IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
COMPARISON OF MAIN EFFECT OF VEGETABLE OIL AND AL2O3 NANOFLUIDS USED WITH MQL...IAEME Publication
The growing demands for high productivity of machining need use of high cutting velocity and feed rate. Such machining inherently produces high cutting temperature, which not only reduces tool life but also impairs the product quality. Application of cutting fluids changes the performance of machining operations because of their lubrication, cooling, and chip flushing functions. But the conventional cutting fluids are not that effective in such high production machining, particularly in continuous cutting of materials likes steels. So Nanofluids have novel properties that make them potentially useful in heat transfer medium in cutting zone and Minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) presents itself as a viable alternative for turning with respect to tool wear, heat dissipation, and machined surface quality.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Conceptual design of injection mold tool for the chair hand rest componenteSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Impact of varying the nozzle stand off distance on cutting temperature in t...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Studies on material removal rate of al6061 while turning with coolant and wit...eSAT Journals
Abstract: Material Removal Rate (MRR) is one of the key attribute of machining process which influences productivity. In this work the effect of various turning process parameters on MRR produced on Al6061 (as cast condition) is investigated. Also, the effect of using coolant on MRR while turning is also determined. MRR is found to increase almost linearly with increase in feed rate. Increase in depth of cut and cutting speed is found to increase the MRR by 70.66 % and 16.36 % respectively. Keywords: Al6061, Material Removal Rate, Turning Process, Spindle Speed, Depth of Cut, ANOVA, Taguchi Method
Conceptual design of injection mould tool for main body part of an air inflatoreSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Conceptual design of transfer mould tool for rubber bumper springeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Impact of varying the nozzle stand off distance on cutting temperature in t...eSAT Journals
Abstract Tool wear is a natural phenomenon in all metal cutting operations due to high friction at tool work interface, which affect the tool life, product quality and accuracy of work. For minimizing the friction at tool work interface the cutting fluids or lubricants are used for cooling and lubrication, hence improvement in machining efficiency. But if the quantity and quality of lubricants are unattended or underestimated then it creates problems like soil, water, environmental pollution and also makes the machining process uneconomical. The different cooling and lubrication techniques have been developed today. So it is necessity of present day scenario of machining to work with technology which would not degrade the environment, face the competition and have better quality of products. Different research shows that conventional Flood lubrication is limited by health hazards, misting and sometime uneconomical as compared to other techniques, due to its high discharge rate of fluid. These problems have been overcome by using dry machining. Studies shows that dry machining also becomes non efficient and uneconomical during cutting of harder materials at higher cutting speed, feed and depth of cut, although it is environmental friendly and economical at particular machining level. So to minimize all these Problems of health hazards, non-economy, intense tool wear in case of flood cooling and dry machining, the minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) has been applied in this present research. The effect of varying the nozzle stand-off distance and lubricant pressure have been considered in this study, to find out the best results in terms of cutting temperature. The experimentation has been conducted during turning of EN- 31 Alloy Steel with minimum quantity lubrication at flow rate of 150 ml/hr having vegetable based oil. The temperature has been measured by K- type thermocouple .The vegetable oil has been selected due to its environmental friendly behavior and does not produce health hazards, like mineral oil during flood lubrication.
Characterization of al graphite composite developed by powder metallurgy tech...eSAT Journals
Abstract The applications of the composite material have grown steadily and which occupy the new market. The main reason for using the composite is to reduce the weight. Aluminium has a wide advantage in research field which is used as base metal in many MMC’s. In this experimental study, Aluminium graphite MMCs was fabricated by mixing of graphite powder into aluminium powder followed by powder metallurgy route. The composite were compacted and sintering was done at 450̊ C. It has been found that addition of graphite into aluminium does not result in much improvement in hardness due to the soft nature of graphite. Key Words: Aluminium, Graphite, Powder metallurgy, Microstructure.
Through Lean Manufacturing Techniques Improvement InProduction of Cement PlantIJERA Editor
The production of cement is a process industry which is distinct from manufacturing and the main objective here
is to apply lean manufacturing technique to the eradicate waste to the processes and parameters which are
common between process and discrete manufacturing. Lean signifies a major advance over traditional mass
production methods. Value stream mapping is used first to identify different waste present in the current state.
