The document discusses earthquake resistant building design techniques. It begins by defining earthquakes and explaining seismology, the study of seismic waves. It then discusses different types of ground shaking caused by earthquakes like shaking, landslides, and liquefaction. It introduces earthquake zones and describes earthquake resistant design as designing buildings to resist seismic forces. Popular techniques discussed include shear walls, bracing, seismic dampers, isolation, bands, and rollers. Specific techniques like shear walls, bracing, dampers, base isolation, horizontal bands, and expansion joints are explained. Suggestions for earthquake resistant design and construction are provided.

1. Govt Engineering College Banswara
Submitted to:-
Department of civil engineering.
Submitted by :-
 Tejprakash Kumawat
Earthquake resistant design
A
Presentation on

2. What is Earthquake?
 They are natural disasters of a genrally unpredictable
nature.
 sudden movement - surface of the earth - may be tiny or
several feet.
 A sudden, and rapid shaking of earth caused by the
breaking and shifting of rocks beneath the earth surface.

4. Seismology
When earthquakes occur, waves travel in Earth in form
of vibrations, such waves are called Seismic Waves.
Study of such waves - Seismology.
Instrument measuring seismic waves - Seismometer.
Graphs given by that seismometer - Seismic Graph.

5.  Shaking
Ground moves in the same place
 Land slides
Ground is moved to some another place
 Liquifaction
Strength of the ground is reduced
causing buildings to sink

6. Zone of earthquake

7. Earthquake resistant designs
Design - it is analysis of forces - buildings due to loads acting on it.
If a building is enough to resist the earthquake, then such building is called
Earthquake resistant structure.
Such design is called Earthquake resistant designs
7

8. Popular Earthquake resistant Techniques
 Shear walls
 Bracing
Seismic Dampers
Isolation
Bands
 Rollers
Light weight material
Others

9.  Vetically oriented wide beams
 It carries sesmic loads down to the bottom of
foundation
 Provides large strength and stiffness to
buildings.
 Thickness generally varies from 150 mm to
450 mm in high rise buildings.
Shearwall

11. 11
March 3, 1985 Earthquake (Chile) Shear Wall performed very well

12. Bracing
Link Beams
Diagonal Cross Chevron Eccentric

14. Cross Bracing

15. 15

16. Viscous dampers
Reduce the vibrations by fluid action
Friction dampers
Reduce the vibrations by rubbing action b/w
surfaces
Types of dampers
 Tuned mass dampers
Reduce the vibrations by harmonic action

19. BASE ISOLATION
 Base isolated by a series of bearing pads which are placed between building and
building foundation
 Lead rubber bearing is sandwiched between two steel plates
Reduce the building acceleration by ¼
the acceleration of fixed base building
Acceleration decreased because the base
isolation system lengthens the building's
period of vibration.
Rubber is highly elastic so reduce the damage
Converts the kinetic energy as heat

23. Horizontal bands

28. Increase In Seismic Performance
• Quality Control in Construction.

29. ★ The building should have a simple rectangular plan.
★ Long walls should be supported by Reinforced Concrete columns
★ Large buildings having plans with shapes like T, L, U and X should preferably be
separated into rectangular blocks by providing gaps in between.

31. Earthquake resistant expansion
joint(ERJ)

32. Waste Tire pads

33. Waste Tirs Pads

34. Suggestions
 Avoid weak column and strong beam design
 Provide thick slab which will help as a rigid diaphragm
 Provide cross walls which will stiffen the structures
 Provide shear walls in a symmetrical fashion
Increase in the transverse (Shear) reinforcement.
 Horizontal lintel band should be provided
 Revision/ updation of building code of INDIA
 The building must be regular and symmetrical in shape
 Reinforcing bars should be provided at the corners and the junctions of the walls