Set all margins to 1 inch on all sides
• Indent the first line of paragraphs one half-inch
Format: General
Guidelines
An MLA Style paper should:
• Have a header with page numbers located in the
upper right-hand corner
• Use italics for titles
• Place endnotes on a separate page before the list of
works cited
Format: General
Guidelines (cont.)
The first page of an MLA Style paper will:
• Have no title page
• Double space everything
• List your name, your instructor's name, the course, and date in the
upper left-hand corner
• Center the paper title (use standard caps but no underlining, italics,
quote marks, or bold typeface)
• Create a header in the upper right corner at half inch from the top
and one inch from the right of the page (list your last name and page
number here)
Formatting the 1st Page
Sample 1st Page
Section Headings are generally optional:
• Headings in an essay should usually be numbered
• Headings should be consistent in grammar and
formatting but, otherwise, are up to you
Formatting Section
Headings
OR
Numbered (all flush left with no
underlining, bold, or italics):
Example:
1. Soil Conservation
1.1 Erosion
1.2 Terracing
2. Water Conservation
3. Energy Conservation
Unnumbered (by level):
Example:
Level 1: bold, flush left
Level 2: ita ...
The document discusses MLA format guidelines for Works Cited pages and in-text citations. It explains that a Works Cited page comprehensively lists all sources used in a research paper and comes at the end, while in-text citations identify specific information and its source within the paper. Both are needed to formally document sources and avoid plagiarism. Examples are provided of in-text citations, Works Cited entries, citing indirect sources, and electronic sources.
The document discusses MLA format guidelines for Works Cited pages and in-text citations. It explains that a Works Cited page comprehensively lists all sources used in a research paper and comes at the end, while in-text citations identify specific information and its source within the paper. The document provides examples of in-text citations and formatting for a Works Cited page, and discusses citing indirect sources and electronic sources.
This document provides information on citations and references. It explains that citations are passages or phrases quoted from sources that are supported by references. References provide detailed descriptions of sources, including author, title, publisher, and date. The document outlines why sources should be cited, such as to avoid plagiarism and properly attribute ideas. It discusses the differences between a references page and bibliography. Examples are given for citing various sources like books, websites, images, and more in both in-text citations and reference lists using the Harvard referencing style.
This document provides guidance on MLA citation styles. It discusses in-text parenthetical citations with authors' last names and page numbers for quotes, and notes that electronic sources require only the first item from the works cited list. The document also reviews the basic components of a works cited page, including formatting, labeling, spacing, and indentation of sources. Key resources mentioned for citation help include the library website, Purdue OWL, and the MLA Handbook.
The document discusses ethics and social responsibility. It defines ethics as moral principles that govern behaviors. There are three domains of human action - law, ethics, and free choice - with differing levels of control. Ethical dilemmas arise when choices have negative consequences, making right from wrong unclear. When making ethical decisions, managers consider the needs of individuals versus groups. Four approaches to ethical decision making are described: utilitarian, individualism, moral rights, and justice. Factors like the manager's moral development and the organization also affect ethical choices.
This document provides guidance on developing a Capstone Product to accompany a Senior Capstone Project. It explains that the product should be something planned and implemented based on research or experiences, such as an invention, model, event, or other creative work. It advises students to think about why their project is important and what information the target audience needs to know to help determine the appropriate type of product to create, such as a model, campaign, performance, or technological solution. Examples of previous students' products like models, artwork, and displays are also presented.
NoodleTools is a digital organizer that helps students stay organized while researching and writing papers. It allows students to build a bibliography, take notes on notecards by copying and pasting quotes or paraphrasing, and add their own ideas and analysis. Students can tag and sort their notecards into piles representing different topics or subtopics. The notes can then be dragged into an outline to help structure an essay or other written work. All of the student's work is saved and organized into projects within their NoodleTools account.
NoodleTools is a digital organizer that helps students stay organized while researching and writing essays and other projects. It allows students to build a bibliography, take notes on notecards by copying and pasting quotes and adding their own ideas, tag and sort notecards into piles representing subtopics, and create an outline to organize their thoughts. All of the student's work is saved and accessible from any device so they can continue working across different locations. The program provides tools to help students engage closely with source texts through activities like marking up quotes, paraphrasing information, and adding their own analysis and questions.
The document provides tips for improving PowerPoint presentations. It notes that there are 300 million PowerPoint users who give 30 million presentations per day, with about half being unbearable. Bad presentations can hurt business through poor communication, relations, sales, and training. The document then offers advice in four areas - significance, structure, simplicity, and rehearsal - to make presentations more effective. It emphasizes the importance of passion about the topic, using a clear structure, minimizing text, and practicing the presentation.
