this presentation highlights the role and need of MIS. it also includes the data flow within databses, datawarehouses and datamarts. It includes the functions of OLAP AND OLTP. It briefs about how data gets converted into information called as data mining. Further sections include different kinds of MIS management levels and managers . Then the outputs of MIS in the form of MIS reports have been illustrated with diagrams. in the later section, MIS and decision making has been discussed in details. concept of SWOT ANALYSIS and Cost benefit analysis has also been described . Structured, Unstructured and semi-structured decisions have also been discussed in detail.
This document summarizes six major information systems: Executive Support System (ESS), Management Information System (MIS), Decision Support System (DSS), Knowledge Management System (KMS), Transaction Processing System (TPS), and Office Automation System (OAS). ESS helps senior executives make strategic decisions. MIS provides reports to support middle management decisions. DSS provides tools to support semi-structured decision making. KMS manages organizational knowledge and experiences. TPS processes business transactions and generates reports. OAS automates office tasks like communication and scheduling.
MIS uses computer technology to process and analyze large amounts of data, quickly search and retrieve information, and communicate information to users in a timely manner. It supports management functions like planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating, and controlling. MIS helps ensure the appropriate data is collected, processed, and distributed to where it is needed. It provides information to support strategic planning, management control, operational control, and transaction processing.
An MIS aims to provide information to support decision making for planning, organizing, and controlling firm operations. It involves collecting, processing, and disseminating data. An MIS includes people, hardware, software, networks, and data. It supports business processes, decision making, and competitive advantage. Common types of IS include transaction processing systems, management information systems, and decision support systems. The success of an IS depends on how well it supports the organization's strategies, business processes, structure, and customer value.
Management information System and its typesAbdul Rehman
Management information System
Difference between MIS and IS
Importance of MIS
Characteristics of MIS
Types of MIS: Expert System, Decision support system, Executive Information System
Decision Support System - Management Information SystemNijaz N
Refers to class of system which supports in the process of decision making and does not always give a decision itself.
Decision Support Systems supply computerized support for the decision making process.
The document discusses how information technology can increase sales and foot traffic in retail outlets located in modern malls in India. It explains that information systems can support business operations, decision making, and competitive advantage. Specifically, it suggests that customer data from loyalty programs can be used for targeted marketing campaigns. Segmenting customers based on past purchases allows retailers to anticipate future purchases and advertise related products to attract more sales and visits to the malls. Suggestions are also made to ensure marketing strategies are tailored to local customers' needs and preferences.
Concepts and components of information systemRohit Kumar
The document discusses concepts related to information systems. It defines a system as having inputs, processing, and outputs. It describes the key components of an information system including people, hardware, software, data, and networks. It also discusses different types of computer systems such as microcomputers, midrange systems, and mainframe systems. Peripherals and storage technologies like semiconductor memory, magnetic disks, tapes, and optical disks are also summarized.
The document provides an introduction to management information systems (MIS). It defines MIS as a computer-based system that presents both internal and external information to support the decision-making process. MIS utilizes hardware, software, and manual procedures to analyze, plan, control, and make decisions. While MIS does not make decisions itself, it assists managers by providing consistent, accurate, timely, and relevant information as an input to the decision-making process. The document also discusses the components, functions, uses, and types of information systems.
This document summarizes six major information systems: Executive Support System (ESS), Management Information System (MIS), Decision Support System (DSS), Knowledge Management System (KMS), Transaction Processing System (TPS), and Office Automation System (OAS). ESS helps senior executives make strategic decisions. MIS provides reports to support middle management decisions. DSS provides tools to support semi-structured decision making. KMS manages organizational knowledge and experiences. TPS processes business transactions and generates reports. OAS automates office tasks like communication and scheduling.
MIS uses computer technology to process and analyze large amounts of data, quickly search and retrieve information, and communicate information to users in a timely manner. It supports management functions like planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating, and controlling. MIS helps ensure the appropriate data is collected, processed, and distributed to where it is needed. It provides information to support strategic planning, management control, operational control, and transaction processing.
An MIS aims to provide information to support decision making for planning, organizing, and controlling firm operations. It involves collecting, processing, and disseminating data. An MIS includes people, hardware, software, networks, and data. It supports business processes, decision making, and competitive advantage. Common types of IS include transaction processing systems, management information systems, and decision support systems. The success of an IS depends on how well it supports the organization's strategies, business processes, structure, and customer value.
Management information System and its typesAbdul Rehman
Management information System
Difference between MIS and IS
Importance of MIS
Characteristics of MIS
Types of MIS: Expert System, Decision support system, Executive Information System
Decision Support System - Management Information SystemNijaz N
Refers to class of system which supports in the process of decision making and does not always give a decision itself.
Decision Support Systems supply computerized support for the decision making process.
The document discusses how information technology can increase sales and foot traffic in retail outlets located in modern malls in India. It explains that information systems can support business operations, decision making, and competitive advantage. Specifically, it suggests that customer data from loyalty programs can be used for targeted marketing campaigns. Segmenting customers based on past purchases allows retailers to anticipate future purchases and advertise related products to attract more sales and visits to the malls. Suggestions are also made to ensure marketing strategies are tailored to local customers' needs and preferences.