This paper will describe work undertaken investigating the application of lean thinking to a continuous
production environment, in this instance exemplified by the cement industry. Implementation of lean helps
many organizations to improve their productivity and efficiency Cement plays a vital role in economic
development of any country. Having more than a hundred and fifty years history, it has been used extensively in
construction of anything, from a small building to a mammoth multi-purpose project. The need for improving
the efficiency of the cement production line is widely acknowledged in order to reduce the downtime rates, and
satisfy high levels of market demand where the demand for cement is mostly second substance behind water.
This paper articulates a methodology for data collection, knowledge extraction, model creation and
experimentation that combines the use of process mapping, computational simulation. A detailed description of
each step of the process is given and is illustrated by results from a case study undertaken during the research.
This paper describes work undertaken to implement lean practices in the continuous process sector as
represented by cement production. One of the major barriers to lean implementation is providing evidence of its
potential benefit to end-users. This work aims to overcome this obstacle by producing a tool which can be used
to easily visualize the benefits of adopting lean practices without requiring disruption to the production
environment.
Use of cutting fluids in machining processes can reduce the cutting temperature and provides lubrication to tool and work piece. These translate to longer tool life and improved surface quality. Metalworking fluids are a major cause of health hazards for operators apart from being sources of environmental pollution thus necessitating research in dry and minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) machining. The introduction of coolant techniques such as near-dry machining so called minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) and cryogenic coolant have shown promising performances especially in terms of cutting tool life. Nowadays, MQL is widely used in machining performances.
COMPARISON OF MAIN EFFECT OF VEGETABLE OIL AND AL2O3 NANOFLUIDS USED WITH MQL...IAEME Publication
The growing demands for high productivity of machining need use of high cutting velocity and feed rate. Such machining inherently produces high cutting temperature, which not only reduces tool life but also impairs the product quality. Application of cutting fluids changes the performance of machining operations because of their lubrication, cooling, and chip flushing functions. But the conventional cutting fluids are not that effective in such high production machining, particularly in continuous cutting of materials likes steels. So Nanofluids have novel properties that make them potentially useful in heat transfer medium in cutting zone and Minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) presents itself as a viable alternative for turning with respect to tool wear, heat dissipation, and machined surface quality.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Conceptual design of injection mold tool for the chair hand rest componenteSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Impact of varying the nozzle stand off distance on cutting temperature in t...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Studies on material removal rate of al6061 while turning with coolant and wit...eSAT Journals
Abstract: Material Removal Rate (MRR) is one of the key attribute of machining process which influences productivity. In this work the effect of various turning process parameters on MRR produced on Al6061 (as cast condition) is investigated. Also, the effect of using coolant on MRR while turning is also determined. MRR is found to increase almost linearly with increase in feed rate. Increase in depth of cut and cutting speed is found to increase the MRR by 70.66 % and 16.36 % respectively. Keywords: Al6061, Material Removal Rate, Turning Process, Spindle Speed, Depth of Cut, ANOVA, Taguchi Method
Conceptual design of injection mould tool for main body part of an air inflatoreSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Conceptual design of transfer mould tool for rubber bumper springeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Impact of varying the nozzle stand off distance on cutting temperature in t...eSAT Journals
Abstract Tool wear is a natural phenomenon in all metal cutting operations due to high friction at tool work interface, which affect the tool life, product quality and accuracy of work. For minimizing the friction at tool work interface the cutting fluids or lubricants are used for cooling and lubrication, hence improvement in machining efficiency. But if the quantity and quality of lubricants are unattended or underestimated then it creates problems like soil, water, environmental pollution and also makes the machining process uneconomical. The different cooling and lubrication techniques have been developed today. So it is necessity of present day scenario of machining to work with technology which would not degrade the environment, face the competition and have better quality of products. Different research shows that conventional Flood lubrication is limited by health hazards, misting and sometime uneconomical as compared to other techniques, due to its high discharge rate of fluid. These problems have been overcome by using dry machining. Studies shows that dry machining also becomes non efficient and uneconomical during cutting of harder materials at higher cutting speed, feed and depth of cut, although it is environmental friendly and economical at particular machining level. So to minimize all these Problems of health hazards, non-economy, intense tool wear in case of flood cooling and dry machining, the minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) has been applied in this present research. The effect of varying the nozzle stand-off distance and lubricant pressure have been considered in this study, to find out the best results in terms of cutting temperature. The experimentation has been conducted during turning of EN- 31 Alloy Steel with minimum quantity lubrication at flow rate of 150 ml/hr having vegetable based oil. The temperature has been measured by K- type thermocouple .The vegetable oil has been selected due to its environmental friendly behavior and does not produce health hazards, like mineral oil during flood lubrication.