The document provides guidance on creating an annotated bibliography, which consists of bibliographic citations accompanied by descriptive and evaluative paragraphs. An annotation includes a summary of the key points of the source material as well as the reader's response. It aims to support research on a topic by replacing the need to reread sources. The annotation should critically analyze the source through considering questions about the author, publication, and arguments, and include a 75-150 word summary and a 50-75 word response paragraph.
The document provides an overview of MLA (Modern Language Association) style, which is commonly used for research papers in colleges. MLA style allows writers to cite sources in their papers and provide attribution for ideas that did not originate with them. It establishes conventions for in-text citations and bibliographies that make it easy for readers to locate the sources used. While MLA format may seem complex, learning it in high school prepares students for college, where professors expect papers to follow MLA guidelines and provide little instruction on the style themselves.
The document discusses how to properly cite web sources using MLA format. It provides examples of citing different types of web sources, including articles with authors, articles without authors, and websites. The key components of a MLA citation for a web source are listed as the author, article name, name of site, publisher or sponsor, date of publication or last update, and date of access.
1) Writing research papers is an important skill that can improve one's career and impact.
2) It is best to start writing early in the research process to help crystallize ideas and get feedback from others.
3) The introduction should clearly state the problem and contributions while the body provides evidence to support the claims.
The document explains how to construct a quote sandwich, which is used to analyze a quote from a text. A quote sandwich has three parts: context, the quote itself, and analysis. The context provides background on where the quote is from and what is happening. The quote should not be too long and must include proper punctuation and citation. The analysis interprets the quote and explains how it supports the overall point being made. An example quote sandwich is provided to illustrate these three components.
The document discusses what an annotated bibliography is and how to write one. An annotated bibliography is a list of citations for sources on a topic that includes a descriptive and evaluative paragraph for each citation. The annotation summarizes the source and the reader's response. To write an annotation, critically read the source by asking questions about its purpose, content and conclusions. Then write a summary paragraph of the source's main points and a response paragraph evaluating the source and its relevance to the topic.
This document discusses different points of view (POVs) that can be used in writing:
1) First person POV uses pronouns like "I", "me", "my" and tells the story from the perspective of a main character. Benefits include seeing events through an important character, but the narrator may be unreliable.
2) Second person POV uses "you", presenting commands or speaking to oneself. It is rare and uses "you".
3) Third person POV can be omniscient, where the narrator knows everything, limited omniscient where the narrator can see into one character's mind, or objective where the narrator only describes without entering characters
This document discusses and provides examples of deductive and inductive reasoning. Deductive reasoning starts with a general premise and uses logic to draw a specific conclusion. Inductive reasoning uses specific observations to draw a general conclusion that is probable but not certain. An example is provided that demonstrates deductive reasoning by concluding what pants Smith is wearing based on known facts about his pants ownership.
This document provides guidance on how to explicate a poem through a short analysis. It recommends closely examining the poem's language, form, themes, and dramatic elements to understand the relationships between its parts. The analysis should start with identifying the speaker and main conflict, then discuss design elements like rhetoric, syntax and patterns line by line to develop an interpretation while incorporating discussion of rhyme, meter and other poetic techniques. The goal is to connect the poem's small parts to illuminate its overall meaning and relationships.
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...TechSoup
Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...indexPub
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...
MLA from OWL
1. Purdue University Writing Lab
Cross-referencing:
Using MLA Format
A workshop brought to you by the
Purdue University Writing Lab
2. Purdue University Writing Lab
Why Use MLA Format?
Allows readers to
cross-reference your
sources easily
Provides consistent
format within a
discipline
Gives you credibility
as a writer
Protects yourself from
plagiarism
3. Purdue University Writing Lab
Cross-Referencing Your
Sources
Cross-referencing allows
readers to locate the
publication information
of source material. This
is of great value for
researchers who may
want to locate your
sources for their own
research projects.
4. Purdue University Writing Lab
Using a Consistent Format
Using a consistent
format helps your
reader understand
your arguments and
the sources they’re
built on.
It also helps you keep
track of your
sources as you build
arguments.
5. Purdue University Writing Lab
Establishing Credibility
The proper use of
MLA style shows the
credibility of writers;
such writers show
accountability to
their source
material.
6. Purdue University Writing Lab
Avoiding Plagiarism
Proper citation of your
sources in MLA style
can help you avoid
plagiarism, which is a
serious offense. It may
result in anything from
failure of the
assignment to
expulsion from school.