Concepts and components of information systemRohit Kumar
The document discusses concepts related to information systems. It defines a system as having inputs, processing, and outputs. It describes the key components of an information system including people, hardware, software, data, and networks. It also discusses different types of computer systems such as microcomputers, midrange systems, and mainframe systems. Peripherals and storage technologies like semiconductor memory, magnetic disks, tapes, and optical disks are also summarized.
The document provides an introduction to management information systems (MIS). It defines MIS as a computer-based system that presents both internal and external information to support the decision-making process. MIS utilizes hardware, software, and manual procedures to analyze, plan, control, and make decisions. While MIS does not make decisions itself, it assists managers by providing consistent, accurate, timely, and relevant information as an input to the decision-making process. The document also discusses the components, functions, uses, and types of information systems.
introduction to management information systems (MIS)Sujan Oli
Management Information Systems
The document discusses management information systems (MIS). It defines MIS as a computer-based system used within an organization to provide information to various levels of management for decision-making. MIS has several key components, including hardware, software, people, data, and communication networks. It collects and processes organizational data and converts it into useful information for managers. The role of MIS is to supply managers with accurate, timely information needed for planning, controlling, and decision-making. An effective MIS is vital for organizational management, operations, and achieving strategic business goals.
The document discusses systems analysis and design. It states that system analysis describes what a system should do to meet user needs, while system design specifies how the system will accomplish this through design activities that produce specifications satisfying requirements developed in analysis. The document then provides details on various aspects of systems analysis, design, feasibility, lifecycles and more.
The document provides an overview of management information systems (MIS). It defines key concepts such as data, information, and systems. It explains that an MIS is a system for collecting, processing, storing, and distributing data to managers within an organization. The main outputs of an MIS are scheduled reports, key indicator reports, demand reports, and exception reports. These help managers monitor performance and make decisions. Overall, the document serves as an introduction to MIS, covering essential elements like the relationship between data, information, and systems.
An information system is composed of people and computers that processes information to help organizations survive and develop through motivation, teamwork, innovation, leadership and decision making. A management information system (MIS) provides managers tools to organize, evaluate and efficiently manage departments by providing past, present and predictive information through software that supports decision making, data resources, decision support, people management and project management. An MIS differs from regular information systems in that its primary objective is analyzing other systems dealing with operational activities and supporting management's planning and control functions.
The document discusses decision making and management information systems. It defines decision making as developing concepts that lead to selecting a course of action from various options. A management information system provides organizations with information to manage themselves efficiently by generating management information for decision makers. It captures, processes, stores, retrieves, and disseminates data and management information to improve decision making and business performance.
Management Information System (MIS) is a planned system of collecting, storing, and disseminating data in the form of information needed to carry out the functions of management. A Management Information System is an information system that evaluates, analyzes, and processes an organization's data to produce meaningful and useful information based on which the management can take right decisions to ensure future growth of the organization.
MIS plays a vital role in organizations, similar to the heart in the body. It helps satisfy diverse needs through systems like query systems and decision support systems. MIS also helps strategic planning, management control, operational control, and transaction processing for junior, middle, and top-level management in communication, problem identification, and decision making.
Strategic information systems are created in response to business initiatives to provide a competitive advantage. They are systems that are developed based on corporate business needs and opportunities. Strategic information systems link business and computer strategies by developing new systems enabled by emerging technologies that can quickly gain competitive advantage.
This document discusses management information systems (MIS) and their role in organizations. It begins by defining MIS as a system that provides managers with information to help with decision making, planning, and control. It then discusses different types of information systems at various levels, including operational, knowledge, management, and strategic levels. Transaction processing systems, management information systems, decision support systems, and executive information systems are described. The document also discusses digital firms and how they leverage various applications and technologies to digitally enable core business functions.
The document discusses various aspects of information systems planning including:
1) It outlines the systems development life cycle and discusses existing systems maintenance, analysis, design, implementation, and improvements.
2) It describes different information systems planning methodologies like Business Systems Planning, Critical Success Factors, and Strategic Information Planning.
3) It discusses the challenges of information systems planning including foreseeing the future, communication challenges, ensuring business-IT alignment, and maintaining system performance.
A transaction processing system (TPS) collects, stores, modifies, and retrieves business transaction data. TPS are designed to efficiently process high volumes of routine transactions like reservations, payments, and account processing. Transactions represent business activities like orders, payments, and invoices. Early systems like SABRE processed thousands of transactions daily. For a system to qualify as a TPS, transactions must pass the ACID test ensuring atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability. Key features of TPS include rapid response, continuous availability, data integrity, and ease of use.
This document discusses a course on management information systems (MIS) presented by graduate students at Mid-Western University in Nepal. It is comprised of six groups that cover various topics relating to the use of MIS in organizations:
1) Integral components of MIS
2) Building customer intimacy through MIS
3) Using MIS for market spacing and digitization
4) The role of MIS in knowledge management
5) Applying MIS to decision-making
6) Outcomes of studying MIS
The document provides an overview of the course and presentations by the student groups on key aspects of using information systems in organizations.
