Management Information Systems (MIS) support routine operational and tactical decision making. They include Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) that support routine operations and Management Information Systems that provide decision support. MIS can cause terminology confusion as the term refers both to the study of IT in business and to a class of systems. Decision making involves phases like intelligence gathering, design, choice, and implementation. Problems can be structured and addressed by MIS or unstructured and addressed by Decision Support Systems. MIS provide managers with routine information to help with controlling, organizing, and planning. Typical inputs are from TPS and outputs include reports. Functional perspectives of MIS include financial, manufacturing, marketing, transportation, logistics, and human resources.