7. Purdue University Writing Lab
Where Do I Find MLA
Format?
MLA Handbook for
Writers of Research
Papers, 5th ed.
Composition textbooks
www.mla.org
OWL website:
owl.english.purdue.edu
Writing Lab Grammar
Hotline: 494-3723
9. Purdue University Writing Lab
Works Cited Page
A complete list of every
source that you make
reference to in your essay
Provides the information
necessary for a reader to
locate and retrieve any
sources cited in your essay.
10. Purdue University Writing Lab
A Sample Works Cited
Page
Smith 12
Works Cited
Dickens, Charles. Bleak House. 1852-1853. New York: Penguin,
1985.
---. David Copperfield. 1849-1850. New York: Houghton Mifflin
Company, 1958.
Miller, J. Hillis. Charles Dickens: The World and His Novels.
Bloomington: U of Indiana P, 1958.
Zwerdling, Alex. “Esther Summerson Rehabilitated.” PMLA 88 (May
1973): 429-439.
11. Purdue University Writing Lab
Most citations should
contain the following
basic information:
Author’s name
Title of work
Publication
information
Works Cited
12. Purdue University Writing Lab
Book
Byatt, A. S. Babel Tower. New York: Random
House, 1996.
Article in a Magazine
Klein, Joe. “Dizzy Days.” The New Yorker 5
Oct. 1998: 40-45.
Web page
Poland, Dave. “The Hot Button.” Roughcut. 26
Oct. 1998. Turner Network Television. 28
Oct. 1998 <www.roughcut.com>.
Works Cited: Some Examples
13. Purdue University Writing Lab
Works Cited List
A newspaper article
Tommasini, Anthony. “Master Teachers Whose Artistry
Glows in Private.” New York Times 27 Oct. 1998:
B2.
A source with no known author
“Cigarette Sales Fall 30% as California Tax Rises.”
New York Times 14 Sept. 1999: A17.
14. Purdue University Writing Lab
Works Cited List
A TV interview
McGwire, Mark. Interview with Matt Lauer. The Today
Show. NBC. WTHR, Indianapolis. 22 Oct. 1998.
A personal interview
Mellencamp, John. Personal interview. 27 Oct. 1998.
15. Purdue University Writing Lab
What other types of
sources might you
need to list on your
Works Cited page?
Study the basics of
MLA citation format.
When something
odd comes up, look
it up.
Works Cited
16. Purdue University Writing Lab
When Should You Use Parenthetical
Citations?
When quoting any
words that are not your
own
Quoting means to
repeat another source
word for word, using
quotation marks
17. Purdue University Writing Lab
When Should You Use Parenthetical
Citations?
When summarizing facts and ideas
from a source
Summarizing means to take ideas from
a large passage of another source and
condense them, using your own words
When paraphrasing a source
Paraphrasing means to use the ideas
from another source but change the
phrasing into your own words
18. Purdue University Writing Lab
Keys to Parenthetical
Citations
Readability
Keep references brief
Give only information
needed to identify the
source on your Works
Cited page
Do not repeat
unnecessary information
19. Purdue University Writing Lab
Handling Quotes in Your Text
Author’s last name and page
number(s) of quote must appear
in the text
Romantic poetry is characterized
by the “spontaneous overflow of
powerful feelings” (Wordsworth
263).
Wordsworth stated that Romantic
poetry was marked by a
“spontaneous overflow of powerful
feelings” (263).
20. Purdue University Writing Lab
Sometimes more information is necessary
More than one author with the same last name
(W. Wordsworth 23); (D. Wordsworth 224)
More than one work by the same author
(Joyce, Portrait 121); (Joyce, Ulysses 556)
Different volumes of a multivolume work
(1: 336)
Citing indirect sources
(Johnson qtd. in Boswell 2:450)
Handling Parenthetical
Citations
21. Purdue University Writing Lab
Handling Parenthetical
Citations
If the source has no known author, then use an
abbreviated version of the title:
Full Title: “California Cigarette Tax Deters
Smokers”
Citation: (“California” A14)
If the source is only one page in length or is a web
page with no apparent pagination:
Source: Dave Poland’s “Hot Button” web column
Citation: (Poland)
22. Purdue University Writing Lab
Handling Long
Quotations
David becomes identified and defined by James Steerforth, a young
man with whom David is acquainted from his days at Salem House. Before
meeting Steerforth, David accepts Steerforth’s name as an authoritative
power:
There was an old door in this playground, on which the boys had a
custom of carving their names. . . . In my dread of the end of the
vacation and their coming back, I could not read a boy’s name,
without inquiring in what tone and with what emphasis he would read,
“Take care of him. He bites.” There was one boy—a certain J.