Decision making involves selecting a course of action from various options. Business decision making models include SWOT analysis, buyer decision processes, and cost-benefit analysis. The decision making process involves phases like intelligence gathering, problem definition, alternative identification, choice, and implementation. Management information systems, decision support systems, executive support systems, and group decision support systems can provide information and tools to support decision making. Intelligent techniques like artificial intelligence and expert systems are also used for decision support.
Sub systems of information system - MISSanaRiaz789
This document provides information about various subsystems of a management information system (MIS). It discusses transaction processing systems, management reporting systems, and decision support systems. It describes transaction processing systems as collecting, storing, modifying and retrieving organizational transaction data. Management reporting systems are defined as mechanisms for monitoring organizational goals and metrics over time through periodic, exception, and on-demand reports. Decision support systems are computerized systems that assist with decision making by helping to gather intelligence, generate alternatives, and make choices.
MIS, STRATEGIC ROLE OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS, MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, STRATEGIC ROLE OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS, INFORMATION SYSTEM STRATEGY, CHARACTERISTICS OF INFORMATION SYSTEM STRATEGY, CLASSIFICATION OF STRATEGIC ROLE OF INFORMATION SYSTEM, STRATEGIES TO GAIN COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES,
Management Information System (MIS) provides information to support decision-making and management in an organization. The goals of an MIS include enhancing communication, delivering information efficiently, supporting data collection and analysis, and aiding strategic objectives. An MIS contains interconnected sub-systems that capture, store, process, and distribute data, information and knowledge across different levels and functions of a business. It integrates transaction processing systems, office automation systems, decision support systems and other applications to provide timely, relevant information to management.
Data is raw facts and events that are recorded, information is processed data that is meaningful and relevant, and intelligence emerges from information that has been analyzed and from which conclusions have been drawn. Management information systems process data into useful information reports and dashboards to help managers make effective decisions. There are three main categories of information technology - functional IT that supports tasks, network IT that enables collaboration, and enterprise IT that structures interactions across the organization.
analysis and design of information systemRenu Sharma
Information systems analysis and design involves developing and maintaining computer-based information systems through a system development life cycle (SDLC) with phases like planning, analysis, design, implementation, and maintenance. Analysis involves breaking down a system to understand its components and functionality, while design creates a blueprint for how the system will be developed based on requirements. Key concepts in analysis and design include requirement analysis, abstraction, refinement, modularity, and tools like data flow diagrams and data dictionaries.
Introduction to Management Information System (1).pptxInncentRajput
1. A management information system (MIS) is a planned system that collects, stores, and disseminates data to support management decision-making.
2. An MIS for a pharmaceutical company would incorporate patient and product data to support decision-making regarding medication use, adverse drug reactions, pharmacovigilance, and individualized treatment.
3. The benefits of an MIS for a pharmaceutical company include improved forecasting, better inventory tracking, standardized processes, enhanced supplier collaboration, cost savings, and more data-driven decision-making.
The document provides an overview of management information systems (MIS). It defines key concepts like data, information, systems, and information systems. It also describes different types of information systems like transaction processing systems, decision support systems, and executive information systems. The document outlines the importance of MIS for organizations and discusses how information is processed and converted into useful outputs to support management functions like planning, operations, and control. It also discusses challenges in developing MIS and how web technologies can enhance MIS communication and delivery of information to users.
introduction to management information systems (MIS)Sujan Oli
Management Information Systems
The document discusses management information systems (MIS). It defines MIS as a computer-based system used within an organization to provide information to various levels of management for decision-making. MIS has several key components, including hardware, software, people, data, and communication networks. It collects and processes organizational data and converts it into useful information for managers. The role of MIS is to supply managers with accurate, timely information needed for planning, controlling, and decision-making. An effective MIS is vital for organizational management, operations, and achieving strategic business goals.
The document discusses systems analysis and design. It states that system analysis describes what a system should do to meet user needs, while system design specifies how the system will accomplish this through design activities that produce specifications satisfying requirements developed in analysis. The document then provides details on various aspects of systems analysis, design, feasibility, lifecycles and more.
The document provides an overview of management information systems (MIS). It defines key concepts such as data, information, and systems. It explains that an MIS is a system for collecting, processing, storing, and distributing data to managers within an organization. The main outputs of an MIS are scheduled reports, key indicator reports, demand reports, and exception reports. These help managers monitor performance and make decisions. Overall, the document serves as an introduction to MIS, covering essential elements like the relationship between data, information, and systems.
An information system is composed of people and computers that processes information to help organizations survive and develop through motivation, teamwork, innovation, leadership and decision making. A management information system (MIS) provides managers tools to organize, evaluate and efficiently manage departments by providing past, present and predictive information through software that supports decision making, data resources, decision support, people management and project management. An MIS differs from regular information systems in that its primary objective is analyzing other systems dealing with operational activities and supporting management's planning and control functions.
