The document discusses the nature and impact of earthquakes, emphasizing that while no construction can be made completely earthquake-proof, structural resistance can be improved through various techniques. It outlines different methods such as energy dissipation devices, bracing systems, and base isolation technology to enhance a building's resilience to seismic forces. Additionally, it highlights the importance of horizontal bands in masonry and shear walls in increasing structural strength and stability during earthquakes.

1. Presented by, Guided by,
AKSHAY KUMAR V V Prof. SAJEEB R
7107
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2.  Earthquakes constitute one of the worst natural hazards
which often turn into disaster causing widespread destruction
and loss to human life.
 The effects of earthquake vary upon the magnitude and
intensity. Earthquakes occur every now and then all round the
world, except in some places where earthquakes occur rarely.
 No structure on the planet can be constructed 100%
earthquake proof, Only its resistance to earthquake can be
increased.
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3.  An Earthquake is the result of a sudden release of
energy in the earth’s crust that creates seismic waves.
Nepal earthquake(2015)
(Source:http://www.eqclearinghouse.org/)
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4. Bhuj earthquake(2001)
(Source:http://bhujbolechhe.org)
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5.  Roll of Inertial Force,
F=M*a
Effect of Inertia in a building when shaken at its base.
(Source: www.nicee.org/EQTips.php)
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6. 1. Energy dissipation device
2. Bracing
3. Isolation
4. Bands
5. Shear walls
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7.  Its also called Dampers.
 Dampers act like hydraulic shock absorbers.
 Which absorb vibrations caused due to earthquakes.
 Usually for protecting tall buildings.
 Reduces the swaying of buildings.
 Installed along with Bracings
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8.  Viscous Dampers
 Friction Dampers
 Yielding Dampers
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9. (Source: www.nicee.org/EQTips.php)
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10.  Braced frames are prevalently utilized as
lateral load resisting system.
 Bracing is usually seen with two digonal
supports placed in an X shaped manner.
 Steel cables can be used for bracing.
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11. Single Diagonals
(Source:www.slideshare.net)
Cross bracing
(Source:www.slideshare.net)
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12. John Hancock Tower in chicago
(Source:www.nexus.globalquakemodel.org)
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13.  New kind of energy dissipating frame
 Energy absorbing fuse
 Provide excellent ductility and lateral stiffness.
 Timber pieces and mild steel are used
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14. Knee bracings
(source:www.ideers.bris.ac.uk)
Knee bracings
(source:httpsembed.widencdn.net)
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15.  Base isolated structure is supported by a series of
bearing pads which are placed between building and
building foundation.
 Principle is easy and widely used.
 The main feature of the base isolation technology is
that it introduces flexibility in the structures.
 Reduce the building acceleration by ¼ the acceleration
of fixed base building
 Base Isolation Using tyre pads is an economical
method.
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Seismic base isolation pads using scrap automobile tires
(Source:www.sefindia.org/forum/files/low)

18. Pasadena city hall
(Source:www.cityofpasadena.net)
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19.  CITY OF PAS
CITY OF PASADENA(USA)
(Source:www.clarkconstruction.com)
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20.  Horizontal bands are the most important
earthquake-resistant feature in masonry
buildings
 They hold a masonry building as a single unit
by tying all the walls together
 There are Four types of bands in a typical
masonry building,
Gable band, Roof band, Lintel band and Plinth
band
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Horizontal Bands in masonry building
(Source: www.nicee.org/EQTips.php)

22. (Source: www.nicee.org/EQTips.php)
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23. The 1993 Latur Earthquake(Central India)-one masonry house in Killari village had horizontal
lintel band and sustained the shaking without damage
(Source: Murty.C.V.R, 2015)
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24.  Vertically oriented wide beams
 It carries seismic loads down to the bottom of
foundation
 Provides large strength and stiffness to buildings
 Thickness generally varies from 150mm to 400mm in
high rise buildings
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25. Reinforced concrete shear walls in buildings Types of shear walls
(Source: Murty.C.V.R, 2015) (Source: Murty.C.V.R, 2015)
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26. Two-storey building with multiple Two-storey building with multiple
load paths in X direction load paths in Y direction
(Source:www.recoveryplatform.org)
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27. Reinforcement details of RC walls
(Source:www.recoveryplatform.org)
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28.  The work in the field of earthquake resistant techniques is very
important to have safe structures.
 Techniques for earthquake resistance is not strengthen the
building, but to reduce the earthquake generated forces acing
upon it.
 Effects made by the Earthquake mainly depends on
acceleration of base and mass of building.
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29.  Cancellara.D, Angelis.F.D (2016), Assessment and dynamic nonlinear analysis of
different base isolation systems for a multi-storey RC building irregular in
plan,Computers and Structures, 79(Article in press).
 Fateh.A, Hejazi.F, Jaafar.M.S, Karim.I.A (2016), Design of a variable stiffness bracing
system: Mathematical modeling, Fabrication and dynamic analysis, Soil Dynamics and
Earthquake Engineering, 80: 87-101.
 Nobahar.E, Farahi.M, Mofid.M (2016),Quantification of seismic performance factors of
the buildings consisting of disposable knee bracing frames, Journal of Constructional
Steel Research, 124: 132-141.
 Murty.C.V.R(2015), Learning Earthquake Design and Construction, Earthquake tips,
(www.nicee.org/EQTips.php).
 Yun-tian Wu, Dao Y.K,Yeong .B.Y (2016), Seismic performance of steel and concrete
composite shear walls with embedded steel truss for use in high-rise buildings ,
Engineering Structures, 125: 39-53.
 www.nexus.globalquakemodel.org
 http://greenfieldgeography.wikispaces.com/Before+the+event
 https://nees.org/resources
 http://www.sefindia.org/forum/files/low_1_464.pdf
 www.recoveryplatform.org
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