Characterization of al graphite composite developed by powder metallurgy tech...eSAT Journals
Abstract The applications of the composite material have grown steadily and which occupy the new market. The main reason for using the composite is to reduce the weight. Aluminium has a wide advantage in research field which is used as base metal in many MMC’s. In this experimental study, Aluminium graphite MMCs was fabricated by mixing of graphite powder into aluminium powder followed by powder metallurgy route. The composite were compacted and sintering was done at 450̊ C. It has been found that addition of graphite into aluminium does not result in much improvement in hardness due to the soft nature of graphite. Key Words: Aluminium, Graphite, Powder metallurgy, Microstructure.
Through Lean Manufacturing Techniques Improvement InProduction of Cement PlantIJERA Editor
The production of cement is a process industry which is distinct from manufacturing and the main objective here
is to apply lean manufacturing technique to the eradicate waste to the processes and parameters which are
common between process and discrete manufacturing. Lean signifies a major advance over traditional mass
production methods. Value stream mapping is used first to identify different waste present in the current state.
This paper will describe work undertaken investigating the application of lean thinking to a continuous
production environment, in this instance exemplified by the cement industry. Implementation of lean helps
many organizations to improve their productivity and efficiency Cement plays a vital role in economic
development of any country. Having more than a hundred and fifty years history, it has been used extensively in
construction of anything, from a small building to a mammoth multi-purpose project. The need for improving
the efficiency of the cement production line is widely acknowledged in order to reduce the downtime rates, and
satisfy high levels of market demand where the demand for cement is mostly second substance behind water.
This paper articulates a methodology for data collection, knowledge extraction, model creation and
experimentation that combines the use of process mapping, computational simulation. A detailed description of
each step of the process is given and is illustrated by results from a case study undertaken during the research.
This paper describes work undertaken to implement lean practices in the continuous process sector as
represented by cement production. One of the major barriers to lean implementation is providing evidence of its
potential benefit to end-users. This work aims to overcome this obstacle by producing a tool which can be used
to easily visualize the benefits of adopting lean practices without requiring disruption to the production
environment.
Use of cutting fluids in machining processes can reduce the cutting temperature and provides lubrication to tool and work piece. These translate to longer tool life and improved surface quality. Metalworking fluids are a major cause of health hazards for operators apart from being sources of environmental pollution thus necessitating research in dry and minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) machining. The introduction of coolant techniques such as near-dry machining so called minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) and cryogenic coolant have shown promising performances especially in terms of cutting tool life. Nowadays, MQL is widely used in machining performances.