The document discusses decision making and management information systems. It defines decision making as developing concepts that lead to selecting a course of action from various options. A management information system provides organizations with information to manage themselves efficiently by generating management information for decision makers. It captures, processes, stores, retrieves, and disseminates data and management information to improve decision making and business performance.
Management Information System (MIS) is a planned system of collecting, storing, and disseminating data in the form of information needed to carry out the functions of management. A Management Information System is an information system that evaluates, analyzes, and processes an organization's data to produce meaningful and useful information based on which the management can take right decisions to ensure future growth of the organization.
MIS plays a vital role in organizations, similar to the heart in the body. It helps satisfy diverse needs through systems like query systems and decision support systems. MIS also helps strategic planning, management control, operational control, and transaction processing for junior, middle, and top-level management in communication, problem identification, and decision making.
Strategic information systems are created in response to business initiatives to provide a competitive advantage. They are systems that are developed based on corporate business needs and opportunities. Strategic information systems link business and computer strategies by developing new systems enabled by emerging technologies that can quickly gain competitive advantage.
This document discusses management information systems (MIS) and their role in organizations. It begins by defining MIS as a system that provides managers with information to help with decision making, planning, and control. It then discusses different types of information systems at various levels, including operational, knowledge, management, and strategic levels. Transaction processing systems, management information systems, decision support systems, and executive information systems are described. The document also discusses digital firms and how they leverage various applications and technologies to digitally enable core business functions.
The document discusses various aspects of information systems planning including:
1) It outlines the systems development life cycle and discusses existing systems maintenance, analysis, design, implementation, and improvements.
2) It describes different information systems planning methodologies like Business Systems Planning, Critical Success Factors, and Strategic Information Planning.
3) It discusses the challenges of information systems planning including foreseeing the future, communication challenges, ensuring business-IT alignment, and maintaining system performance.
A transaction processing system (TPS) collects, stores, modifies, and retrieves business transaction data. TPS are designed to efficiently process high volumes of routine transactions like reservations, payments, and account processing. Transactions represent business activities like orders, payments, and invoices. Early systems like SABRE processed thousands of transactions daily. For a system to qualify as a TPS, transactions must pass the ACID test ensuring atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability. Key features of TPS include rapid response, continuous availability, data integrity, and ease of use.
This document discusses a course on management information systems (MIS) presented by graduate students at Mid-Western University in Nepal. It is comprised of six groups that cover various topics relating to the use of MIS in organizations:
1) Integral components of MIS
2) Building customer intimacy through MIS
3) Using MIS for market spacing and digitization
4) The role of MIS in knowledge management
5) Applying MIS to decision-making
6) Outcomes of studying MIS
The document provides an overview of the course and presentations by the student groups on key aspects of using information systems in organizations.
Decision making involves selecting a course of action from various options. Business decision making models include SWOT analysis, buyer decision processes, and cost-benefit analysis. The decision making process involves phases like intelligence gathering, problem definition, alternative identification, choice, and implementation. Management information systems, decision support systems, executive support systems, and group decision support systems can provide information and tools to support decision making. Intelligent techniques like artificial intelligence and expert systems are also used for decision support.
Sub systems of information system - MISSanaRiaz789
This document provides information about various subsystems of a management information system (MIS). It discusses transaction processing systems, management reporting systems, and decision support systems. It describes transaction processing systems as collecting, storing, modifying and retrieving organizational transaction data. Management reporting systems are defined as mechanisms for monitoring organizational goals and metrics over time through periodic, exception, and on-demand reports. Decision support systems are computerized systems that assist with decision making by helping to gather intelligence, generate alternatives, and make choices.
MIS, STRATEGIC ROLE OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS, MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, STRATEGIC ROLE OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS, INFORMATION SYSTEM STRATEGY, CHARACTERISTICS OF INFORMATION SYSTEM STRATEGY, CLASSIFICATION OF STRATEGIC ROLE OF INFORMATION SYSTEM, STRATEGIES TO GAIN COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES,
Management Information System (MIS) provides information to support decision-making and management in an organization. The goals of an MIS include enhancing communication, delivering information efficiently, supporting data collection and analysis, and aiding strategic objectives. An MIS contains interconnected sub-systems that capture, store, process, and distribute data, information and knowledge across different levels and functions of a business. It integrates transaction processing systems, office automation systems, decision support systems and other applications to provide timely, relevant information to management.
Data is raw facts and events that are recorded, information is processed data that is meaningful and relevant, and intelligence emerges from information that has been analyzed and from which conclusions have been drawn. Management information systems process data into useful information reports and dashboards to help managers make effective decisions. There are three main categories of information technology - functional IT that supports tasks, network IT that enables collaboration, and enterprise IT that structures interactions across the organization.
analysis and design of information systemRenu Sharma
Information systems analysis and design involves developing and maintaining computer-based information systems through a system development life cycle (SDLC) with phases like planning, analysis, design, implementation, and maintenance. Analysis involves breaking down a system to understand its components and functionality, while design creates a blueprint for how the system will be developed based on requirements. Key concepts in analysis and design include requirement analysis, abstraction, refinement, modularity, and tools like data flow diagrams and data dictionaries.
