Understand your role in a system better,and it helps in gaining the competitive advantage & enriching quality through a various models

1. Ms.Vidhi Sood
Assistant Professor -
IT
Information Systems

2. Objectives
Importance of information systems
4 levels of users (filtering info)
Information system types
Different decision types

3. Why?
Understand your role in a system better
Know what systems are available to you
Be a better user to the IT group
Make good IT management decisions
Info Systems cost A LOT of money

4. The Competitive Advantage -
GOOD
Access to a world market
Improve quality
Aid employee communication
Reduce costs
Increase productivity
Improve company morale
Serendipitous
Surfing:
Politics

5. Cost, Risk, and Change - BAD
IT solutions can be
expensive and time
consuming
Element of risk in the
implantation of IT
Implementing IT means
change

6. Information Quality
QualityQuality
AccessibilityAccessibility
CompletenessCompleteness
TimelinessTimeliness
Relevance (Information overload)Relevance (Information overload)

7. Business System Model
Strategic ManagementStrategic Management
Tactical ManagementTactical Management
Operational ManagementOperational Management
PlanPlan
OrganizeOrganize
LeadLead
ControlControl
Clerical LevelClerical Level
ResourcesResourcesResourcesResources FunctionsFunctionsFunctionsFunctions ProductsProducts
&&
ServicesServices
ProductsProducts
&&
ServicesServices
Employees Managers Government Customers Stockholders
Financial
Institutions
Colleges/
agencies
Media

8. Filtering Information
Clerical Level (Transaction Handling)
Operational Level (Exception Reports)
Tactical Level (What-if Reports)
Strategic Level (One-time Reports, What-if
Reports or Trend Analyses)
Clerical Level (Transaction Handling)
Operational Level (Exception Reports)
Tactical Level (What-if Reports)
Strategic Level (One-time Reports, What-if
Reports or Trend Analyses)
The right information
- the right decision maker
- the right time - the right form.

9. Making Decisions
Programmed
Decisions
Information-Based
Decisions
Well-Defined ProblemWell-Defined Problem
Unstructured ProblemUnstructured Problem

10. What Can Info System Do?
Retrieve
Record
Update
Summarize
Select
Manipulate
Processing
Hard copy
Soft copy
Control
Output
Data
Text
Images
Other digital
information
StorageInput
 Source DataSource Data
 InquiryInquiry
 Response toResponse to
promptprompt
 InstructionInstruction
 MessageMessage
 ChangeChange

11. Information System Types
Manual system
No hardware
No software

12. Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)
Activities:
Transaction handling
 Record-keeping
Action documents
Scheduled reports
Primarily support:
Clerical personnel
Operational-level managers
Inflexible
MIS
DSS
EIS

13. MIS Features
MIS offers greater flexibility
MIS integrates the information flow
MIS caters to information needs of all management
levels
MIS are more timely and have online inquiry capabilities
Boosts system security
Management focused reports
MIS uses an integrated database

14. MIS In Action-Examples of MIS
AirlineAirline
ReservationReservation
SystemSystem
(also,(also,
InventoryInventory
Control)Control)

15. Decisions Support Systems
interactive
integrated set of
hardware and software
tools
produce information to
support decision-making
process

16. DSS vs. MIS
MIS:
structured
problems
designed to support
a set of applications
DSS:
semistructured
and
unstructured
problems
can be
adapted to
any decision
environment

17. DSS Characteristics
Helps decision maker
Semistructured & unstructured problems
Most effective for tactical & strategic management levels
Interactive and user-friendly; little IT help needed
more. . .

18. DSS Characteristics
Uses models, simulations, & analytical tools
Readily adaptable to any decision
environment
Interacts with a corporate database
Not used for pre-established production
schedule
Often makes helpful charts
EX: Forecasting; Chase MIS statistics
warehouse analysis

19. Expert Systems
 An Expert System is an interactive
system
 Responds to questions
 Asks for clarification
 Makes recommendations
 Helps the user in the decision-making
process
 Simulates human thought process
 Reasons, draws inferences & makes
judgments (heuristic knowledge)
 Information acquired from live domain
experts
 Highest form of knowledge-based
systems, not an assistant system

20. Expert System Example
Printer - Replace technical support people
Diagnosis help (you relate symptoms and it asks for
more info)
Assistant system (call center; life ins quotes)
Knowledge base contains
Means of identifying problem
Possible solutions
How to progress from problem to solution

21. INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Manual
Data Processing – Filing cabinet
MIS – Timely inquiries, focused reports
DSS – interpret unstructured facts, what if
Expert Systems – move user through process
Intelligent Agents – event triggers

22. Thank You