This document discusses techniques for making buildings earthquake resistant. It covers base isolation, which involves supporting a building on bearing pads to allow flexibility during earthquakes. It also discusses energy dissipation devices like friction dampers, metallic dampers, and viscoelastic dampers that can absorb seismic energy. The document provides details on how each technique works and their advantages, such as reducing displacement and maintaining structural performance during earthquakes. It concludes that base isolation and friction dampers are commonly used techniques for earthquake-resistant construction.

1. EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT BUILDING
Presented by: Kadtare Gouri Satej

2. Contents
1. Introduction to Earthquake
2. Earthquake resistant design
3. Advanced techniques of earthquake resistant design &
construction
4. Base isolation
5. Earthquake generated forces
6. Deformation and damages
7. Response of base isolation
8. Basic requirements of isolation
9. Advantages of isolation
10. Energy dissipation devices
11. Friction dampers
12. Metallic dampers
13. Viscoelastic dampers
14. Conclusion
15. References

3. EARTHQUAKE
It is a wavelike motion generated under the surface of earth
traveling through earth’s crust.
One of the greatest hazards of life and property.
This is release of energy generated by sudden dislocation of
segments of crust.

4. EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT DESIGN
 Providing the building with strength, stiffness & inelastic
deformation capacity
 Reducing the earthquake generated forces acting upon
building
 Selection of appropriate structural configuration & careful
detailing of structural members

5. ADVANCED TECHNIQUES OF EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT
DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION
Base Isolation
Energy Dissipation Devices

6. BASE ISOLATION
 Supported by a series of bearing pads
The base is very stiff & strong in vertical direction, but
flexible in horizontal direction.
Fig. 1

7.  Earthquake Generated Forces
• The ground beneath each building begins to move.
• In fig. 2 the earthquake generated forces are towards left due
to which each building responds with a moment towards
right.
• This motion is actually due to Inertia.

8. Fig no.2

9.  Deformation & Damages
• The un-isolated building is also shown to be changing it’s shape.
• The primary cause of earthquake damage to buildings is the
deformation which the building undergoes as a result of the
inertial forces acting upon it.

10.  Response of base isolated building
• Even though it is too displacing the building remain it’s
original.
• The lead-rubber bearing that supporting the building are
deformed.
• The inertial forces acting on the base isolated building have
been reduced.
• Isolated building in earthquake have been shown to reduce
the building acceleration to as little as ¼ of comparable of
fixed base buildings.

11. • Acceleration is reduced due to base isolation system lengthens
the building’s period of vibration.
• Longer the period of vibration reduction in vibration
• The rubber isolated bearings does not suffers any damage.

12.  Basic Requirements of isolation system
 Flexibility
 Damping
 Resistance to vertical and other loads

13. Advantages of base isolation
 Less displacement during earthquake
 Improve safety of structure
 Maintaining performance of structure
 Enhances performance of building

14. ENERGY DISSIPATION DEVICES
• A certain amount of vibration energy is transferred to the
building by earthquake ground motion.
• Buildings do posses an inherent ability to dissipate this energy.
• The capacity of building to dissipate energy is quite limited.
• The building will dissipate energy either by undergoing large
scale movements in elements such as columns beams etc.
• So by equipping building with additional devices which have
high damping capacity we can decrease seismic energy.

15. • The damping devices are grouped in to 3 categories -
o Friction Dampers
o Metallic Dampers
o Viscoelastic Dampers

16. 1.Friction Dampers
 Made up of set of steel plates with slotted holes
 At high enough forces the plates can slide over
each other creating friction
 These are specially Treated to increase friction
between them.
 Less costly

17. FRICTION DAMPERS
Types-
• Pall Friction damper
• PVD Friction Damper

18. Fig.3 Pall Friction Damper

19. PVD SYSTEM

20. 2.Metallic Dampers
 Usually made up of steel
 Designed to deform so much when building
vibrates
 It uses some of earthquake energy which goes in
to building

21. Fig.4

22. 3.Viscoelastic Dampers
 Viscoelastic dampers dissipates earthquake energy
by converting the buildings mechanical energy in to
heat.
 Basically Silicon paste is used as viscous material

23. Fig.5

24. CONCLUSION
 The hazardous effects of earthquake on buildings
can be reduced using proper techniques.
 Base isolation and Friction dampers are the mostly
used techniques of earthquake resistant
construction.
 Viscoelastic Dampers are used for commertial
buildings.

25. REFERENCES
Earthquake resistant structure Wikipedia
Paper published by B. Samali in November
1995, vol. 17(9):639-654, doi:10.1016
Paper published by Tallers Egana S.L. ,March
2006, vol. 13