Computational analysis of effect of stacking orientation on low velocity impa...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Analytical review of loss reduction techniques in indian power distribution s...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Wear behaviour of si c reinforced al6061 alloy metal matrix composites by usi...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Adaptive transmit diversity selection (atds) based on stbc and sfbc fir 2 x1 ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Study of cigarette butts extract as corrosiveinhibiting agent in j55 steel ma...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Reduction of root fillet stress by alternative root fillet profileeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Prediction of tool wear during turning of en9 work material against coated ca...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Optimization of energy use intensity in a design build frameworkeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Microstructure analysis of steel 85 & al 7050 for cold expanded holeseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
An effective attack preventing routing approach in speed network in manetseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Review on investigation and optimization of turning process parameter in wet ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Experimental investigations of vegetable & mineral oil performance during mac...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Experimental investigations of vegetable & mineral oil performance during...eSAT Journals
Abstract Machining with Conventional flood lubrication is a common practice in the industries for reducing friction, heat and cutting power. The type of cutting fluid used during machining play important role in enhancing the machining performance if and only if it is selected, applied, handled and disposed in better way. Cutting fluids often poses hazard to man, environment, machine and material. It sometimes also becomes uneconomical; when application method, flow rate and cost of cutting fluid are remain unattended or underestimated. In Conventional flood lubrication a large quantity of lubricant is applied continuously at the tool chip interface does not remove heat effectively as much required because of poor penetration and obstruction from the chip. Therefore this system is becoming uneconomical for machining and unsuitable for environment. On the other hand wastage disposal of this large quantity of cutting fluid (petroleum based) is becoming problematic. Therefore the present study has been conducted by Vegetable based Minimum quantity Lubrication to reduce or to minimize hazards caused by Conventional flood lubrication. The Results of surface roughness obtained during Turning of EN-31 Steel with Minimum quantity lubrication of both mineral oil and vegetable are compared with each other and indicates that the surface roughness of vegetable oil is close proximity with mineral oil.
Optimizing the manufacturing of the nose cone of a race careSAT Journals
can be employed right from the mold making process to the actual
manufacturing of a composite part. It focuses on developing a cost-effective, time-saving and reusable mold that can withstand
relatively high pressures and temperatures and serve as an alternative to the current industry norms. The challenge lies in
effectively eliminating the pattern making stage without compromising on the surface finish of the mold.
Considering the high velocities that race cars travel with, nose cone geometry plays a critical role in dictating the aerodynamic
design that provides minimum drag and ensures optimum performance of the car. The first step in achieving this goliath of a step
has its foundation in making a coherent assembly of the nose cone while maintaining its structural integrity and strength. Based
on the experimental data, the lamination strategy was worked out to adjudicate the carbon fiber prepreg layers on the nose cone
mold.
Key Words: Composites, Mold, Carbon fiber, Prepregs, Nose Cone, Joggle technique
Design and fabrication of automation for stapling of wooden supports to corru...eSAT Journals
Abstract The scope of this research is to design an automated system by which stapling of box is done. Automation is key subject for this project. Machine Design and Manufacturing Process were also subjects of interest. Accuracy in manufacturing was necessary for proper functioning of system. First of all various design of system was carried out. After comparing various possibilities in every aspect, final efficient design is selected. Design includes Scissors mechanism, Z- Shaped Base and Robot slide base. Design and selection process includes LM Guides, Actuators, Shock Absorber, Robot, and Indexer. Design stage involved basic machine design techniques and force analysis
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Design of ‘plastic injection mold’ for an ‘air vent bezel’ through flow analy...eSAT Journals
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About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Mininmum quantity lubrication in deep hole drilling
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 03 Special Issue: 03 | May-2014 | NCRIET-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 712