Introduction to Management Information System (1).pptxInncentRajput
1. A management information system (MIS) is a planned system that collects, stores, and disseminates data to support management decision-making.
2. An MIS for a pharmaceutical company would incorporate patient and product data to support decision-making regarding medication use, adverse drug reactions, pharmacovigilance, and individualized treatment.
3. The benefits of an MIS for a pharmaceutical company include improved forecasting, better inventory tracking, standardized processes, enhanced supplier collaboration, cost savings, and more data-driven decision-making.
The document provides an overview of management information systems (MIS). It defines key concepts like data, information, systems, and information systems. It also describes different types of information systems like transaction processing systems, decision support systems, and executive information systems. The document outlines the importance of MIS for organizations and discusses how information is processed and converted into useful outputs to support management functions like planning, operations, and control. It also discusses challenges in developing MIS and how web technologies can enhance MIS communication and delivery of information to users.
Management information systems (MIS) provide information to support management decision-making. MIS has several key components, including computer hardware and software, databases, human resources, and communication networks. There are different types of MIS that support various management functions such as transaction processing, operations, and decision-making. MIS provides timely, accurate, consistent, and relevant information to managers in order to improve efficiency, expedite problem-solving, and gain a competitive advantage.
1. The document discusses Management Information Systems (MIS), defining it as a system that provides information to various levels of management in an organization.
2. MIS involves technology, information, and people to analyze information systems and provide data to support strategic planning, management control, operational control, and transaction processing.
3. The key components of an MIS include people, business processes, data, hardware, and software working together to achieve business objectives by processing transactions, generating reports, and providing decision support.
Management Information System: Introduction and OverviewKrutiBhatt11
Management Information System is a key contributor towards managing and using data for achieving business goals. Companies are preparing different software to manage functional and non functional data.
Management Information Systems (MIS) are integrated systems that provide information to support decision-making and operations management in organizations. An MIS captures, processes, stores, and disseminates data to support decision-making at all levels of management. It uses a systems approach and focuses on meeting the information needs of managers. Characteristics of an effective MIS include being management-oriented, need-based, integrated, and future-oriented. An MIS helps improve decision-making, coordination, efficiency, and strategic planning.
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMANAGEMENT
Management Information Systems (MIS) is the study of people, technology, organizations and the relationships among them. MIS professionals help firms realize maximum benefit from investment in personnel, equipment, and business processes by creating information systems for data management and meeting the needs of managers, staff and customers. A management information system gives managers the information they need to make efficient and effective decisions by collecting, processing, storing and disseminating data.
basic concept ,Introduction,Objective and Role of Mis DrRupaliPawan
This document provides an overview of Management Information Systems (MIS). It defines MIS as an integrated user-machine system that provides information to support operations, management, analysis, and decision-making in an organization. The document outlines the objectives of MIS as capturing data, processing data, storing information, retrieving information, and propagating information. It also discusses the role of MIS in decision-making, coordination, problem-finding, performance comparison, and strategic development. Finally, it briefly touches on the growth, development process, and factors responsible for the development of MIS over time.
An information system consists of people, processes, technology, and data that work together to provide relevant information to organizational decision makers. It collects, stores, and disseminates data to support functions like transaction processing, decision making, executive reporting, and management. The main components of an information system are hardware, software, databases, networks, and people. A management information system is a type of information system that provides processed data to managers in an organization to help with planning, control, and decision making.
1-Management Information Systems documentation.pdfSayaBigstone
The document provides an overview of management information systems (MIS). It begins with defining MIS as a system or process that provides managers with information to effectively manage an organization. It discusses the goals of MIS, including enhancing communication, delivering information, supporting record keeping, and reducing costs. Examples of MIS are provided such as banking, railways, and educational systems. The document also includes sections on the use of MIS, frameworks of MIS in organizations, and major types of information systems such as decision support systems and transaction processing systems.
Management Information System by Ravi KumudeshRavi Kumudesh
1) Management information systems (MIS) provide managers with information to support decision making and provide feedback on daily operations. MIS integrate subsystems along functional lines to provide standardized reports from stored transaction data.
2) Data is raw facts while information is data with context and meaning derived from manipulating data. Computer-based information systems take in data, process it, and output useful information.
3) MIS benefit organizations by providing the right information to the right people at the right time to help achieve goals and identify problems or opportunities for improvement.
Management Information System by Ravi KumudeshRavi Kumudesh
1) Management information systems (MIS) provide managers with information to support decision making and provide feedback on daily operations. MIS integrate subsystems along functional lines to provide standardized reports from stored transaction data.
2) Data is raw facts while information is data with context and meaning derived from manipulating data. Computer-based information systems take data as input, process it, and produce informative output.
3) MIS benefit organizations by providing the right information to the right people at the right time to help achieve goals and identify problems and opportunities for improvement.