Steerforth—who cut his name very deep and very often, who I
conceived, would read it in a rather strong voice, and afterwards pull
my hair. (Dickens 68)
For Steerforth, naming becomes an act of possession, as well as
exploitation. Steerforth names David for his fresh look and innocence, but
also uses the name Daisy to exploit David's romantic tendencies (Dyson
122).
23. Purdue University Writing Lab
There are many different
combinations and
variations within MLA
citation format.
If you run into something
unusual, look it up!
Handling Quotes in Your Text
24. Purdue University Writing Lab
Where can you go for additional help
with MLA documentation?
Purdue University Writing
Lab
Heavilon 226
Grammar Hotline:
(765) 494-3723
Check our web site:
http://owl.english.purdue.edu
Email brief questions:
owl@owl.english.purdue.edu
Purdue University Writing Lab
Key Concepts: This slide allows the facilitator to explain the purposes for using MLA documentation. MLA format provides writers with a system for cross-referencing their sources—from their parenthetical references to their works cited page. This cross-referencing system allows readers to locate the publication information of source material. This is of great value for researchers who may want to locate your sources for their own research projects. The proper use of MLA style also shows the credibility of writers; such writers show accountability to their source material. Most importantly, the use of MLA style can protect writers from accusations of plagiarism—the purposeful or accidental use of source material by other writers without giving appropriate credit. The next slide provides additional information on plagiarism.
Click to reveal each item.
This slide explains the importance of cross-reference your sources.
It may be helpful to discuss this in terms of a community. Writers of research papers enter a community of reseachers by sharing the sources they’ve found.
Using APA properly will allow you to communicate more effectively with other researchers who also use APA. When a style is used consistently, others can easily find where you’ve listed your resources.
This slide explains how using APA can establish your credibility as a researcher.
Key Concepts: Plagiarism is a serious offense in the university system, and may result in punishments ranging from failure of the assignment, failure of the course, or expulsion from school.
There is a handout on OWL about plagiarism and can be found at http://owl.english.purdue.edu/workshops/hypertext/ResearchW/plag.html
Click to reveal each item.
Key Concepts: There are many rules for following MLA format, and the facilitator should stress that it is nearly impossible to memorize them all. Students’ best course of action is to utilize the official MLA handbook or the MLA section in an updated composition textbook as guides for properly using the documentation format. Since the Modern Language Association, a professional group of English and Foreign Language professors and instructors, periodically updates the guide, students should be certain that they are using the most current information possible. The most recent edition of the MLA guide was published in 1999. The MLA web site at www.mla.org also provides some limited information on recent changes to the guide.
There are other resources for finding current information on MLA format. The Purdue University Writing Lab has a printable handout on MLA style at its web site: owl.english.purdue.edu. The web site also provides other links for MLA style information on the web. For quick questions on MLA format, students can also call the Writing Lab Grammar Hotline at 494-3723.
Click to reveal each item.
Rationale: This slide establishes the two areas of MLA documentation, the Works Cited page and parenthetical citations.
Key Concepts: This slide explains the purpose of a works cited page. Students may also understand this to be called the “bibliography” page. The facilitator may stress that each source referenced within the paper should also appear on the works cited page. The works cited page appears at the end of the paper.
Key Concepts: This slide offers students a sample of what a Works Cited page looks like.* For this particular paper, four sources were used. The first and second sources are reprints of earlier published novels, hence the use of the two dates. The second source has three dashed lines in place of the author, Charles Dickens. This is to indicate that the same author wrote both concurrently listed works. The third source is a book published in 1958. Note the abbreviations for “University” and “Press.” The fourth source is an article from a continually paginated journal.
The facilitator may choose to explain the form of this page. Note that “Works Cited” is centered at the top. All sources are double spaced and alphabetized according to author. All lines after the first line of an entry should be indented five spaces. The facilitator may also choose to reference students to the final pages on the Writing Lab MLA handout, which also offers a sample Works Cited.
* From “’I am Born:’ The Birth of Identity in David Copperfield and Bleak House” by Jennifer L. Kunka, Purdue University (unpublished manuscript).
Rationale: This slide shows the basic information needed for entries on the works cited page.
Examples: This slide provides examples of a few commonly used citation formats. The web page example will prove to be the most confusing for students (particularly because MLA just released information on citing web pages). The web page example lists the author’s name (if available), the title of the article in quotation marks, the title of the web site underlined or italicized, the date of publication, the publisher, the date information was accessed by the user, and the web address in brackets. Students may not find all of this information when they look at a web page, particularly the author’s name, the date, and the publisher. The facilitator should remind students that they should list in order the information that they do have.