MININMUM QUANTITY LUBRICATION IN DEEP HOLE DRILLING Anand A Kulkarni1, Vinay Murgod2, Jayant Kittur3 1Lecturer, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KLS Gogte Institute of Technology, Udyambag Belgaum-590008, Karnataka, India 2Lecturer, Department of IP Engineering, KLS Gogte Institute of Technology, Udyambag Belgaum 590008, Karnataka, India 3Professor, Department of IP Engineering, KLS Gogte Institute of Technology, Udyambag Belgaum 590008, Karnataka, India Abstract Tool wear being a natural phenomenon in all machining processes leads to tool failure. There is growing demand in machining process for high productivity with use of high cutting velocity and feed rate. Such machining inherently produces high cutting temperature. The performances of machining operations are changed by use metal cutting fluids because of their lubrication, cooling and chip flushing functions. Cooling lubrication is an essential condition to achieve the economical tool life and the required surface quality in many cases. Cutting fluids have both economic and technological aspects, but environmental concerns have become increasingly important to manufacturing processes Hence it is difficult to reach a total renouncement of the use of the cooling lubricants in metal cutting for environment reasons, while the minimization of cutting fluid will lead to economical benefits by way of saving lubricant costs and work piece/tool/machine cleaning cycle time. Against this background, the concept of Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL)or “near dry lubrication” act as an substitute to traditional fluids is an interesting means of addressing the issues of both economical and environmental intrusiveness, by combining the functionality of cooling lubrication and with extremely low consumption of cooling lubrication .Thus, this work proposes to explore the MQL, elimination of, or significant reduction in, cooling lubricants affects on long hole drilling components of a production system. To ensure an efficient process and successful implementation of Minimum Quantity Lubrication. A detailed analysis and adaptation of cutting parameters, cutting tools, machine tools and the production environment is conducted. Keywords—High Productivity, Minimum quantity lubrication (MQL), environmental intrusiveness, alternative to traditional fluids, minimization of cutting fluid
--------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. INTRODUCTION
The conventional cutting fluids substances can seriously affect both health and environment These are used up in machining process and are considered a problem for manufacturers. Any Cutting fluids have both economic and technological aspects, but environmental concerns have become increasingly important to manufacturing processes Galvanized into action by pressure from environmental agencies, politicians have imposed ever stricter legislation to protect the environment and preserve energy resources. Industrial sector, research centres and universities have to put hand together to find alternative production processes, and create technologies that will minimize these residues which affect the environment. Presently metal working industry uses large quantities of water -based cooling fluids with high consumption and discard costs for machining which generates residue and impacting the environment. The increasing need for environmentally friendly production techniques and the rapid growth of cutting fluid disposal costs have justified the demand for an alternative to machining processes using fluids. However restricted use of cooling fluids and/or lubricants in metal-mechanical production processes industries as much as possible has been the goal of research in this field over the past decade. The concept of Minimum Quantity Lubricant (MQL) sometimes referred to as ―near dry lubrication‖ [1] or ―micro lubrication‖ [2],machining have become the focus of attention of researchers and technicians in the field of machining as an alternative to traditional fluids .There will be increased temperatures in these processes, reduction in tool life performance, loss of dimensional precision and geometry of the parts, and variation in the machine’s thermal behavior if we drastic reduce or even complete elimination conventional fluids. 1.1 Minimum Quantity Lubrication
The latest technique to have been delivered in metal cutting fluid to the tool/work interface is MQL, also known as ―Micro lubrication‖. Tool performance show substantial difference when a small quantity of fluid, when selected and applied properly, by using this technology. Cutting performance is the main basis while selecting flood coolant in conventional operations. While in MQL, secondary
2. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 03 Special Issue: 03 | May-2014 | NCRIET-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 713
characteristics are important. These include their safety
properties, (environment pollution and human contact),
biodegradability, oxidation and storage stability .In MQL [4],
lubrication is obtained via the lubricant, while a minimum
cooling action is achieved by the pressurized air that reaches
the tool/work interface. Further, MQL reduces induced thermal
shock and helps to increase the work piece surface integrity in
situations of high tool pressure. Basically MQL delivery
systems are of two types: External minimal quantity lubrication
(MQL) and Internal minimal quantity lubrication (MQL).
External minimal quantity lubrication (MQL) Fig 1. System
consists of a coolant tank or reservoir which is connected with
tubes fitted with one or more nozzles. The system can be
assembled near or on the machine and has independently
adjustable air and coolant flow for balancing coolant delivery.
It is inexpensive, portable, and suited for almost all machining
operations.
Fig1. Image of external MQL courtesy [3]
Internal minimal quantity lubrication (MQL) [5, 6] Fig 2.
Systems here air-oil mist is created .The oil and pressurized air
is mixed and fed on the job through the spindle near to the tool
and the cutting zone interface
Fig 2 Image of Internal MQL.[3]
1.2 Working Principle of MQL
With minimal quantity lubrication the lubrication b/w the tool
and work piece is done with a flow of air containing finely
dispersed droplets of oil called Aerosol. The system contains a
special aerosol generator that can produce aerosols with an oil
droplet size of 0.5μm Thanks to this small size the droplets of
oil have hardly any inertia or rate of fall That makes it possible
to transport the aerosol over long distances, via sharp
deflections or high speed rotating tool spindles without any
notable demixing, so all the lubricant particles are fed to the
tool’s cutting edge
Fig 3 Image of Aerosol generator [3]
1) Aerosol Transport 2) Aerosol Generator 3) Lubricating
particle 4) Lubricant.