Management information system by ravi kumudeshRavi Kumudesh
1) Management information systems (MIS) provide managers with information to support decision making and provide feedback on daily operations. MIS integrate subsystems along functional lines to provide standardized reports from stored transaction data.
2) Data is raw facts while information is data with context and meaning derived from manipulating data. Computer-based information systems take data as input, process it, and produce informative output.
3) MIS benefit organizations by providing the right information to the right people at the right time to help achieve goals and identify problems and opportunities for improvement.
Management Information System by Ravi KumudeshRavi Kumudesh
1) Management information systems (MIS) provide managers with information to support decision making and provide feedback on daily operations. MIS integrate subsystems along functional lines to provide standardized reports from stored transaction data.
2) Data is raw facts while information is data placed in context. Computer-based information systems take data as input, process it, and produce informative output.
3) MIS benefit organizations by providing the right information to the right people at the right time to help achieve goals and identify problems and opportunities for improvement.
This document provides an overview of management information systems (MIS). It defines MIS as a combination of computer technology, procedures, and people used to provide information to help make decisions and manage a firm. It then discusses various types of information systems like transaction processing systems, management information systems, decision support systems, executive support systems, knowledge management systems, and new computing environments. It also covers information architecture, electronic commerce systems, and key issues in managing information systems.
The document provides an overview of management information systems (MIS). It defines MIS as a formalized computer information system that integrates data from various sources to provide information to support management decision-making. The document discusses the components, characteristics, functions, role, outputs and benefits of an MIS. It also explains how computers are essential for realizing an MIS and lists some common types of MIS like transaction processing systems and decision support systems.
The document discusses Management Information Systems (MIS) and Decision Support Systems (DSS). It defines MIS as a system that provides information to support management decision making and operations. It defines DSS as a specialized MIS designed to support executives at all stages of decision making. DSS helps executives identify problems, select relevant data, evaluate alternatives, and make efficient, effective and economic decisions. The document outlines the key components, characteristics, types and role of DSS in providing support for semi-structured and unstructured management decisions.
This document discusses management information systems and key concepts related to information and data. It defines information systems as formal, sociotechnical systems designed to collect, process, store, and distribute information. It also outlines various types of information systems used in business including transaction processing systems, management information systems, decision support systems, executive support systems, office automation systems, and business expert systems. Finally, it discusses the objectives and characteristics of management information systems.
Management Information System (MIS) is a computer-based system that processes data into information to support operations, management, and decision-making across departments in an organization. MIS provides managers with tools to organize, evaluate, and efficiently manage their departments. It integrates hardware, software, data, people, and procedures to facilitate planning, control, and decision-making in an organization. An effective MIS focuses on products, customers, costs, marketing, and risks to make information available for strategic decision-making.
Similar to Unit 1 Introduction to MIS, MIS & Data Mining , MIS & Decision Making (20)
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptxKavitha Krishnan
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
Unit 1 Introduction to MIS, MIS & Data Mining , MIS & Decision Making
1. Unit-1 : Introduction to MIS
Presented By: Asmita Singh
(Assistant Prof. ,Visiting Faculty,
Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agriculture
University, Bikaner)
1
2. List of Contents
• Information & Data
• Data Mining
Concept of Databases, Data-Warehouse & Data-Marts
Types of Information & its Characteristics
System
• MIS: Definition & Concept
• Components of Information System
• Types of Information System
• Need of MIS
• Role of MIS
• Outputs of MIS : MIS Reports
• MIS & Decision Making
• Decision making in Business Mgmt : SWOT Analysis
Cost Benefit Analysis
• Herbert Simon Model of Decision Making
• Types of Decisions- Structured
Semi- Structured
Un-Structured
2
3. Information is critical
“The information we have is not what we want, The
information we want is not the information we need, The
information we need is not available”.
3
4. Information is a Resource
• It is scarce
• It has a cost
• It has alternative uses
• There is an opportunity cost factor involved if one does not
process information
4
5. Why need Information?
To ensure effective and efficient decision - leading
to prosperity of the
Organization.
5
6. Data and Information
• Data
• A “given,” or fact; a number, a statement, or an image
• Represents something (quantities, actions and objects) in the real
world
• The raw materials in the production of information
• Information
• Data that have meaning within a context
• Data that has been processed into a form that is meaningful to the
recipient and is of real or perceived value in the current or in the
prospective actions or decisions of the recipient.
Data Manipulation
Example: customer survey
• Reading through data collected from a customer survey with
questions in various categories would be time-consuming and not
very helpful.
• When manipulated, the surveys may provide useful information.
6
8. Database, Data-Warehouse & Data Marts
• Database: Database is a management system for your data and
anything related to those data.
• It is like a giant library of excel files. Each excel file is a table in a
database. You have a library of excel files, that entire library is
called a database.
OLTP
8
9. Data Warehouse : It is a centralized repository that includes
data from multiple, heterogeneous databases , integrated at a
single site.
• A data warehouse stores data that is extracted from multiple
data stores or databases and external sources.
• Data warehousing involves data cleaning & data integration
OLTP OLAP
9
10. • Data Mart: It is a subset of data warehouse. A data mart is a
repository of data that is designed to serve a particular
community of knowledge workers.