Click to reveal each example.
Examples: This slide offers examples of citations for a newspaper article and for a source (in this case, a newspaper article) with no author. The facilitator might ask students how to alphabetize a source with no author within a Works Cited page. They should alphabetize according to their next best piece of information--here, the first word of the article, “Cigarette.”
Click to reveal each example.
Examples: Interviews can be tricky to cite on a Works Cited page. The facilitator may wish to remind students to list the name of the person being interviewed first. For the TV interview example, Mark McGuire was interviewed by news anchor Matt Lauer on The Today Show. In the second example, John Mellencamp was interviewed in person by the writer of the paper.
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Activity: This slide allows participants a moment to ask questions of the facilitator. If students are working on a research assignment, they may have specific questions that pertain to their own papers. The facilitator may answer questions using the MLA Handbook or the MLA handout from the Writing Lab.
Key Concepts: The next two slides explain the occasions in which MLA citations will be necessary, as well as explains the differences between quoting, summarizing, and paraphrasing. Students will be most familiar with the need to site for quotations, but the facilitator should stress that if the idea comes from someone else, the source material should be cited.
Key Concepts: This slide explains explains the differences between summarizing and paraphrasing. The facilitator may stress that if the idea comes from someone else, the source material should be cited.
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Key Concepts: This slide emphasizes the need to keep parenthetical citations within a paper brief. The information provided in the body of the paper should be just enough so that a reader could easily cross-reference the citation with its matching entry on the Works Cited page. The following slides give examples of how to use parenthetical references.
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Examples: The two examples in this slide illustrate methods for including parenthetical citations in the text. If the author’s name is listed in the preceding sentence, only the page number of the quotation should appear in the parenthetical citation following the sentence. If the author’s name does not appear within the sentence, the parenthetical citation should include the author’s last name and the page number. In either case, a reader should be able to cross-reference back to the Works Cited page and locate all of the publication information needed to find Wordsworth’s work, in this case an excerpt in an anthology:
Wordsworth, William. Preface to Lyrical Ballads. 1802. Romanticism: An Anthology. Ed. Duncan
Wu. Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell Ltd., 1995. 250-69.
The facilitator may also note that the parenthetical reference is located before the period.
Examples: This slide demonstrates variations on the parenthetical reference. The first example distinguishes a work by William Wordsworth from a book by Dorothy Wordsworth by including the first initial. The second example distinguishes passages from James Joyce’s Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man from his later book, Ulysses. If a work has more than one volume, as in the third example, the citation should include a volume number followed by a colon and the page number. Finally, if the quotation used is quoted within another author’s work, both writers need to be listed in the citation. In the fourth example, the writer used a quote by Samuel Johnson from Boswell’s book (the second volume). Johnson was quoted (qtd.) in Boswell in Volume 2, page 450.
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Examples: This slide provides information about additional variations on the parenthetical reference. The first example demonstrates how to handle sources with no author. In this case, the newspaper article title is listed in quotation marks. If this was the title of a book, however, California would be italicized within the parenthetical reference.
The second example illustrates a citation for a one-page article or a web page. Because the size and number of printed web pages varies greatly from computer to computer, a page number is not a stable reference. Therefore, page numbers are omitted from the reference. The facilitator may also wish to note that the URL/web address should NOT be listed within the body of the paper--only on the Works Cited page.
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Example: This slide illustrates the handling of a long quotation in a paper about Dickens’ David Copperfield, A long quotation is defined by MLA as being longer than four typed lines in the paper. A long quotation requires a special format; it should be indented ten spaces on the left, and the parenthetical citation should go after the period. There are no quotation marks around a long quote because the indention already indicates it as such. Note, however, the quotation marks around “Take care of him. He bites.” These appear just as they do in the book. If this section was reduced to a short quote and placed within the regular body of the paper, those quotation marks should be changed to single quotes. The facilitator should note that everything should be double spaced consistently. The final sentence of the passage is an idea paraphrased from Dyson and is cited with name and page number.
* From “’I am Born:’ The Birth of Identity in David Copperfield and Bleak House” by Jennifer L. Kunka, Purdue University (unpublished manuscript).
Rationale: This slide reminds participants that MLA reference guides should be consulted to answer questions about parenthetical references or Works Cited page entries. At this point, the facilitator may choose to field questions regarding MLA documentation.
Rationale: As the presentation concludes, the facilitator can remind students that they can come to the Writing Lab for extra help with MLA style.
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