1.3 Aerosol Working
The size and distribution of the droplets of oil in the aerosol are
very homogenous with minimal quantity lubrication systems
since the aerosol is atomized under controlled conditions.
Those results in physical advantages: In addition to the high
degree of surface wetting, extremely fine particles of lubricant
also reach poorly accessible or hidden spots on the work piece.
Difficult through feed tasks with deflections of the kind found
in the turrets of turning machines can also be handled. Nor
does the transport of aerosol to the active site present any
problem in the case of milling machines running at speeds of
more than 20,000 rpm. Lines as long as 20 m from the minimal
quantity lubrication system to the machining site are likewise
no problem for these installations either. The friction, and thus
the transfer of heat from the chip to the work piece, is reduced.
Optimal lubrication during removal of the chips in the chip
groove not only permits higher machining speeds but also
results in a much better work piece surface finish
Fig 4 (conventional processes): Poor wetting of the work piece
and tool due to uncontrolled atomization of the air/oil droplets
at the nozzle.
Fig 5 MQL droplets wet the work piece evenly due to much
smaller, homogenous droplets. Images Courtesy [3]
Fig 4
Fig 5
3. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 03 Special Issue: 03 | May-2014 | NCRIET-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 714
1.4 Working of Internal MQL A fine aerosol with an homogenous particle size of ~ 0.5 μm is produced in the reservoir from a lubricant and compressed air with a special nozzle system. Thanks to the small particle size, the aerosol passes through the rotating spindles of machining centres or through the winding ducts of turrets on modern turning centres without any demixing taking place en route. Dependable machining is assured by such loss free transport. Modern machining centres with a large number of tools require individual control of the aerosol quantity by stored program control (SPC) of the machine tools. This control possibility is provided by the Digital system. The aerosol quantity and composition required for the respective tool and cutting task are set by valves switched with M or H commands from the machine's control system. The required aerosol quality is adjusted with the Various system by manual regulation of the air pressure and quantity of lubricant. 2. EXPERIMENTAL SET UP 2.1 Minimum Quantity Lubrication applied to Drilling Process
The boreholes with a length-to-diameter ratio L/D > 3 are called Deep drill hole and gun drills are in this process. For small tool diameters d<12 mm two commonly used methods exist. Due to the asymmetric design of the single-lip drill and its single cutting edge the productivity of this method is limited. The use of solid carbide twist drills offers an alternative to the single-lip drilling and usually allows higher feed rates. The specification are mentioned in Table 1.This technique is generally utilised in operations for bore with slenderness ratio ≤ 40. High heat flux is generated b/w the interface of work piece and drill because of the relatively long machining time of deep hole drilling operations. Particularly in deep hole drilling operations, the MQL- concept is currently frequently introduced as it provides more ecological and economical substitute to the common emulsion coolant. At higher temperatures there is increase of the adhesion affinity and the lower chip breakage ability of the material with this reliability of the deep hole drilling process can be affected . Hence the knowledge of the heat generation and distribution is important for the reliable design of the MQL machining process, in particular the deep hole drilling using twist. The investigations were carried out on a multi-axis- machining centre. Additionally a MQL device with an operating pressure of PMQL = 10 bar was used in order to realize a reliable chip removal along the flutes of the twist drill. During machining use of pressure of Pair = PMQL = 6 bar with compressed air and MQL did not provide the needed lubrication and cooling performance. To overcome the above problem of continuous chip formation, jammed flutes and finally tool breakage a higher pressure of p = 12 bar was used. The cutting speed of Vc = 150 m/min and Vc = 220 m/min as well as the feed of f = 0.15 mm and f = 0.35 mm. The cutting parameters such as