• Data marts enable users to retrieve information for single
departments or subjects, improving the user response time
• A data mart is basically a condensed and more focused version
of a data warehouse that reflects the regulations and process
specifications of each business unit within an organization.
• Each data mart is dedicated to a specific business function or
region. Used to retrieve client-facing data.
10
13. Classification by Application :
• Planning Information : Info needed for establishing standard norms and
specifications in an organization. This information is used in strategic,
tactical, and operation planning of any activity.
• Control Information: This information is needed for establishing control over
all business activities through feedback mechanism.
• Knowledge Information: Knowledge is defined as "information about
information". Knowledge information is acquired through experience and
learning, and collected from archival data and research studies.
13
14. • Strategic Information − Strategic information is concerned
with long term policy decisions that defines the objectives of a
business and checks how well these objectives are met. For
example, acquiring a new plant, a new product, diversification
of business etc, comes under strategic information.
• Tactical Information − Tactical information is concerned with
the information needed for exercising control over business
resources, like budgeting, quality control, service level,
inventory level, productivity level etc.
• Operational Information − Operational information is
concerned with plant/business level information and is used
to ensure proper conduction of specific operational tasks as
planned/intended. Various operator specific, machine specific
and shift specific jobs for quality control checks comes under
this category.
14
16. System
System: A set of components that work together to achieve a
common goal. Computer-based Information Systems take data as
raw material, process it, and produce information as output.
16
17. MIS : Definition
“Computerised business processing system generating
information for the people in the organisation to meet the
needs for decision making to achieve corporate objectives of
the organisation” .
• Integrated system for man & machine for providing information support to
operations, management & decision making.
• System based on database of organisation evolved for the purpose of
providing information to the people of organisation.
• MIS : “To the People, For the People , By the People” 17
18. Meaning Of Information
Systems
• An information system is an organized combination of
people, hardware, software, communications Networks
and data resources that collects, transforms, and
disseminates information in an organization.
18
19. MIS: Concept
• The concept of MIS is to process data from the organisation and
to present it in the form of reports at regular intervals.
• MIS gives information through data analysis & the analysis
relies on many academic disciplines.
• Theories , principles & concepts from Management science,
Management accounting, Operations Research, Engineering etc.
• These principles are used in designing the MIS for any organisation.
The concept is a blend of principles, theories & practices
of management , Information & Systems giving rise to
single product “MIS” 19
25. • Operational-level systems support operational managers
by keeping track of the elementary activities and
transactions of the organization, such as sales, receipts,
cash deposits, payroll, credit decisions, and the flow of
materials in a factory.
• Management-level systems serve the monitoring,
controlling, decision-making, and administrative
activities of middle managers. The principal question
addressed by such systems is this: Are things working
well?
• Strategic-level systems help senior management tackle
and address strategic issues and long-term trends, both
in the firm and in the external environment. 25
26. Need of MIS
❖ To handle voluminous data
❖Complex processing of data and multidimensional analysis
(OLAP-Online Analytical Processing).
❖Quick search & retrieval.
❖Mass storage
❖Fulfilling the dynamic needs of people & organisation.
❖Increasing impact of information processing for organizational
decision making.
❖Dependency of services sector including banking, financial
organization, health care, entertainment, tourism and travel,
education and numerous others on information.
❖Changing employment scene world over, shifting base from
manual agricultural to machine-based manufacturing and
other industry related jobs. 26
27. ❖Information revolution and the overall development
scenario.
❖Growth of IT industry and its strategic importance.
❖Strong growth of information services fuelled by
increasing competition and reduced product life cycle.
❖Need for sustainable development and quality life.
❖Improvement in communication and transportation
brought in by use of information processing.
27
28. Role of MIS
• The role of MIS in an organization can be compared to
the role of heart in the body.
• The information is the blood and MIS is the heart. In the
body the heart plays the role of supplying pure blood to
all the elements of the body including the brain.
• The MIS plays exactly the same role in the organization.
• The system ensures that an appropriate data is collected
from the various sources, processed, and sent further to
all the needy destinations.
28
29. • The system is expected to fulfill the information needs of
an individual, a group of individuals, the management
functionaries: the managers and the top management.
• The MIS satisfies the diverse needs through a variety of
systems such as Query Systems, Analysis Systems,
Modeling Systems and Decision Support Systems.
• The MIS helps in Strategic Planning, Management
Control, Operational Control and Transaction Processing.
29
30. Outputs of MIS: MIS Reports
1. Scheduled reports
These are reports that are generated regularly with respect to time.
They are in the nature of daily report, weekly report or monthly
report. They contain information that is of recent origin and help the
manager to understand and analyze the information from the context
of the recent past. These reports are the first line of reports which
normally show the first signs of problems or opportunities that can be
understood through the data.