the feed was varied between f = 0.15 mm and f = 0.35 mm by constant cutting speed of Vc = 175 m/min so as to build relation b/w cutting speed, the feed and the heat input into the work piece. The solid carbide uncoated drill Ø12X 300 mm as flute length were used .For calculating mechanical load the geometry of drill depth of l = 270 mm = 27xd, was used . Further- more, the twist drills feature a non-rounded cutting edge and polished flutes in order to achieve an enhanced chip breakage behaviour and friction-reduced chip removal. The pilot hole had the depth of lp = 35 mm and was generated by a stub drill, which has a diameter of d = 12.030 mm and a included angle σ = 150°, in order to provide guidance and centering of the deep hole drill. 2.2 Mechanical Load Analysis and Results The results of the mechanical load analysis are presented in Figure .Both the feed force Ff Fig. 6 and the drilling torque Md Fig. 8 demonstrate a nearly linear dependency on the feed and a minor correlation to the cutting speed. When the cutting speed was increased from Vc = 150 m/min to Vc = 220 m/min and experiments with a feed of f = 0.15 mm then feed force increased by approximately 50%. For small feed rates the friction at the chisel edge has a significant influence on the feed force due to the small undeformed chip thickness. When drilling with higher feed rates the cutting speed dependent effects become minor since the undeformed chip thickness at the major cutting edge as well as the effective rake angle increase. When the feed was increased from f = 0.15 mm to f = 0.35 mm the feed force Ff and the drilling torque Md were approximately doubled .The analysis of the cutting forces has shown that the feed is the major influencing factor on the machining process. Fig 6 Variation of Feed force Ff (N) against Feed f (mm) for varied cutting speed
4. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 03 Special Issue: 03 | May-2014 | NCRIET-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 715
Fig. 7 Variation of Drilling torque Md (Nm) against Feed f (mm) for varied cutting speed Table 1 Experimental specifications Below are the optical images of the carbide drill which have been obtained from the Zoller tool pre setter Fig . 8 ,9 solid carbide after 80 holes in flooding conditions; Fig. 11,12 Same drill after 160 holes in H2O-MQL conditions Fig .8, 9 carbide drill after 80 holes in flooding condition Fig. 10, 11 carbide drill after 160 holes in MQL condition
Also find the photos of the chip obtained in flooding condition and MQL condition Fig 12 are the chips in flooding condition and Fig. 13 under MQL condition
Fig 12 Chips obtained during flooding condition Fig 13 Chips obtained during MQL condition 3. CONCLUSIONS An experimental study has been performed to examine the effect of minimum quantity lubrication over flooding condition in the long hole drilling The process attributes analysed herein have included the cutting forces and tool life. In the context of tool life, the study has shown a significant increase of tool life – over 30% -- by minimum quantity lubrication over a wide range of cutting conditions. It can thus be concluded that the use of cutting fluid at minute amounts can potentially protect the tool while holding the cutting forces relatively unchanged in comparison to flooding cutting condition. Other machining performance issues in terms of chip flushing, temperature, surface finish and environmental consciousness have not been included in this study. Further research in these directions is suggested REFERENCES
[1] Klocke, F., Eisenblatter, G., ―Dry Cutting,‖ Annals of the CIRP, 46 (2), pp. 519-526,1997
[2] MaClure, T.F.,Adams, R.and Gugger, M.D, Comparison of Flood vs Micro lubrication on Machining Performance, website: http://www.unist.com/techsolve.html,2001
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Volume: 03 Special Issue: 03 | May-2014 | NCRIET-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 716
[3] www.vogel.com V000 06/2003
[4] L. Alden Kendall, Friction and wear of cutting tools and cutting tool materials, in: ASM Handbook, vol. 18, ASM International, The Materials Information Society, 1998, pp. 609–620, ISBN 0-87170-380-7.
[5] K. Weinert, I. Inasaki, J.W. Sutherland, T. Wakabayashi, Dry machin- ing and minimum quantity lubrication, Ann. CIRP 53 (2) (2004) pp 511–537.
[6] G. Byrne, D. Dornfeld, B. Denkena, Advancing cutting technology, Ann. CIRP 52 (2) (2003) pp 483–507.