30
31. 2. On-demand reports
These types of reports are unscheduled in nature and are created
based on the need of the managers for such reports. They help in
analyzing a particular issue in greater degree of granularity. These
reports are generally the result of a reaction to any event. These
reports give certain information at a manager’s request
31
32. 3. Exception reports
In management, exceptions warrant greater attention than any
normal event. Exception reports are special reports that indicate to
the manager that some control needs to be exercised to bring an
issue under control. For example, if in a company the average
absenteeism is two per cent and in the last week, the average
absenteeism is twenty percent then an exception report is generated
to make the concerned manager aware that something is amiss and
needs attention. Exception report which is automatically produced
when a situation is unusual or requires management action.
32
33. 4. Key-indicator report which summarizes the previous day’s critical activities
and also it is typically available at the beginning of each day.
5. Predictive reports
These are special reports that give the manager a sneak preview of the future.
These reports give a scenario of the future and are very useful for planning.
6. Summary reports
These are general reports that aggregates data and provides summarized
information to the manager so that he may get a macro view of an issue.
33
35. DECISION MAKING
Decision making
• Developing concepts leading to the selection of a course of action
among variations. Every decision making process produces a final
choice.
• It can be an action or an opinion. It begins when we need to do
something but we do not know what
• e.g. Decision to raise a Purchase Order
Decision making in business and management :
Several decision making models or practices for business include:
1. SWOT Analysis
2. Cost-Benefit Analysis
36. SWOT Analysis
SWOT Analysis is a useful technique for understanding
your Strengths and Weaknesses, and for identifying
both the Opportunities open to you and the Threats
you face.
36
37. Business SWOT Analysis
• What makes SWOT particularly powerful is that, with a
little thought, it can help you uncover opportunities that
you are well-placed to exploit. And by understanding the
weaknesses of your business, you can manage and
eliminate threats that would otherwise catch you
unawares.
• By looking at yourself and your competitors using the
SWOT framework, you can start to craft a strategy that
helps you distinguish yourself from your competitors, so
that you can compete successfully in your market.
37
38. How to Do a SWOT Analysis ?
• You can use it in two ways – as a simple icebreaker helping
people get together to "kick off" strategy formulation, or in a
more sophisticated way as a serious strategy tool.
Tip: Strengths and weaknesses are often internal to your
organization, while opportunities and threats generally relate to
external factors. For this reason, SWOT is sometimes called
Internal-External Analysis and the SWOT Matrix is sometimes
called an IE Matrix.
38
39. The Cost-Benefit Analysis Process
• The first step in the process is to compile a
comprehensive list of all the costs and benefits
associated with the project or decision.
• Costs should include direct and indirect costs, intangible
costs, opportunity costs, and the cost of potential risks.
• Benefits should include all direct and indirect revenues
and intangible benefits, such as increased production
from improved employee safety and morale, or
increased sales from customer goodwill.
39
40. • The analyst should then apply a common unit of monetary
measurement to all items on the list, taking special care not
to underestimate costs or overestimate benefits.
• A conservative approach with a conscious effort to avoid
any subjective tendencies when calculating estimates is
best suited when assigning a value to both costs and
benefits for a cost-benefit analysis.
40
41. • The final step is to compare the results of the aggregate costs
and benefits quantitatively to determine if the benefits
outweigh the costs.
• If so, then the rational decision is to go forward with the
project. If not, the business should review of the project to see
if it can make adjustments to either increase benefits or
decrease costs to make the project viable. Otherwise, the
company may abandon the project.
41
42. Herbert Simon Model of Decision
Making
42
• Intelligence which deals with the
problem identification and the data
collection on the problem.
• Design which deals with the
generation of alternative solutions
to the problem at hand.
• Choice which is selecting the 'best'
solution from amongst the
alternative solutions using some
criterion
43. • Intelligence
• Problem Identification & Formulation
• Information gathering
• Design
• Alternatives identified and assessed
• Choice
• Choosing the best alternative
43
44. Types of Decisions
• Unstructured/ Non-programmed :Unstructured decision rely
on knowledge and/or expertise and often require data ,
human judgement and models to solve .
• Structured/ Programmed : Structured decisions have a well
defined methodology for finding a solution and have the data
to reach a decisions. They are usually straight forward and
made on a regular basis.
• Semi-structured : A semi structured decision has some, but
not all, structured phases where standardized procedures may
be used in combination with individual judgment.
46. S.No. Structured Unstructured
1. These kind of decisions are taken by
Operational-level managers.
These kind of decisions are taken by
Strategic-level managers.
2. Structured decisions are made in the
situations which are fully understood
Unstructured decisions the situations
are uncertain and unclear.
3. Structured decisions are generally
made for routine tasks, for instance
the hiring of new IT specialists in a
firm
Unstructured decisions are made for a
sudden one-shot kind of situations, for
instance, dealing with a labor strike in
a factory
4. They are usually straight forward and
made on a regular basis.
Unstructured decision rely on
knowledge and/or expertise and often
require data and models to solve
5. Decision-making phase have
standardized procedures, clear
objectives & clearly specified input
and output. There exists a procedure
for arriving at the best solution.
An unstructured decision is one where
not all of the decision-making phases
are structured and human intuition
plays an important role. 46